How to educate children about hygiene?

Even if a mother tells her children over and over again that "children should be hygienic, brush their teeth and rinse their mouths", the children usually shirk everything. Even if everything is ready and put in front of him, he just pulls it casually, which is absolutely perfunctory.

Habits are formed from childhood, so are good habits and bad habits, so parents must cultivate their children's good hygiene habits from an early age. However, it is useless to cultivate children's good hygiene habits by preaching blindly. Using special cases and model demonstrations may have unexpected gains, just like mothers in educational stories, accidental "comparison" plays a very good role.

There are many ways to solve children's unsanitary. As long as parents guide them attentively, lazy and dirty children will become diligent and clean.

1. What good hygiene habits should children develop?

1. No littering or spitting.

2. Brush your teeth and wash your face in the morning and evening; Wash your hands before and after meals, and wash your hands carefully after coming home from outside; Be diligent in cutting your hair and nails; Take a bath frequently and wash your feet more; Wash raw fruits and vegetables.

3. Don't sleep with your head covered: Sleeping with your head covered will lead to an increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the quilt, which will affect the quality of normal breathing and sleep, and cause you to feel listless, headache, dizziness and fatigue when you wake up the next day.

4. Don't sneeze and cough at others: Although sneezing and coughing can clean the respiratory tract, people will spread bacteria when sneezing and coughing, and even spread diseases if they are patients.

5, don't bite the pen when writing and drawing: biting the pen too much will cause lead poisoning in children, and the paint of environmentally friendly pens will also lead to poisoning in children.

6. Change shoes first after going home: Changing clothes and shoes at home can keep indoor hygiene to the maximum extent.

7. Breathe through your nose, and tell your parents to treat your nose when it is stuffy: Breathing through your mouth for a long time will lead to protruding teeth on your child's upper face, and breathing through your mouth will cause air that cannot be purified, heated and humidified, which will be harmful to your lungs, dry your oral mucosa, reduce your disease resistance, and easily lead to oral diseases.

Second, how to cultivate children to form good hygiene habits

(1) Specific measures:

Because children are young, the training methods should be concrete in image and repeated training to form conditioned reflex, so as to achieve the purpose of forming good habits.

1. demonstration method

children like to imitate the behavior of adults, and the good behavior of adults is a concrete, vivid and intuitive demonstration of cultivating children's good hygiene habits. Therefore, parents should set an example, have good hygiene habits, and set an example for their children everywhere in their daily lives.

2. Combination method

Children can be educated by looking at pictures, telling stories, teaching children songs and playing games, so as to achieve the purpose of training.

For example, teach children to sing a nursery rhyme: "Children should remember to dress neatly. Wash your face every day and brush your teeth sooner or later. Wash your hands before and after meals, without fingers. Don't spit everywhere, take your handkerchief with you every day. Everyone loves cleanliness, and everyone stresses hygiene. Develop good habits and everyone likes them. " Then compare the children's songs and let the children talk about what they have done well and what they have not done well enough, so they should pay attention to correcting them in the future.

You can also prepare some unsanitary behavior pictures and use them to educate your children. For example, tell a story to a child: "There is a mother rabbit in the forest. She gave birth to a little rabbit. The rabbit's hair is white, smooth and beautiful. Everyone calls him Xiaoxue. Small animals in the forest like to play with Xiaoxue. Xiaoxue grows up day by day. Mother rabbit loves Xiaoxue very much and follows him with everything. Xiaoxue doesn't wash her hands when eating. She doesn't like to cut her nails. She touches things with her little hands, which makes her nails dark. That's not to mention. She also puts her dirty hands in her mouth. The small animals in the forest saw that Xiaoxue was getting dirty and turned into a little black. Everyone didn't like playing games with it, and Xiaoxue became more and more lonely. But it still didn't get rid of the bad habit of unsanitary. Finally, one day, Xiaoxue's stomach began to hurt, and it got worse and worse. Mother rabbit had no choice but to take her rabbit to the forest hospital. Dr. Woodpecker gave Xiaoxue medicine, and later Xiaoxue pulled out a lot of bugs. From then on, Xiaoxue talked about hygiene, never put her fingers in her mouth again, and she became diligent in washing her hands and cutting her nails. Now the light snow is white again, and the small animals like to play with it again. "

3. Repeated practice method

The formation of brain conditioned reflex needs repeated practice, and the formation of good hygiene habits also needs opportunities for repeated practice. In order to improve children's interest in repeated practice, we can take competitive games and practice and consolidate them in the games.

4. supervision and inspection method

children's self-consciousness, persistence and self-control are poor, so they need to be constantly urged, reminded and inspected, so that their good hygiene habits can be continuously strengthened and their conscious actions can be gradually formed.

For example, parents can work out specific hygiene rules with their children, and they can also post these rules on the wall in the form of slogans, such as washing hands before and after meals, washing fruits, and so on. If you find that your child can't consciously abide by it, you should immediately remind and urge him.

(2) Specific practices:

1. Wash hands and face

Children are curious and often touch this and move that, as if they are interested in everything. In particular, I like to pick up small stones, sticks and pieces of paper on the ground, and I like to play with sand and dirt. As a result, my little hands are often dirty. If you rub your eyes with dirty hands, it is easy to cause eye infection; Eating with dirty hands is easy to cause diarrhea or intestinal parasitic diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate children's habit of washing their hands before and after meals, washing their hands after playing outside, and washing their hands at any time after getting dirty.

Teach children the correct ways to wash their hands: ① Roll up their sleeves, ② Wash their hands and soap; 3 rub your hands; 4 rubbing your hands and back; ⑤ Rub your fingers; ⑥ Wrist rubbing; All landowners rushed; ⑧ ⑧ ⑧; Pet-name ruby wipe your hands (use your own special towel to wipe your hands); Attending to hang up the towel and put down the sleeves. In the process of washing hands, children can be taught some children's songs and songs about washing hands, so that children can wash their hands while singing, which will increase the fun of washing their hands. For example, children can sing the song "Hygiene" while washing their hands (wash their hands, wash their hands every day, children who care about hygiene, wash their hands every day), which is conducive to mobilizing their enthusiasm.

Although your face is not as easy to get dirty as your hands, you should wash it at least once every morning and once every night before going to bed. 7, 8 months ago, the child can't stand, but put him on an adult's knee to wash his face. When a child is nine or ten months old, he can stand up with the help of an adult, and then he can be washed standing. Children aged 2 ~ 3 can be allowed to stand by equipment suitable for their height, practice washing their hands and faces with soap and water by themselves, and install the hook for hanging towels where he can get it.

The water temperature for children to wash their hands and faces should not be too hot, and it should be roughly similar to their body temperature. Adults should be gentle when helping to wash, and don't get water or soap into children's eyes, ears, mouth and nose. When washing, adults can talk to him while asking children to cooperate, such as reaching out, closing their eyes and shutting up. Adults should tell him the correct way to wash hands and face in advance, and remind children not to play with water. When the child is one and a half years old, his movements are more flexible. Besides the middle part of washing his face, he should also be taught to wash his cheeks, forehead, chin, ears and neck. Washing your hands not only washes your heart, but also washes the back of your hand, fingers and wrists. Children should also be taught how to wring towels and dry their hands and faces.

In addition, adults should also pay attention that children should use a set of towels, washbasins and other utensils alone. Soap is less alkaline, and neutral soap is the best. Don't prepare unnecessary cosmetics for children. In order to protect the skin in winter, you can apply oil slightly.

2. gargle and brush your teeth

Generally speaking, children can start to learn to gargle by themselves at the age of 2 months. Parents can guide their children to look in the mirror with their mouths open after meals, or watch each other with their parents, so that they can see the food residue between their teeth and their mouths. At this time, parents can aim at the characteristics of children's imitation at this stage, and let him imitate mouthwash. Prepare two and a half cups of water (boiled water is best, not raw water, because children don't know how to spit it out at first). Parents take a sip of water and spit it in the basin, and the children imitate it. In this way, I will take a bite and you will guide the child. When the child is familiar with it, the mother will teach him to put water in his mouth, shut up, encourage the cheek gang, gargle loudly, and then spit out the water in his mouth, repeating the action 3 ~ 4 times each time. After gargling, wipe the water drops from your mouth with a towel or handkerchief. Let the child open his mouth again and look in the mirror, and you can find that there is little or no food residue in his mouth. When a child learns to gargle at first, he is only required to gargle after meals and gargle with salt water in the morning.

Children can start brushing their teeth when they are about 3 years old, because by this time, all their 2 deciduous teeth have come out. Parents can teach their children how to brush their teeth on the basis of learning to gargle. At first, let the children hold the toothbrush, practice the action of "turning the wrist" and imitate the brushing action with their bare hands. Be careful not to let children use children's toothpaste before they learn to brush their teeth, in case they smell toothpaste they don't like and refuse to learn to brush their teeth. Parents take their children to brush their teeth together, and demonstrate the action first:

Step 1: Hold the cup in one hand, lean forward and turn your wrist with the toothbrush in the other;

step 2: brush your teeth. The method of brushing teeth is to brush vertically instead of horizontally, brush up and down between teeth, brush down the upper teeth, brush up the lower teeth, brush back and forth on the bite surface, and brush clean inside and out;

Step 3: Wash the toothbrush. Brush your teeth for 3 minutes each time, once in the morning and once in the evening. When children learn to brush their teeth, parents can let their children brush their teeth with children's songs to improve their interest in learning, and pay attention to encouraging and praising them often.

Warm water for brushing teeth can greatly reduce the stimulation of cold and heat, protect teeth and reduce the occurrence of dental diseases, especially for children suffering from tooth allergy, dental caries, periodontitis, oral ulcer, glossitis and pharyngolaryngitis. When the child gradually gets used to brushing his teeth twice every morning and evening, he can start to try to brush his teeth with toothpaste. Note that when brushing your teeth with toothpaste, rinse the toothpaste foam in your mouth with water.

3. Take a bath and wash your feet

To make children like taking a bath, first of all, let him feel that taking a bath is comfortable and refreshing, and that taking a bath is a happy thing. Secondly, the temperature of the bath water should be appropriate. Too hot or too cold can easily make children feel uncomfortable, and even because of the stimulation of water on the skin, they are afraid of water, thus rejecting bathing. Thirdly, when you bathe your child, you should move gently and clean his skin with a special bath. In addition, parents should also pay attention to whether the bathtub (bathtub) and the ground are slippery to prevent children from slipping and falling.

Happiness is the baby's principle, so it is necessary to make the baby's bath a happy thing. Half an hour before taking a bath, it is best to let the children play quiet games. If children are too excited, they will be unwilling to take a bath because they are immersed in the game. When taking a bath, parents can tell their children stories or play water games with them while taking a bath, so that children can relax and gradually get used to and like the feeling of bathing in water.

3-and 4-year-old children should learn to wipe their chests, arms and legs with towels or hands when taking a bath.

Let children get into the habit of washing their feet before going to bed. Parents can first explain to their children the truth of washing feet and soaking feet with warm water: because there are many acupuncture points on the feet, these acupuncture points are connected with different parts of the human body. Washing feet and soaking feet with warm water every night can relieve fatigue, promote blood circulation, and prevent colds if you pay attention to massaging acupuncture points when washing feet. Then teach the children the correct way to wash and soak their feet.

4. Haircut and manicure frequently

Children's hair should be neat and generous. Long nails are unsanitary and easy to scratch the skin. Children should be trimmed regularly, and parents of older children should teach them to trim themselves. However, it should not be cut too short, so as to avoid the pain caused by rubbing the skin at the tip of the fingertips when the child uses his hands.

For those children who don't like to cut their nails, have fingernail stains and are used to sucking their fingers, if possible, parents can find a microscope, dig some fingernail stains and put them on the glass, add a drop of water, and put them under the microscope to let them see the bacteria on their hands swimming in the water. This will impress the child deeply: there are so many bacteria hidden under the fingernails, and if they are eaten in the stomach, the bacteria will bring many diseases to the body.

5. Wipe your nose

When adults wipe your nose for young children, they should do it lightly, so as not to cause children's disgust.

In daily life, many children let their mothers wipe their noses if they don't wipe them themselves. Parents should teach their children how to wipe their noses. When wiping their noses, remind them not to use their hands or sleeves, but to wipe them with handkerchiefs. Children at the age of two or three should learn to wipe their noses with handkerchiefs.

6. No littering, no spitting, no defecation

A person who really cares about hygiene will pay attention to all kinds of small details. Parents should pay attention to the details of their children's education and cultivate their children to develop good public health habits. Some children never litter at home, they forget it as soon as they go out, and they just throw it away. Parents can prepare a plastic bag for their children and let them carry it with them so that they can put garbage in it. When there is phlegm in the throat, educate your child not to spit everywhere. It is best to spit on paper and then throw it in the garbage bin.

Third, the problems that should be paid attention to when cultivating children's hygiene habits:

1. Parents should pay attention to their own educational methods

Family members must have the same requirements and education for their children, so as not to cause children to behave differently; Children's resistance psychology should be guided positively, not forced to order; The cultivation of good hygiene habits is not a one-off event, but a long-term process. Parents should not be eager to achieve success, but persevere to get good results.

2. Make children understand the importance of hygiene.

If children don't understand the truth of hygiene, it will be difficult for them to really talk about hygiene. He will mistakenly think that hygiene is for someone, such as: my mother often supervises me to brush my teeth, wash my face, wash my hands, etc. When my mother sees it, I will do as my mother says. If my mother is not around, I can not brush my teeth or wash my face ... Many. Therefore, to help children form good hygiene habits, they must be made to understand the truth about hygiene.

3. Cultivating children's good hygiene habits should be moderate

Some parents overemphasize children's hygiene problems. After the child is two years old, parents will urge the child to wash his hands, wash his face, brush his teeth and tidy up things. However, some parents are too strict with their children and pay special attention to cleanliness. They will overemphasize the importance of hygiene and force the child to wash his hands repeatedly, don't touch dirty things, change clothes immediately when they are dirty, and use special tableware and regular disinfection. This attitude and practice will give children a strong hint. As a result, children will change their clothes when they are slightly dirty, wipe their mouths repeatedly with handkerchiefs when eating, and wipe their exercise books hard when they are a little dirty ... which will gradually cause children to form cleanliness addiction. Cleanliness addiction will not only cause children to form serious obstacles in dealing with people and contacting society, but also affect the development of children's healthy personality, and more seriously may develop into compulsive card.