Zhu Ziqing's Literary Common Sense

Zhu Ziqing (1898165438+1October 22 ~1August 948 12) was originally named Zhu Zihua, and later changed to Zhu Ziqing, whose name was Qiushi, whose name was Pei County. Modern famous essayist, poet, scholar and democracy fighter, originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was born in Haizhou, Jiangsu Province (now Lianyungang City), and later settled in Yangzhou with his grandfather and father. 1898 1 1 was born in Donghai, Jiangsu. 1920 graduated from philosophy department of Peking University. 1925 application for teaching in Tsinghua. For a long time, he served as the head of the literature department in China, Tsinghua University. 1948 died in Beijing.

Yangzhou is a famous cultural city with beautiful scenery, with lakes and mountains and pleasant scenery. Many poets, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo and Ouyang Xiu, have been lingering here, seeking seclusion and success, and have written many magnificent poems. Yangzhou is also a heroic historical city. In the history of resisting foreign aggression, it has written countless brilliant chapters and left many touching stories. The beautiful scenery and rich cultural atmosphere of the ancient city virtually cultivated the temperament of young Zhu Ziqing, and cultivated his peaceful and upright character and interest in natural beauty. The beautiful landscape of Yangzhou, like rain and dew, moistens his heart, nourishes his feelings, enriches his imagination and makes his feelings full of poetry and painting forever. Yangzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, had a subtle and far-reaching influence on him.

There are 26 kinds of Zhu Ziqing's works, * * about 1.9 million words, including poetry, prose, literary criticism, academic research and so on. Most of the income is four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six complete works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River under the Shadows of Paddles and Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s collection of essays "Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. Representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Government Massacre. Second, a number of essays, represented by figures, children and bereaved women, mainly describe personal and family life, showing the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, with strong human feelings. Thirdly, a group of lyric sketches with natural scenery as the theme, such as Green, Spring, Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.

Zhu Ziqing was born on the ninth day of October in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898165438+1October 22nd) and died in August of 1948 12. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Because three generations all settled in Yangzhou, graduated from Jiangsu No.8 Middle School in Yangzhou at that time and worked as teachers in Yangzhou, they called themselves "Yangzhou people". He is a famous writer and scholar in modern times. Zhu Ziqing's grandfather, Zhu Zeyu, whose real name was Yu, changed his surname because he inherited the Zhujiajian family. Being cautious, he served as a judge in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty 10 for more than 0 years. My father's name is Hong Jun, and his word is Xiaopo. He married Zhou and is a scholar. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), Hongjun Zhu went from the East China Sea to Shaobo Town, belonging to Yangzhou Prefecture. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou.

Zhu Ziqing lived in Yangzhou for 13 years and spent his childhood and adolescence in Yangzhou. His feelings about life in this ancient city are subtle and complicated. Perhaps life is too monotonous, so he later said that there is only a "thin shadow" left in his childhood memory, "just like being washed away by the flood, it is shocking to be lonely!" However, in the long and tortuous journey of life, childhood is the first "post station" after all.

19 16 After graduating from high school, Zhu Ziqing was admitted to Peking University Preparatory College. Go to sleep, little man. 19 19 was written in February. It was his first poem. He was a participant in the May 4th patriotic movement and embarked on the literary road under the influence of the May 4th wave. Mao Zedong once praised Zhu Ziqing's backbone, saying that he was "seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive American' relief food'".

65438-0920 After graduating from the Philosophy Department of Peking University, he taught middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and took an active part in the New Literature Movement. Poetry Magazine was founded by Yu Pingbo and others in 1922, and it was the earliest poetry publication in the birth period of new poetry. He is a member of the early literature research society.

The long poem "Sinking" was published in 1923. At this time, he also wrote beautiful essays such as "Paddle Shadows and Lights Shadow Qinhuai River".

1August, 925, taught in Tsinghua University and began to study China's classical literature. The creation is mainly prose.

1927 wrote "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" which are well-known masterpieces, among which "The Back" was included in the Chinese textbook of Senior One. Moonlight on the Lotus Pond was included in the compulsory course of Chinese in Grade One of Senior High School, and it has been used ever since. 193 1 year, he studied in Britain and roamed Europe. After returning home, he wrote some miscellaneous notes about Europe.

1September, 932, director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University.

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out 1937, moved south to Kunming with the school, and served as a professor at National Southwest Associated University, teaching courses such as Song poetry and literary studies. During this period, I wrote the semantic shadow of prose.

1946 returned to Beijing from Kunming as the director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University.

1947, Zhu Ziqing signed the declaration of thirteen professors. Protest against the arbitrary arrest of the masses by the authorities. Zhu Ziqing suffered from a serious stomach trouble in his later years. His monthly salary is only enough to buy three bags of flour, which is not enough for his family 12, and he has no money to treat diseases. At that time, the Kuomintang colluded with the United States to launch a civil war, and the United States implemented a policy of aiding Japan. One day, Wu Han asked Zhu Ziqing to sign the declaration of "Protesting American aid policy to Japan and refusing to accept American aid flour". He resolutely signed his name and said, "I would rather die of poverty and illness than accept such insulting charity." In August of this year (1948) and 12, Zhu Ziqing was poor and died in Beijing. Before he died, he told his wife, "I signed a document rejecting American flour, and our family will never buy American flour rationed by the Kuomintang again." Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than accept "relief food" from the United States, which showed the backbone of China people. After Zhu Ziqing's death, he was buried in Wan 'an Cemetery near Xiangshan, and the words "Tsinghua University Professor Zhu Ziqing's Tomb" were engraved on the tombstone. "1990, his wife Chen Zhuyin died and was buried with her husband.

Zhu Ziqing embarked on the road of literature and was first famous for his poems. Published a long poem "Destruction" and some short poems, which were included in Snow Dynasty and Traces. Since the mid-1920s, he has devoted himself to the creation of prose, including the collection of essays "The Back", "European Miscellanies", "You and Me" and "London Miscellanies", as well as the collection of essays "Standards and Measurement" and "Appreciation of Elegance and Vulgarity". His prose includes landscape writing, travel notes, lyric poetry and prose. First of all, he wrote beautiful scenery with meticulous and beautiful "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", showing the achievements of vernacular literature; Following the sentimental works such as The Back, Children and For the Dead Wife, he set up a model of "conversational" prose with strong literariness and naturalness. Finally, the mixed feelings of poets, scholars and fighters are unified with subtle language and interesting reasons. He contributed to the construction of the concise, lyrical and natural style of modern prose. As a scholar, Zhu Ziqing has made great achievements in poetry theory, classical literature, the history of new literature and Chinese education. He is the author of Essays on New Poems, Arguments on Poems' Expression and Intention, Frequently Talking about Classics, Chinese Teaching (co-authored with Ye Shengtao) and Outline of China New Literature Research Lectures, etc. His works were included in The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Jiangsu Education Press). Zhu Ziqing worked hard all his life. There are 26 kinds of poems, essays, reviews and academic research works, with more than two million words. His posthumous works were compiled into Selected Works of Zhu Ziqing and Poems of Zhu Ziqing.

Zhu Ziqing's Prose

Among his essays, the lyrical essays with high artistic achievements are Back, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and Green, which are included in the collections of Back, You and Me. Zhu Ziqing's prose is not only good at description, but also achieves the artistic realm of scene blending in description.

His landscape prose occupies an important position in the creation of modern literary prose, and his technique of describing landscape in vernacular Chinese is the most attractive. For example, in "Green", the quality and color of plum rain pool Waterfall are described delicately and profoundly by means of metaphor and contrast, and the writing style is deliberately demanding, showing superb skills in controlling language and writing.

His superb writing skills are vividly displayed in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. For example, when describing the beauty of lotus in the moonlight, the author compares it to a pearl, a star in the blue sky and a beauty bathed in it; When describing the delicate fragrance of lotus flowers, use the phrase "like a faint song floating from a distant building" to compare the delicate fragrance to a song and a faint fragrance. This synaesthesia technique is accurate and wonderful.

Compared with the above gorgeous metaphor, Zhu Ziqing also has another language style of prose, that is, expressing sincere and deep feelings in simple narration with plain language. This kind of works can often show the author's integrity, enthusiasm and enterprising spirit, such as "The Price of Life-70 cents" and "White Man-God's Favorite! They are all masterpieces of this style, and the most influential one is back. This article depicts a farewell picture of a father and son at the station. In this paper, the action of my father climbing onto the platform is described in plain words, and the true feelings between father and son are conveyed in funny and clumsy actions. This essay washes away his old lead, and through his father's every move, the reader seems to see the author's bleak family background.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the work

Introduction of works

Zhu Ziqing was diligent all his life, with 26 kinds of poems, comments and academic research works, with more than two million words. Most of the income is four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six complete works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River under the Shadows of Paddles and Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s collection of essays "Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. Representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Government Massacre. The second is a group of essays represented by Back, Children, Regret for the Past and Spring, which mainly describe personal and family life, show the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, and have a strong human touch. Thirdly, a number of lyrical sketches with natural scenery as the theme, such as Green, Qinhuai River under the shadow of oars and lights, and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works, which have accompanied the joys and sorrows of generation after generation. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.

His landscape prose occupies an important position in the creation of modern literary prose, and his technique of describing landscape in vernacular Chinese is the most attractive. For example, in "Green", the quality and color of plum rain pool Waterfall are described delicately and profoundly by means of metaphor and contrast, and the writing style is deliberately demanding, showing superb skills in controlling language and writing.

His superb writing skills are vividly displayed in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. For example, when describing the beauty of lotus in the moonlight, the author compares it to a pearl, a star in the blue sky and a beauty bathed in it; When describing the delicate fragrance of lotus flowers, use the phrase "like a faint song floating from a distant building" to compare the delicate fragrance to a song and a faint fragrance. This synaesthesia technique is accurate and wonderful.

Zhu Ziqing also has another language style of prose, that is, in simple narration, expressing sincere and deep feelings in plain language. This kind of works can often show the author's integrity, enthusiasm and enterprising spirit, such as "The Cost of Life-70 cents" and "White Man-God's favorite"! They are all masterpieces of this style, and the most influential one is back. This essay washes away his old lead, and through his father's every move, the reader seems to see the author's bleak family background and his father's deep love for his son. Li Guangtian said in the article "The Most Complete Personality": "The number of lines behind is less than 50, and the number of words is only 1500 words ... Because this short passage was selected into the Chinese textbook for middle school students, in the eyes of middle school students, the word' Zhu Ziqing' has become an inseparable whole with the back." What is said here is the situation before liberation. As for the post-liberation, fewer people chose "Back", while "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" has been selected as a teaching material and recited by college and middle school students because of its beautiful writing.

Why is Zhu Ziqing's prose so admired? Mainly because his prose has the character of truth, goodness and beauty. Truth means true content and sincere feelings. Goodness means that the thoughts and feelings expressed in the works are progressive, and the author's right and wrong are consistent with the broad masses of the people. Beauty, of course, includes many aspects, but what ordinary prose works can't do is that its language is beautiful and full of charm, as clear and smooth as a stream, as sweet and chewy as an olive. How did Zhu Ziqing pursue truth, goodness and beauty in his prose creation? Judging from the content, Zhu Ziqing wrote all his own personal experiences. Not only is the event well-founded, but a detail is also true and accurate. He can't tolerate anything untrue in his prose. There is such a thing: there is a sentence in his Moonlight on the Lotus Pond: "The most lively thing at this time is the cicada in the tree and the frog in the water." Later, a reader wrote to tell him that cicadas would not call at night. Zhu Ziqing thought that he did hear cicadas that night, but to be on the safe side, he asked several people and wrote to an entomologist for advice. As a result, everyone thinks that cicadas don't bark at night, but only occasionally. Zhu Ziqing therefore suspected that he was mistaken, and planned to delete the sentence of cicada's barking when the collection of essays "Back" was reprinted. But later, he heard the cicada singing on the moonlit night twice with his own eyes. He didn't believe that he had written it wrong. Most people didn't know the cicada singing on the moonlit night accurately. To this end, he wrote an article explaining that it is not easy to observe things. It can be seen from this incident that Zhu Ziqing's attitude towards the authenticity of writing content is so serious.

The sincerity of Zhu Ziqing's prose feelings is well known. His Back and For the Dead Woman are called "the first-class love literature between heaven and earth". In the faint pen and ink, there is a deep feeling, without any affectation, but with moving power. In his essays such as On Realism and Picturesque, On Slogans and Slogans, The Preface of Zhong Ming's Nausea and Bitterness, he emphasized "truthfulness" and "sincere attitude". It is this "sincere attitude" that makes him pour out his true feelings between the lines. And this kind of emotion revealed from the deep heart is more likely to cause readers to sing.

[Edit this paragraph] Portfolio

Snow Dynasty (Poetry Collection) 1922 Business

Trace (Collection of Poetry and Prose) 1924 Yadong Library

Behind (Prose Collection) 1928 Enlightened

Essays on Europe (Prose Collection) 1934

You and me (essays) 1936, business.

London Miscellaneous Notes (Prose Collection) 1943, Enlightened

Teaching Chinese (Essay) 1945, Enlightened.

Classic Talk (Essay) 1946, Wenguang

Distinguishing Poems and Expressing Aspiration (Poetics) 1947, Wu.

New Poetry Miscellaneous Words (Poetics) 1947, Writers Bookstore.

Standards and scales (paper) 1948, Wenguang

China Collection (Prose) 1948, Mingshan Bookstore.

On Appreciation of Elegant Customs (Essay) 1948, Observatory.

Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-4) 1953, Wu.

Collection of Zhu Ziqing's Classical Literature (Volume I) 198 1 year, ancient books.

Zhu Ziqing's Preface and Postscript Book Review Collection (Essay) 1983, Sanlian.

Selected Prose of Zhu Ziqing 1986, Hundred Flowers

Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-3) 1988 Jiangsu Education (Incomplete)-

Zhu Ziqing's Prose Collection:

1 "in a hurry"

2 "Song"

3 "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights"

4 "Traces of Wenzhou"

5 "back"

6 "Ship Civilization"

7 "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond"

8 "The Woman I Love"

9 “& lt； Postscript of plum blossom

10 "White people-God's favorite"

1 1 "Huai Wei holds Jun Qing"

12 "One River"

13 children

14 "Mourning Wei Jiesan"

15 travel notes

16 Gone with the Wind

17 "Talking about Dreams"

18 "Bai Cai"

19 "a letter"

20 "Preface"

2 1 "Spring"

22 "Green"