Thank you for the origin and design of the RMB. Please help me.

RMB is the legal currency of the Republic of China. Its official ISO 4217 abbreviation is CNY (China Yuan), but the more commonly used abbreviation internationally is RMB (Ren Min Bi); "￥" is generally added before the number to indicate the amount of RMB. Article 15 of Chapter 3 of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China" stipulates: "The legal currency of the People's Republic of China is RMB." When the People's Bank of China was established on December 1, 1948, it began to issue the first set of RMB; on March 1, 1955, it began to issue the second set of RMB; on April 15, 1962, it began to issue the third set of RMB; on April 27, 1987 The fourth set of RMB began to be issued on October 1, 1999; the fifth set of RMB began to be issued on October 1, 1999. At present, the first, second and third sets of RMB have been stopped from circulation. The fifth set of RMB circulating in the market is mainly the fifth set, and there is also a small amount of the fourth set of RMB. The unit of RMB is yuan (yuan) (RMB Renminbi Yuan, abbreviated as "RMB", coded with "￥"). The unit of RMB auxiliary currency is dimes. The RMB does not have a legal gold content. It performs functions such as a value standard, a means of circulation, and a means of payment. Currently, the RMB coupons circulating in the market are: 1, 2, 5 jiao, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 yuan. According to legal regulations, RMB yuan and above are the main currency, and the remaining dimes and cents are auxiliary currencies (but now the cents are almost out of circulation). A three-step system was formed for the main and auxiliary coins, that is, 1 yuan = 10 jiao = 100 cents. According to the natural properties of the material, they are divided into metal coins (also known as coins) and banknotes (also known as banknotes). Both banknotes and coins circulate at the same value. The legal currency of the People's Republic of China is RMB (can be abbreviated as RMB). The People's Bank of China is the national competent authority for the management of RMB and is responsible for the design, printing and issuance of RMB. The unit of RMB is Yuan, and the units of RMB's subsidiary currencies are jiao and cents. 1 yuan is equal to 10 jiao, and 1 jiao is equal to 10 cents. Since the People's Republic of China issued the RMB, it has lasted more than 50 years. With the development of economic construction and the needs of people's lives, it has been gradually improved and improved. So far, five sets of RMB have been issued, forming banknotes and metal coins, ordinary commemorative coins and A currency system with multiple varieties and series including precious metal commemorative coins. In addition to the 1, 2 and 5 cent coins, the first, second and third sets of RMB have been withdrawn from circulation. The RMB currently in circulation is the fourth set of RMB issued by the People's Bank of China since 1987 and the 1999 RMB. In the fifth set of RMB issued, the two sets of RMB were circulated at the same time with equal value. RMB was issued on December 1, 1948. Use ￥ as the code name, and take the first letter of the Chinese pinyin of "yuan" (yuan) in capital letters plus two horizontal strokes. After the issuance, the local currencies issued by the liberated areas were gradually recovered, and all were collected in April 1951. Subsequently, various currencies issued by the Kuomintang government were eliminated through exchange methods. In order to establish an independent and unified RMB market, the state prohibits the circulation of gold, silver, and foreign currencies in the market. After controlling the inflation that has continued since the Anti-Japanese War, in order to maintain the long-term stability of the value of the RMB and eliminate the remnants of inflation, the country has issued new RMB since March 1, 1953, depreciating the currency at the rate of 1 yuan. 10,000 yuan is exchanged, and prices, wages and all debts are also converted at this rate. The denominations of RMB notes include main currencies of 100 yuan, 50 yuan, 10 yuan, 5 yuan, 2 yuan, and 1 yuan, auxiliary currencies of 5 jiao, 2 jiao, 1 jiao, 5 cents, 2 cents, and 1 cent, and 1 yuan and 5 jiao. , 2 dimes, 1 dimes, 5 cents, 2 cents, and 1 cent metal coins. Foreign exchange coupons are bills that are equivalent to the RMB in circulation within a designated range. They ceased circulation on July 1, 1995. On December 2, 1947, Mao Zedong sat on the earthen bed of a farmer's cave in northern Shaanxi and received a telegram from Dong Biwu of the Central Working Committee: "Nan Hanchen has been sent to the Bohai Sea to find Zhang and Deng to discuss specific measures to establish a bank. . The name of the bank is proposed to be the People's Bank of China. If it is possible, please consider complying. The name should be decided early and used when printing banknotes. The working committee has agreed..." After reading it, Mao Zedong handed it to Zhou Enlai, who was sitting across the table.

After Zhou En came to see it, he said: "Nan Hanchen believes that it is imperative to establish a unified bank and currency across the country." Mao Zedong laughed and said: "The situation is really a bit like the Eight-Power Allied Forces entering Beijing. We in Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei use border currency Shanxi, Hebei and Luyu use Jinan coins, Shandong uses Beihai coins, Northeast uses Northeast coins, and Northwest uses Peasant coins. Once they enter Tianjin and Peiping, won't seven or eight currencies be listed together? ! However, is it too early to establish a national unified bank..." Zhou Enlai responded to the telegram according to Mao Zedong's opinion. Dong Biwu received a reply from the central government and immediately called Nan Hanchen and said: "It is a little early to establish a national unified bank, but we must not slacken in preparations. The Working Committee has studied that starting from tomorrow, the Preparatory Office of the People's Bank of China will If you want to sign, you will take the lead as the director of the Preparatory Office." Nan Hanchen said: "The preparations to be done now include collecting all unified currency issuance policies, collecting the issuance index of each liberated area, and preparing sufficient issuance reserves. It is necessary to determine several types of banknotes, the amount and value content of various banknotes, design the banknote pattern, select the paper, etc... Since the central government and Chairman Mao agree with our opinion, the unified bank will be called the People's Bank of China , then our currency is called 'RMB'." Dong Biwu nodded and said: "This name is very good, and it shows the nature of our bank and our currency. , but it must be nationwide and for the people of the whole country!" Nan Hanchen admired Dong Biwu's explanation very shrewdly, so he said: "When the time comes, you will have to write the words "People's Bank of China" on the banknotes! "In late December 1947, the sign of the Preparatory Office of the People's Bank of China was hung in a small farmer's courtyard in Jiayu Village, one mile away from Xibaipo in Pingshan County. In the autumn of 1948, the preparatory office moved to Shijiazhuang, just in time for the bombing by Kuomintang planes. The comrades in the Preparatory Office went to rescue the RMB and other spare materials that were being printed amidst the roaring shrapnel. Nan Hanchen took the lead in carrying and rescuing in the sea of ????fire. No one took into account personal safety. Dong Biwu went to Nan Hanchen one day and said to him: "All the comrades in the Central Working Committee of the RMB ticket design you designed have seen it. A few days ago, I sent a telegram to Chairman Mao and told him that what is printed on the front of the ticket is Chairman Mao's portrait. The Chairman came back with a telegram today and disagreed with the printing of his image on the ticket. The Chairman said that the ticket was issued by the government, not the party, so it cannot be printed on the ticket. I'll talk about it when I become the chairman of the government in the future. Hanchen, take the ticket back and let them redesign it. "So, what kind of pattern should be changed on the ticket?" Nan Hanchen asked. Dong Biwu thought for a while and said: "The RMB is the people's own currency, and it should mainly reflect the industrial and agricultural production of the people in the liberated areas. In addition, there is one more thing to pay special attention to. The RMB is the currency of New China. We are an independent country. Except for the necessary Arabic numerals, the front and back of the ticket are all in Chinese, and cannot be mixed with English words like some currencies." Nan Hanchen went back and told the designers Wang Yijiu and Shen Naiyong, and made adjustments based on Dong Biwu's opinions. The banknotes were redesigned, and some words "People's Bank of China" and the number of money written by Dong Biwu were also carried over. The two designers quickly designed three types of tickets: ten yuan, twenty yuan, and five yuan. All the patterns were of workers and farmers engaged in production. The front of Shi Yuan: on the left is farmers driving, and on the right is the mine field; on the left is farmers leading donkeys carrying goods, and on the right is a train running on the railway; on the right is the front of Wu Shi Yuan: on the left On the side is a donkey well with traffic, and on the right is a coal cart in a coal mine. Even the coupons of one hundred yuan, two hundred yuan, five hundred yuan, one thousand yuan, five thousand yuan and one thousand yuan issued later also followed this structure of industrial and agricultural production. When the second set of RMB was issued in 1953, the person responsible for the design work was the famous painter Luo Gongliu. At the beginning, they followed the Soviet Union's practice of printing Lenin's face on currency, and designed various ticket plates with Chairman Mao's portrait. When Mao Zedong reviewed it, he rejected it again. When it was submitted for review for the second time, Zhou Enlai still proposed some revisions.

It turned out that during the great national unity in Wu Yuan Guan's main scene, someone held up a portrait of Chairman Mao. Zhou Enlai instructed: Chairman Mao's opinion was not to paint his portrait. There are still portraits here, and they should be changed to placards. On the Tiananmen Square in the main scene of the one-yuan coupon, there were originally red flags, lanterns and a portrait of Chairman Mao. Zhou Enlai also ordered that the portrait be removed. In November 1948, after Siye liberated the entire territory of Northeast China, all one million troops marched into the pass and implemented a strategic siege of Tianjin and other places, encircling but not attacking, separating but not encircling. The revolutionary situation developed very rapidly. Faced with this situation, Zhou Enlai called Nan Hanchen and asked him to mobilize all efforts to issue a national unified RMB, otherwise other measures would be taken. According to Zhou Enlai's instructions, Dong Biwu presided over the second political affairs meeting of the North China People's Government on November 18. The central topic was: establishing the People's Bank of China and issuing a unified national currency. At the meeting, Dong Biwu once again asked Nan Hanchen cautiously: "Hanchen, time waits for no one! How are you doing with your preparatory work? Can you hang up the People's Bank of China sign tomorrow?" "I think it's okay. . After more than a year of preparation, all work is in place. The banknotes of 12 denominations have been approved by several leaders of the central government. If the People's Bank of China sign is displayed tomorrow, the banknotes can be issued tomorrow. In order to prepare for our RMB to occupy the market immediately after the liberation of Peiping, our comrades from the Ministry of Urban Affairs have sent people to carry printing plates into Peiping, negotiated with a printing factory there, and secretly printed a batch of banknotes on our behalf when the People's Liberation Army entered. Once the city is established, the RMB will be able to circulate in the market," Nan Hanchen said with confidence. Dong Biwu made the decision immediately: "Okay, let's make it up and announce the establishment of the People's Bank of China immediately!" On December 1, 1948, the North China People's Government posted a notice announcing the establishment of the People's Bank of China and issuing nationwide A unified currency, the renminbi. Comrade Nan Hanchen was appointed as the general manager of the People's Bank of China. On this day, the first batch of RMB with a face value of five yuan was officially issued at the Bank of Pingshan County, Hebei Province; then, RMB with a face value of twenty yuan and ten yuan were issued in Shijiazhuang. Note: The 2-yuan banknotes currently in circulation are being recycled, and the cents have been discontinued.