History of Salt Industry in Haifeng Town Site

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong, Minister of Qi State, suggested that Qi Huangong should "cook the sea for salt", develop salt industry and dominate the world with the benefit of fish and salt. Huanghua is located in the north of Qi State, from which salt industry started. During Qin Shihuang's reign, Liu Xian County was established because it was rich in fish and salt (more than ten miles southeast of Yang Er Zhuang, near Haifeng Town today). In the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (1 10 BC), Sang Hongyang was a captain in charge of Guan Ji. Please appoint 37 officials from the Ministry of Agriculture, who are stationed in counties and counties with high salt production in China. Only 38 salt officials have been set up in China to manage salt administration. Zhangwu County, Bohai County (north of Guxian Village, Huanghua City) was the first county to set up salt officials. At present, salt people in Haifeng Town have cooked salt on a small scale, and salt transportation mainly depends on waterways. During the Wangmang period (A.D. 14-23), seawater immersion occurred on the west coast of Bohai Sea. "It's raining in the sky, the northeast wind, and the sea is too much. It goes out to the southwest and sleeps for hundreds of miles. The land of the Nine Rivers has gradually expanded from the sea." Jiuhe River Basin includes Tianjin, Ninghe River and Huanghua Belt today. The seawater was flooded for about 100 years, and the salt industry and agriculture were destroyed. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gaocheng, Bohai County, was in the northeast/0/00 mile of Kloc-0, drifting in the north (near Haifeng Town, Huanghua City) and facing the giant sea in the east. People boil sea water with salt and live on it. By 1800 years ago, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a grand occasion of "cooking all the smoke in the sea", and the raw salt produced was transported to Chang 'an, the capital at that time.

In the first year of Jianxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 3 18), the late Zhao Emperor Xerox sent Wang Shu to cook salt in Jiaofeicheng (the hometown of Liu County, now Haifeng Town Village), which is equivalent to the coastal saltworks in Huanghua today and the territory of Haixing County (recorded in the Water Mirror Note). In the third year of Yongxi in the Northern Wei Dynasty (A.D. 534), he cooked salt by the sea in Cang, Ying, Qing and You, with Cangzhou as the most prosperous place, with as many as 1484 stoves (just like the 4,884 in the New Records of Yanshan). Most of the stoves in Cangzhou are near Haifeng Town in Huanghua City today. At that time, the main waterway for salt transportation was Liuhe (Fengzhen, north of the sea). Fly over the corner to the urban area (now Haifeng Town), southwest via Yang Er Zhuang, west to Zhangwu County Zhisuo (now Guxian Village, Huanghua City), then through Gaocheng County Zhibei (now Zhaocun Village, Yanshan Old Town), west to the boundary of Zhangzhou, and then through Luchang (now Cangzhou City) to connect Zhangshui and Hengershui. Land from Yang Er Zhuang via Cangzhou and Huihe Yingzhou (Hejian) for transshipment, westbound marketing around. The Tang, Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties were the prosperous periods of salt industry in Haifeng Town. Before the Tang Dynasty, salt people in Haifeng Town cooked salt for one kitchen or several kitchens, and the government sent officials to supervise tax collection. Salt and iron resumed monopoly in the middle of Tang dynasty; We set up a salt and iron transshipment ambassador, and Ada, a financial expert, rectified the salt law, successfully transshipped the salt and expanded the financial resources. When Emperor Gaozong reopened Wudi River, inland navigation reappeared, and salt transportation in Haifeng Town was very busy, and ships doing business often blocked the river. At that time, it was named "Shang Tong Town". Liu Changqing, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "The late tide is everywhere, and the sails are everywhere", describing the salt industry with many salt fields, merchants, white waves and rivers, and sails woven. At the time of Liao and Jin Dynasties, Cangzhou Company set up nine saltworks, and only when the state of 16 was presented did it benefit from cooking salt in the river, and all the states in Saibei ate Cang salt. According to "New Records of Yanshan Mountain", Cangshan salt first flourished in Wudian Liao, and Nantian salt was still in the north of Quanzhou (when Haifeng Field belonged to Nantian). In the Jin Dynasty, the salt industry in Haifeng Town was more prosperous. It has been forty-nine years since the publication of The History of Huo Zhi: "Yidu, the former Binzhou Salt Company, was established in April in the thirteenth year of Dading (1 173) and became a Shandong Salt Company. In twenty-one years, Cangzhou and Shandong became jealous, banned salt, thought for a long time or made laws, and later became Haifeng salt ambassadors. ...... Only seven salt companies in Shandong, namely Cangzhou, Baodi, Juzhou, Jieyang, Beijing and Xijing, were established for twenty-two years (1 18 1), and the salt ambassadors of Cangzhou and Shandong merged into Haifeng salt ambassadors. Haifeng Town Salt Field has become the main salt-producing area in Cangzhou and even in Shandong. From the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, the salt industry developed greatly, and there were 12 divisions under the jurisdiction of Luchang Salt Transportation Department. The 12 th North Games are managed by Qingzhou Branch, and the supervisor calls them transport judgments. South 12 parking lot is managed by Cangzhou Branch, and the supervisor is Yuntong. Haifeng Field belongs to Cangzhou Branch (then Cangzhou Branch was located in Haifeng Town, Zhuang Township, Yang Er City, Huanghua City), and its scope is adjacent to the sea in the east, connected with Shenzhou Yinghai Old Field (Suji, Yanshan County), crossed Mengwa to Wuditai in the northwest, and connected with Li Guochang (now Huanghua City). The household registration of salt people is now the most prosperous period in the history of Cangzhou, Yanshan, Huanghua, Qingxian, Laoling and Qingyun in Shandong.

The excavation of Huimin River in Yuan Dynasty blocked the Liuhe River from crossing and blocked the salt water transportation pipeline in Haifeng Town. Since then, wastewater has changed its route, inland river shipping has been replaced by land transportation, and its salt industry has declined for a time, gradually turning waste into market. During the Hongwu period in Ming Taizu (1368- 1398), the salt industry turned from prosperity to decline. The director of Haifeng Farm was renamed as Ambassador of Salt Normal University, and the factory is located in Yang Er Zhuang, Huanghua City. According to "New Records of Yanshan Mountain", in the early Ming Dynasty, the branch of Cangzhou was transported to Zhuangdong Street, Yang Er, to govern the South 12th Division. In the Battle of Jing Nan, the salt prisoners were killed while preventing the Yanjun from going south, and all the fields in Nansi were abandoned, resulting in the great decline of salt industry, which led to the "poor livelihood" of the people in northern Henan. At the beginning of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424), immigrants from Shanxi, Shandong, Beijing, Zhejiang and other places moved in one after another, and the fields were rebuilt and restored. Among them, Haitian Toyota had the largest scale and the highest output. After Li Liuxi moved to the west of Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, he watched the grand occasion of salt production in Haifeng Farm, and wrote the book Yang Er Pot, which introduced the scale, process and quantity of salt production in Haifeng Farm in detail.

In the first year of Jiajing of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty (1522), Yanren moved to Hongdong, Fujian, Nanjing and other places, and taught salt drying technology in HaiToyota. HaiToyota took the lead in adopting the easy-cooking beach drying method, which created a precedent in Luchang salt area. According to the History of Luchang Salt, in the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, there was a big mouth river in Huanghua and Haixing counties of Hebei Province, which originated in the sea and divided into five streams, between Haifeng and Shenzhou, and flowed through the southeast. A Fujian man came to tell me that this water can be used for drying salt, so that the chef Gao Chun picked and repaired a pool by the river, divided it into three sections: large, medium and small, and then watered and dried it in the section. In the morning (that is, twelve days), water is dry and salt is frozen. In the future, kitchen households in Haifeng Farm will have high altitude and high permeability. Seeing that this method is simpler than scraping and frying, they chose a convenient beach along the river and built a pond to dry salt. * * * Covers an area of 12 hectare and 80 mu of official land, and has established 427 beaches. Salt is baked in gold, or sold to Nadine salt officials, or sold to merchants to add bags. " Liu Sixian, the salt transporter of Luchang, asked about the benefits of drying salt, and once reduced the salt process to show encouragement. Regrettably, this move was not taken seriously by the Ming Dynasty, and the reform progressed slowly. However, it was fully implemented in the early Qing Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the development of salt industry. According to the records in New Records of Yanshan Mountain, the proportion of wok production is only at the low tide of Liuhe Tidal Channel, in the field of Liuhe North, and in Lijiaqiao, Henan. When Nantian was not merged in the Ming Dynasty, Haifeng was the enemy, which was connected with Yanzhen Field in the northwest and extended to Cangzhou for more than 200 miles. In fact, Haifengchang Beach is divided into north and south parts. South Beach is 20 kilometers southeast of Yang Er Zhuang, and there are 20 pairs of beaches, each of which has L-shaped tidal gullies. North beach is located at 65,438+07.5km northeast of Yang Er Zhuang, with 65,438+08 beaches and 6 tidal gullies, with an annual output of 5-6 thousand packs of salt (293.5kg per pack). Shi Haifeng Marketing Department is located in Zhuangxi Street, Yang Er. In the late Jiajing period, the heavy salt tax caused the salt people to flee, and there was a situation of "no household". In every kitchen beach, grass swings are mostly occupied by powerful people. The fields in Luchang Salt Area are depressed, and Haifengtian is almost deserted. In the third year of the Ming Dynasty (1569), Haifuchang was merged into Haifengchang. According to the scale at that time, Huifengchang was a dead field in Luchang salt area, and its salt output ranked first in all fields. 1945, Huanghua County was liberated. The county government organized large-scale salt drying, and opened up more than 200 beaches in Zuozhuang and Xinli of the former Haifeng Field. During the period of 1947, Huanghua opened 277 wells and 387 beaches. 1949 after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), due to the lack of systematic management and the different shapes and scales of beaches, the production technology is backward, the production capacity is low, the product quality is poor, the labor productivity is low, and the output is low and unstable. The average annual output is about 5,000 tons, which can only be supplied to local people. 1952, Huanghua county adjusted the salt industry of the whole county according to the current situation that the output exceeded the sales and the transportation was difficult, and two salt pans were reserved in the original Haifeng field, with 0/52 sets of beaches. 1957 There was a shortage of raw salt in China, and the State Council issued "Instructions on Restoration, Expansion and Construction of Saltworks". Approved by the State Planning Commission 136, the Ding Bureau of Cangxian County built Huanghua Salt Field in the east of Qizhuang Village, Yang Er Zhuang Township, Huanghua County (according to the History of Luchang Salt, this place is a famous salt field in ancient and modern times. Hai Toyota was established in Yuan Dynasty, with the highest output in Hebei. The original design is 40 kilometers long from north to south and 20 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of over 750,000 mu. All projects are carried out in two stages. The first phase of the project started in June, 1958, with an investment of13.6 million yuan. /kloc-0 was completed and put into production in the spring of 960, and the beach was opened, covering an area of 1288 mu, divided into one and two branches. After the establishment of the factory, due to transportation difficulties, the backlog of raw salt and the imbalance of the national economy. 196 1 year, Luchang Huanghua Salt Factory began to lay off employees one after another. 1962 stopped all production, leaving only 300 employees to maintain production equipment and deal with salt storage. 1965 resumed production on the basis of the original two plants and gradually formed a scale. It is a medium-sized salt-making enterprise directly under the Roadshow Bureau of the Minister of Light Industry. 1966 was officially put into production, and 20.6 pairs of beaches were restored, with a total area of 290 13 mu and a salt production of 7506 tons. In the following 40 years, the salt output of Luchang Huanghua Salt Field increased rapidly year by year by improving production technology and expanding beach area.

In 2006, the total output of raw salt in Luchang Huanghua Salt Field reached 960,000 tons, a record high, ranking third among peers in China. Sea salt transportation has developed from traditional land and water transportation to modern transportation such as sea transportation, road transportation and railway transportation, showing a booming trend.