May Fourth Movement

The news of the May 4th Movement reached Shanghai immediately. Ye Chuchen, president of the Republic of China Daily, printed a bulletin that night and distributed it to colleges and universities, calling on everyone to respond to this patriotic movement. First of all, Fudan University Student Union held an emergency meeting overnight and decided to organize five teams of students to do liaison work, that is, set off in groups the next morning (May 5) to contact the school and call on the school to send student representatives. The preparatory meeting of Shanghai Student Union is scheduled to be held in Fudan University, Xujiahui on the afternoon of May 6th, in order to respond to the May 4th Movement in Beijing with practical actions, and to expand publicity and create a strong momentum. On that day, according to the scheduled time, the school represented 48 people and actually reached 96 people. He Baoren, a student representative of Fudan University, was elected as interim chairman and Cheng as interim secretary. It is decided to hold a mass meeting from all walks of life in Shanghai Laoximen Gymnasium on May 7th to denounce the traitorous government. And call Cao, Zhang and Lu to recall the traitors and immediately release the arrested students to anger the people; Qu of Fudan University, Yun Zhen of Jinan University and Cen of St. John University are recommended to draft the articles of association of Shanghai Student Union, so that the student organizations can be on the right track and United.

A mass meeting was held outside the old west gate.

At 2 pm on May 7th, a mass meeting was held as scheduled in Laoximen Grandpa Gymnasium, attended by more than 20,000 people and students. The atmosphere is warm and organized. With Ren Huang as the chairman of the meeting, many people spoke freely, stated the patriotic significance of the May 4th Movement, and put forward political ideas such as "rejecting the Paris Peace Treaty" and "punishing traitors". Then a demonstration was held in line, and students formed a lecture group to publicize the boycott of Japanese goods along the street. When the parade arrived at the French Concession through the highway from Shanghai County to the Republic of China, the French police patrol room was forbidden to pass, which once caused students to protest and demanded legal negotiations. After argument, the French concession finally allowed 2000 people to pass, and the rest made a detour.

When the motorcade arrived at the Bund in Shanghai Concession, they sent eight representatives of the procession to the German Chamber of Commerce to meet Tang He, the general representative of the North-South Peace Conference (both former prime ministers), but they were turned away by the doorman. During the debate, Tang immediately met Fu Guangming, Peng Jieshi, Huang Jiemin and other representatives in the reception room after returning from abroad, expressing extreme sympathy for this patriotic act and conveying the requirements put forward by the meeting: "(1) The Qing Road Incident opposed direct negotiations between Chinese and Japanese representatives. If the goal of safeguarding national rights is not achieved, our government representatives should refuse to sign the Paris peace treaty; (2) Asking the government to remove Cao Rulin, Cao Rulin and Cao Rulin from their positions as traitors; (3) Immediately release the students arrested in the May 4th Movement ". And promised to convey the above requirements to the Beijing government. In his letter, he warned that ... if you can't take the heart of the world as your heart, separate the rivers and lakes, and be strict with yourself, then a single spark will surely start a prairie fire. We dare not tell you, but we are lucky to cut it down. It can be seen that Tang's respect for public opinion is the demeanor of a generation of politicians, so he came to Shanghai to conclude the "North-South Peace Treaty" on behalf of Yuan Shikai, and his heart turned to the Nanjing Revolutionary Government, which made him jealous of Yuan Xinsheng, showing his early democratic spirit of "taking the heart of the world as the heart".

At that time, Dr. Dewey from the United States came to give lectures in Shanghai, China, and Dr. Hu Shizhi (Professor Peking University), his top student, also came to Shanghai to entertain him. It coincided with this meeting, that is, he automatically took part in the parade and marched with us for five hours. He was sweating like a pig, soaked through his gown, and didn't feel bitter. Fortunately, shops along the way provided tea to quench their thirst, which showed Du's enthusiasm for this sport and became an anecdote.

"Shanghai Student Union" was formally established.

On May 1 1, the inaugural meeting of Shanghai Student Union was held at Global China Student Union, No.51,Jing 'an Temple Road, Shanghai. More than 60 schools attended the meeting, representing over 100 people. The meeting discussed and adopted the draft articles of association, and elected He Baoren of Fudan University as president, Peng Xin of Nanyang University as vice president, and Qu, Yun and Cen of Tongji University as secretaries. The appraisal department elected Dikan of Soochow University as the spokesperson, Jin-ok Kim, Pan Gongzhan, Pei Guoxiong and Li Guo as the secretaries, and one representative of each school as the reviewer. The Ministry of Communications elected Dong Keren of St. John's University as the minister and Fei Gongxia, Sun Zi, as the secretary; The Finance Committee elected Xi Yushu, Pan Gongzhan, Zhang Aizhen, Jin-ok Kim and Wu Kuang as members of the Finance Committee, and Xi Yushu as the chairman. As a result, the "Shanghai Federation of Students" was formally established, electrified the whole country, and issued a declaration calling for responding to this patriotic movement organized by students.

The Shanghai Students' Federation continued to suppress patriotic students in spite of the Beijing government's insistence and the demands of the Shanghai People's Congress on May 7. The strike was originally planned for May 22nd. As representatives of Jiangsu Education Association will come forward to dissuade them on 21st, saying that they will be led by the Education Association and the president of Nanyang Public College, Tang, and demand that the Beijing government strike Cao, Zhang and Lu within three days and release the arrested students, so as not to neglect their studies. If the government doesn't reply, it's not too late to strike again. So Chairman He Baoren held an emergency meeting that day to formulate measures to postpone the strike and announced the reasons for the delay. By the 25th, the Beijing government still didn't reply, so it had to hold a congress, with representatives from all schools 150 people attending, and decided to hold a swearing-in meeting on strike at Grandpa Laoximen Gymnasium the next day (26th).

Before 9 am on May 26th, more than 20,000 male and female students from various schools in Shanghai had gathered in the conference hall. Deacons have erected flagpoles and platforms in the middle of the hall in advance, and the school flags of each school are arranged in turn. First of all, the chairman of the meeting, He Baoren, announced the purpose of the meeting and decided to go on strike from this day. If the goal is not achieved, classes will not be resumed. At that time, everyone agreed with his idea. Following the military music played by the poor Children's Home band, the boy scouts held a flag-raising ceremony, each took off his hat and bowed to the national flag three times, and then read out the strike oath:

1On May 26th, 988, more than 20,000 male and female students from Shanghai Middle School swore under the national flag of the Republic of China: "In order to save the nation and survive, we are determined to stick it out, regardless of life or death. 』」

At that time, everyone was full of blood, shouting slogans, earth-shattering, and all rivers run into the sea, showing the fine qualities of justice, courage and fearlessness of Chinese sons and daughters.

Immediately after the ceremony, we held a demonstration, left Genghui East Gate, walked along Daji Road to the Republic of China Road, passed through Ximen, Laobeimen, Xinbeimen and Xiaodongmen, passed through Zhonghua Road, passed through Dadongmen, Xiaonanmen and Nanmen, took Penglai Road, passed through the county department and circled the city, and still returned to Gongx Sports Ridge by Daji Road. The parade lasted about two hours. In the hot weather, the procession was neat, energetic and disciplined, and there was no outdated and disorderly phenomenon, which greatly touched the audience along the way and applauded and cheered frequently.

When the parade returned to the meeting place, they rearranged themselves in their original positions. The headmaster invited Fang Hao, a student from Beijing to Shanghai, to give a speech on the stage, reported on the development of the student movement in Beijing since the May 4th Movement, denounced the servility of the warlord government in Beijing, praised the achievements of the Shanghai Student Union, and hoped to unite the North-South student movement and strive for the future of the country and the nation. All the audience were moved and the meeting ended with applause.

Organize the "National Student Union"

On May 28th, the Council of Shanghai Student Union held a meeting, with Chairman Di Kan and Record Jin-ok Kim representing more than 60 people. This paper mainly discusses the organization of the National Students' Union, propaganda work and self-study of students who have gone on strike.

On June 2nd, Beijing Federation of Students sent a delegation to Shanghai, with representatives including Peking University (as head), Wang Binggan of Beijing National University of Law and Politics, Qi Dapeng of Beijing China University, Xiao of Beijing Higher Industrial School, Zhang Minggang of Beijing Normal School, Liu Enshen of Beijing Huiwen University, monk Tsinghua University, Beijing Senior Police Officer School, Yuan Xianghe of Tianjin Nankai School and Yang of Tianjin Higher Industrial School. He Baoren, Pan Gongzhan, Jin-ok Kim, Chen Renjie and Dong Keren, representatives of the Shanghai Federation of Students, unanimously decided to call on all provinces and cities in China to send two student representatives. Please report to Shanghai Global China Student Union before June 14, so that the inaugural meeting of the National Student Union can be held another day. On the same day, the Shanghai Federation of Students held a meeting and reported that the strike had been going on for seven days. The Beijing government did not make it clear that it would immediately send representatives to contact the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce and ask them to inform all shops of the strike. We should also contact cotton mills and trade unions in other factories, urge workers to strike, cooperate with students to strike, and increase pressure on the government to achieve the goal of struggle as soon as possible. This proposal was unanimously adopted and activities were carried out in different ways. It immediately won enthusiastic support from the industrial and commercial circles.

Anti-imperialist patriotic strike strike

On June 5, the "three strikes" movement of Shanghai's strike, strike and market strike was realized, and all transactions in the market stopped. On the 5th, a parade of about 3,000 people, including students, workers and shop assistants, gathered on Nanjing Road and Zhejiang Road, shouting the slogan of "saving the country", which once clashed with the patrol in the concession. On the sixth day, slogans such as "Don't open the door unless you remove the national thief" and "Don't open the door unless you remove the national thief" were posted at the gates of all shops to show your determination to resist imperialism and patriotism. On the afternoon of the 9th, workers marched on Nanjing Road, and the student propaganda team distributed leaflets along the way. The industrial and commercial offices in the concession successively issued notices, demanding to stop the "three strikes" movement, and sent international business groups to strengthen patrols, threatening the preparatory office of the Shanghai Federation of Students and the National Federation of Students. But they are arrogant and introverted, and everyone is unmoved.

On June 10, faced with the increasing patriotic pressure since the May 4th Movement, the Beijing government knew that public opinion could not be bullied and force could not be relied on. After releasing the arrested students, it officially announced the dismissal of Cao Rulin and He Lu on the same day to show the feelings of ordinary people. For the purpose of political struggle, Shanghai Students' Union initially met the requirements. In order to take care of the overall situation, students were dispatched on 1 1 day to request the restoration of shops, factories and schools. The "three strikes out" movement stopped.

Representatives of the local student association arrived in Shanghai.

On June 14, 12 representatives from all over the world reported to Shanghai, hosted by Shanghai Federation of Students, and stayed in Dadong Tourism Village of Yongan Company. After consultation, it was decided to hold the preparatory meeting of the National Federation of Students on the afternoon of 16, and it was agreed to hold the inaugural meeting of the National Federation of Students at 2 pm on 18 in Dadong Hotel. At that time, He Baoren was elected as the temporary chairman.

A week after the inaugural meeting of the All-China Federation of Students, representatives from all over the country left Shanghai and returned to their hometown. In addition to paying all the room and board expenses of the delegates during their stay in Shanghai, the Shanghai Federation of Students also paid travel allowances to the delegates from afar to show the friendship of the host.

In response to the May 4th patriotic movement in Shanghai, the three pro-Japanese factions, Cao Rulin, Xing Zongxiang and Lu, won, but they all stopped their strikes, strikes and strikes. However, the main purpose of this movement was to oppose the decision of the Paris Peace Conference on the Shandong issue. In order to join the League of Nations and consolidate the political power, the Beijing government tried its best to please Japan and tried to participate in the signing of the peace treaty. Therefore, the patriotic movement in Shanghai has not ended; Especially after the establishment of the All-China Federation of Students, it undertakes the task of fighting for national rights on behalf of students all over the country.

People from all walks of life demanded to refuse to sign the Paris Peace Treaty.

As early as 9 May 19 19, the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce invited the Beijing government to negotiate directly with Japan on the Shandong issue decided by the Paris Peace Conference, regardless of the national justice. After the telegram was published, it immediately caused an uproar. The Shanghai Federation of Students first sent representatives to the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce to question President Zhu, accusing him of improper ideas and should be corrected. Other people of insight from all walks of life also opposed the direct negotiations between China and Japan, and advocated that China should win the sovereignty of Shandong back to the Paris Peace Conference.