Who knows the beautiful forests in Daxinganling? Complete! Text with pictures is the best! ! !

Daxinganling is the northernmost and highest latitude region in China. With a total area of 84,600 square kilometers and a total population of 540,000, the border line is 79 1.5 kilometers long and faces the Russian Federation across the river.

Daxinganling is one of the important primitive forest areas in China. The forest stock is 50 1 100 million cubic meters. It accounts for 7.8% of the national total stock, and there are many wild animals and plants in the forest area. There are 330 kinds of wild animals here, and the specialties such as auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, mushrooms, Tricholoma matsutake, red beans and Rosa davurica are very popular. There are more than 250 kinds of medicinal plants, and valuable aquatic products include otter, mink, mandarin fish and Maha.

Daxinganling has picturesque mountains and rivers, beautiful ice and snow scenery, and the most famous tourist resort, Heilongjiang, has a spectacular source. Along the scenery on both sides of the strait, green waters and green mountains are beautiful. You can also enjoy exotic customs in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Mohe Village, located in the northernmost part of the motherland, is the "Arctic Village" that the world yearns for. Around the summer solstice, you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of "no night" and see the strange style of the Northern Lights. Huzhong Nature Reserve shows the charm of virgin forest. 4.5km west of Jiagedaqi, there is Brewmaster Cave, the old city grottoes where Xianbei ancestors lived the earliest, which is a national first-class protected cultural relic. There are also ancient human sites and castles in this area, the ancient battlefield of the jaxa war between China and Russia. Daxinganling has a unique advantage of opening to the outside world. Mohe and Huma are first-class passenger and cargo ports, and the radiation area of trade with Russia can reach more than 4 million square kilometers. Daxinganling has convenient transportation, Nenjiang Railway runs through the whole territory, railway buses can go directly to Harbin, Tianjin and Beijing, and expressways are spread all over urban and rural areas.

Posts and telecommunications have realized digital long-distance telecommunication transmission and telephone program control in the whole city. The 850 km optical cable connects 42 township forest farms in three counties, four districts and four forestry bureaus in the whole region. The wireless paging system with remote paging function and a 900 MHz mobile phone can automatically roam with some cities inside and outside the province. A communication network extending in all directions is formed by means of a large-capacity, high-speed and high-performance interchange network with complementary wired and wireless, air and ground simultaneously.

Daxinganling is located in the northern part of the motherland and is known as the "emerald" on the golden comb. The unique location advantage endows it with unparalleled characteristic tourism resources. There is Heilongjiang, the northernmost border river in China, and the downstream can enjoy the beautiful scenery and exotic customs on both sides of the river. This is the northernmost village-Arctic Village. Standing in the North Pole of China, you can feel the height of the polar region and the vastness of China. There is the northernmost cold temperate virgin forest here. In the flowers and birds of pine and cypress, you can feel the wonderful artistic conception of "boundless forest, boundless forest, uprooting pine and cypress" left by the famous historian Mr. Jane Bozan.

Daxinganling is a place where ancient civilization was born. Historically, it was the birthplace of five ethnic minorities and the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago. The long river of history has precipitated the footprints of ancestors' entrepreneurship. The "Gaxian Cave" records the history of Xianbei people's struggle with nature, the "rouge ditch" tells the hardships of yesterday's gold diggers, the "jaxa ancient battlefield" seems to be filled with smoke, and the horseshoe sound of the "Golden Ancient Post Station" seems to be in the ear ... The Oroqen hunting nation of "one man, one horse and one gun" still maintains its quaint folk customs.

Far from the hustle and bustle of the metropolis, Daxinganling still preserves the original natural scenery. In summer, clear water, green hills, blue sky and pine forests merge into a quiet and distant natural beauty; In winter, Xing 'an and Wan Li are decorated with snow and transparent glaciers. In spring, azaleas are in full bloom all over the mountains, bringing the unique breath of spring in the north; In autumn, pine, poplar, willow and birch decorate the vast mountains with colorful colors. The scenery here is very impressive all year round, and you will definitely linger in nature. Every summer, around the day, you can also experience the phenomenon of daytime, and have a chance to see the strange style of "Northern Lights".

Daxinganling is known as the "green treasure house". There are more than 300 kinds of rare birds and animals such as black bear, red deer, roe deer and flying birds, and 1000 kinds of wild plants. Wild Chinese herbal medicines such as Radix Astragali, Radix Rhodiolae and Boschniakia are rich in resources and have broad development prospects. Sweet and delicious drinks brewed by wild berries such as Vaccinium uliginosum and persimmon, edible fungi such as auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus and mushrooms, and wild vegetables such as bracken and chrysanthemum morifolium have already become delicious dishes on the table of thousands of families.

In recent years, relying on the national policy of "natural forest protection" project, western development, construction of ecological demonstration areas and revitalization of old industrial bases, Daxing 'anling has highlighted the overall positioning of "eco-tourism", giving full play to the tourism advantages of natural state, cold ice and snow, winding rivers and magical phenomena, and accelerating the development of tourism. At present, direct passenger trains and air routes to major large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shenyang, Dalian and Harbin have been opened, and high-grade tourist highways running through the capital Jiagedaqi to Arctic Village have been opened to traffic. Mohe Airport will also be completed next year. Star hotels and various family hotels are all over the area. Orientation tour, ice and snow tour, You Jiang tour, go on road trip tour, summer vacation tour, amorous feelings tour, hunting tour and conference tour, together with the annual "Northern Lights Festival in Daxing 'anling, China", attract guests from all over the world and gather tourists from all directions.

In 2004, we took the 40th anniversary of the development and construction of Daxinganling as an opportunity to increase the development and construction of tourism infrastructure, scenic spots and tourism projects. We sincerely welcome domestic and foreign capital to invest in forest tourism and various undertakings. Various tourism carrier activities, such as Arctic Summer Solstice Festival, Ice and Snow Festival, Winter Swimming Challenge, Ice and Snow Car Challenge at the Source of Heilongjiang River between China and Russia, Xing 'an Rhododendron Flower Festival and Heilongjiang International Ski Festival, will promote the tourism industry here to a better tomorrow.

The flood has just receded and people are waking up from their worries. As the flood recedes, not only the victims ravaged by the flood have deep pain on their skin, but also indelible memories in their hearts, and the achievements of the heroes who fought the flood have left an unforgettable impression on the public.

Why is it possible for a flood with mud and sand to engulf the valley and drown Pingchuan? When will the flood that plunged people into despair come back? It seems that more and more people have no time to think about these heavy topics, and suddenly they are caught in daily life entangled by various desires and interests.

This time, people used the grand word "once in a hundred years" to describe the flood, describing its fierceness, large amount of water and deep disaster. People accepted this reality and accepted this inference, inadvertently blaming the curse on the cyclical climate cycle. "Once in a hundred years" is a long time. If so, this unexpected flood will be pushed into history. History is a past tense, and it is also a world held up by many arms. Generally speaking, it is a time series composed of large and small events, and no one is responsible for it. Today is for reference only.

Why did the flood come?

When it comes to the puzzling causes of flooding, people probably just think of some strange terms, such as "El Nino" and "La Nina", and these abnormal climate phenomena named after magical legends such as "El Nino". Of course, there are technical terms such as greenhouse effect, global temperature rise and frequent monsoon rainfall. However, no matter how you recite these new terms, they are still so strange and distant. They seem to be purely natural phenomena, which have no direct connection with our reality and the behavior of each of us.

Let's take a look at Nenjiang River in northern China, which was once stable and quiet.

The water of Nenjiang River originates from Daxing 'anling and once dense mountains.

Today's Daxing 'anling Mountains have every reason to be the focus of attention. It was silent for a long time and endured for a long time. It should be said that in all kinds of helplessness, it has shown some leading force. Perhaps at the moment when the flash floods approached, people had to look far away, tracing back to the roaring Nenjiang River and overlooking the mountains. What the hell happened there? Why did it become so strange in one day? Perhaps people will think at the critical moment that the declining Shan Ye is not showing a distorted and damaged image? People with discerning eyes find that helplessness and pain are obviously revealed in the image. At this moment, people should more or less realize that it is the only one that tenaciously supports the lifeline of the ecological environment in such a vast area and in the whole land of northern China.

This is a rule, as the surging waves of the flood surface.

It should be said that as early as the beginning of Archean, due to the powerful action of the crust and core, the orogeny lasted for hundreds of millions of years, which made the originally barren and gravel-covered land, accompanied by long yellow sand, as wild as the moon, slowly uplift and then uplift. During this period, it experienced numerous impacts, fractures, capsizing and numerous declines. When it stood tall with the majestic momentum of the northern plateau, everything changed, and it became a barrier for the humid monsoon in the Sea of Okhotsk and the South Pacific to move eastward and northward. As a result, the air mass was blocked, so that a thin layer of green vegetation grew in the process of evolution for hundreds of millions of years, just like the delicate skin of a girl. For animal groups and plant communities, this is the source of regenerative life. In a short time, a large area of forests appeared and rivers were born. Even the endless desert on the west side of Daxing 'anling Mountain is clothed with green clothes because of rebirth, and it is fortunate to be called Hulunbeier Grassland by later generations-"a green pure land". A new ecological environment has been perfected in hundreds of millions of years of evolution. This ecological environment based on Daxinganling is self-shaped and self-contained. It generously irrigates the Songnen Plain with rainwater, and pours continuous rain and dew on the Hulunbeier Plateau, making it lush and vibrant for thousands of years. Forest-grassland-hilly-plain has formed an ecological alliance of interdependence, interdependence and sharing weal and woe.

This is an ecological barrier composed of forests and grasslands, a real nature, its interaction, its sense of wholeness, its surface layer attached to the ground, its three-dimensional effect on the climate, and its fragility in front of human "natural enemies" (as far as the present tense is concerned, some people hold the view of conquering nature and wantonly ravaging the natural environment) (the thin surface layer of plants is used to cover all the black soil in the valley, and there are many places everywhere).

Daxinganling, located in the northernmost part of China, occupies a special geographical position in the cold temperate zone. Its vastness and broadness are beyond the imagination of people living in 1998. The original Daxing 'anling is connected with Xiaoxing 'anling in the east and at the foot of the ancient Great Wall thousands of miles away in the south. It is a long green dragon, from north to south and from east to west in the north of China. What a spectacular sight it used to be. Long dragons flying, full of green, full of vitality.

Regrettably, history has not left us a written record about the dismemberment and beheading of Daxinganling. Contemporary people mistakenly think that Daxinganling, huddled in the northern corner of China, still maintains its original profile. This is not the case in history. According to the life course of Daxing 'anling, it became emaciated, atrophied and aged prematurely ... After thousands of years of vicissitudes, it retreated to the birthplace of Nenjiang River System, Ergon River System and other rivers. It has become a parasitic ground for surplus trees, and modern people only estimate the value of these trees by wood storage.

At present, only a plane map with different color blocks gives us a useful hint: undoubtedly, the smoke from cooking fires forced the Daxinganling forest to retreat far away in the long night; However, deserts and quicksand, as well as hastily left dry river beds and withered streams, are closely following the retreat of Daxinganling. This is not an exaggeration. Anyone who climbs the Great Wall and looks north will find only the bare mountains, the chilling sight of the forest retreating and the approaching sandstorm.

Speaking of the smoke of human activities, we can ask a rhetorical question here: Why did the northernmost part of China leave such a big "green castle" in its long history? Is it really cold here? Isn't it the birthplace of Zhalainuoer, Shiwei, Donghu and Xianbei Tuoba tribes? Isn't this the hometown where the Khitans, Jurchen, Mongols, Ewenki, Daur and Oroqen have lived for a long time? History cannot be changed. Daxinganling is indeed the cradle of ethnic growth in northern China. From that ancient time, it used to be full of smoke and the sound of hooves ... but the early residents living in Daxing' anling, with their frugal but not destructive lifestyle, unconsciously followed the natural law of mountain survival. It is a natural law that is ignored and despised by modern people, but understood by the ancients. The French historian Fernand Braudel brilliantly expounded this law in his book The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II: "Mountainous areas are often overpopulated, or at least overpopulated by their wealth. In mountainous areas, the "optimal population density" was quickly reached and exceeded. Therefore, mountainous areas must regularly dump too many people into the plains. " It seems that the early residents living in Daxinganling were like this, the Shiwei tribe was like this, and the Donghu people were like this. They chose different directions and migrated to both sides of Daxing 'anling Mountains. The wise Tuoba Xianbei tribe bid farewell to the hinterland of the forest with a clear consciousness, advanced into the inland plain and settled in the Central Plains. This is a wise move. In those long years, after the flowing migration and long silence, Daxing 'anling was calm and rested, perhaps for a hundred years. Perhaps it can be said that this is the silent Daxinganling to remind the early residents of the survival premise, is a silent contract. Our ancestors understood and took action. In the unconscious actions of our ancestors, it is not the second Taklimakan desert that is left to our descendants, but endless forests and oases, full of lush green, clean air and abundant water sources. Anyway, we should be grateful to Dade. We are the legal heirs of this natural heritage, and we are also some sober and some confused beneficiaries.

Let's get closer to our point of view and see what changes have taken place in Daxinganling in the past 100 years.

There is no doubt that this is a painful period. Daxinganling suffered more losses during this period than in any previous century. During this period, it was plundered by foreign aggression. Today, people can still find the half-man-high stumps cut down by Russian and Japanese invaders and the cut mountains on both sides of the railway from the remains of the Middle East railway. It was a cruel year, and the greedy appetite and the madness of the invaders dominated the beginning of the century. Daxinganling is scarred, but it is a moment in the long river of history.

Over the past 50 years, everything that has happened in Daxinganling deserves serious consideration. During this period, Daxinganling was fortunate to be accompanied by a new country, which was a unique experience in his life. People have talked too much about the political groundbreaking and the urgency of developing the economy in this historical period, and the public has long been familiar with it. As a result, the overwhelming power of public opinion was formed, so that people once exploited and cut down endlessly in the field of environmental development in a legal and unreasonable way, and regarded the conquest of nature as the greatest glory. The banner of developing economy and speeding up modernization covers up the neglect of the ecological environment in the decision-making process and the continuous deterioration of the natural ecological environment caused by the low management level of some institutions. During this period, Daxinganling paid too much (it should be said that it has exhausted 3/5 of the available resources), and its contribution far exceeded the limit it could bear.

In a word, in the past few decades, when more than 1 100 million cubic meters of finished wood was continuously transported out of the forest area, it generally meant that twice as many trees disappeared. Part of the reason is the backward log operation and low-level resource management at the expense of resources; In addition, millions of permanent residents gather in this cold zone covered by a long winter, resulting in a lot of wood consumption in daily life. As for the hundreds of thousands of immigrants who suddenly poured into the foothills of the eastern Daxing 'anling Mountains in the late 1960s, they dug pits to build houses, cut wood and burn firewood, and opened up wasteland to open up mountains, which brought relentless population and environmental pressures.

In this short period of time, the forested land in Daxing 'anling decreased sharply, the forest canopy density decreased sharply, the sparse forest area increased greatly and the forest area shrank year by year. Faced with this situation, people turn a deaf ear and turn a blind eye. From the 1970s, this bad situation continued into the 1980s and 1990s ... people didn't seem to care about the inevitable consequences of ecological environment changes.

In particular, during this period, both decision makers and producers lacked the necessary preparations for developing future-oriented ecological agriculture in ecological barrier areas. However, ancient mountain agriculture, which has always been based on the extinction of natural vegetation, and its potential damage to the ecological environment have not attracted enough attention.

Surprisingly, due to the rising prices of agricultural products, there was a sudden upsurge of land reclamation in the early 1980 s, and its fanaticism and urgency were reminiscent of the gold rush in California. Almost overnight, people began to destroy natural vegetation on a large scale and irregularly in the upper reaches of Nenjiang River at the eastern foot of Daxing 'anling, the transitional zone between forest and grass on the west side of Daxing 'anling and the Hulunbeier grassland valley on the west side of Daxing 'anling, which was devastated for a time. So that one day, foreign friends who care about this ecological barrier found pieces of black stains from satellite data and exclaimed: What happened to Hulunbeier grassland?

Almost returned to the era of horse racing. The ecological barrier left by ancestors to future generations has suddenly become a racecourse for power players and capital possessors. Graffiti works of power manipulators-those with personal surnames written in black and white-have replaced majestic laws and regulations, and laws and regulations have become decorative balloons floating in the air. Some people are reclaiming land on steep slopes; Some people are clearing land in the sparse forest; Someone is reclaiming land in the sand; Some people also cultivate land on the grass by the river ... naturally, some people will ask, are those resource management institutions dormant or trapped in their accomplices' caves?

The sequela of ecological environment change is approaching. In just a few years, the forest humidity in Daxinganling has decreased, the wind speed has increased and fires have occurred frequently. The eastern foot of Daxing 'anling Mountain has been dry for many years, and hail and frost came unexpectedly. Sandstorms have occurred in the forest-grass transition zone on the west side of Daxing 'anling for three consecutive years. Hulunbeier grassland lacks snow in winter and rain in summer for many years, which leads to the degradation of the western region year by year; The Yimin River (a tributary of the upper reaches of Ergon), which originated in the hinterland of Daxing 'anling Mountains, was cut off in the early spring of 1998 when it passed the intersection of the east side of Hulunbeier Grassland and Hailaer River. Remember, there has been abundant rainfall since ancient times, and it is a land rich in rivers and water!

The dissociation of ecological specific pathogens with Daxinganling as the main body was eroded, and the self-regulation ability was weakened. Climate disorder has become so obvious that experts don't need to explain it to people.

Having said that, it can be said with certainty that it is inevitable that the continuous rainstorm will bring millions of tons of soil and sand down in the source area of Nenjiang River system, which has become bare, and instantly devour human homes.

In a sense, the midsummer flood of 1998 is a "seed" that we inadvertently sow and a heavy "harvest" that we must face.

The author's warning that the Earth is on the brink of imbalance deserves our consideration: "As individuals, each of us must become more responsible, and we must examine our own thoughts, habits and behaviors with a harsh eye, which reflects-and leads to-this serious crisis."

When we resent the relentless flood, we should deeply reflect on ourselves, on our disgraceful past, on the stupid ideas hidden in our minds, on our self-centered attitude towards nature, and on our behaviors that contradict and conflict with our long-term interests. In a word, we should pay more attention to and care for nature than ever before.

As early as 1939, French historian René Grousset pointed out with great anxiety in his book Grassland Empire: "In the north, the longitudinal grassland of Eurasia is directly connected with the Arctic forest dominated by Siberian climate, including the northern border of Russia, central Siberia and even Mongolia and Manchuria. In the middle of it, there are three desertification centers that are gradually becoming barren: the Qom desert in Koetsier in the middle of the river (outside Wuhu River) and the Harakum desert south of Amu Darya; Tarim river surrounds the Taklimakan desert in the basin; Finally, the Gobi Desert, a vast area extending from southwest to northeast, is connected with Taklimakan Desert in Lop Nur and extends to Inner Xing 'an Mountains on the border of Manzhouli. There, the three deserts nibbled at the grassland just like the spread of cancer, and they never stopped nibbling at the latter from the primitive history. "

This is a warning from historians.

Whether people want to admit it or not, Daxinganling forest, Hulunbeier grassland and vast desert are only one step away, which is an unchangeable geological structure. It can also be said that the prairie that people are proud of is just an oasis in the desert. This is also the epitome of human life on this planet. Since remote ecological barrier areas are facing such a crisis, there is no need to repeat the difficulties faced by those areas with declining ecological environment.

I remember an official in charge of forestry once said:

"I can't live well at the moment, can I manage my grandson?"

This sentence sounds really scary.

What should we do after the flood? This is a new subject worthy of our serious consideration. As a decision-maker, it is necessary to reflect on the previous economic development strategy and make a prudent and balanced grasp in maintaining a good ecological environment, alleviating population pressure and seeking the speed of economic development. Those acts of quick success and instant benefit at the expense of the ecological environment are really a sin for our future. As a decision-maker, it is necessary to list the ecological barrier area as an ecological strategic area for special protection. In this strategic field that affects the overall situation and concerns the future, it is undoubtedly necessary to regard ecological effect as the foundation and foundation of economic development, as an important frame of reference and as a long-term goal of social development. And every individual with independent thinking ability urgently needs to establish a brand-new and future-oriented ecological environment value. Generally speaking, it is an unshirkable responsibility to start from ourselves and cherish every tree and every green vegetation.

In this sense, the future of mankind, our tomorrow, is in our own hands, and the fate of our descendants will also be determined by our actions.

This flood reminds us that we should learn the necessary ecological wisdom from past lessons.