What is the difference between political consultation and political participation?

Political consultation and participation in and deliberation of state affairs are two functions of the CPPCC, which are different in object, subject, procedure and form. The following is a detailed introduction:

1. The objects are different. Political consultation usually involves major national policies and important local initiatives, while political participation focuses more on specific affairs and social conditions and public opinion.

2. The subjects are different. Political consultation is usually initiated by the ruling party and invites democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, and nonpartisans to participate. It is a top-down consultation process; political participation is initiated by democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, and nonpartisans. The ruling party responds to questions and suggestions accordingly, which is a bottom-up process.

3. The procedures are different. Political consultation is usually carried out during the decision-making process before major events are announced and implemented, while political participation is carried out after the specific work is implemented and problems are discovered.

4. Different forms. Political consultation is mainly conducted in the form of meetings, such as plenary meetings, special political standing committee meetings, etc.; political participation is conducted in the form of proposing bills, proposals, investigation reports, etc.