Zhu Ziqing's Personal Profile

Zhu Ziqing (1898.11.22 ~1948. 8.12) was originally named Zhu Zihua, and later changed to Zhu Ziqing, whose name was Qiushi, whose name was Pei County. Modern famous essayist, poet, scholar and democratic fighter, originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was born in Haizhou, Jiangsu Province (now Lianyungang City), and later settled in Yangzhou with his grandfather and father. 1898 1 1 was born in Donghai, Jiangsu. 1920 graduated from philosophy department of Peking University. 1925 application for teaching in Tsinghua. For a long time, he served as the head of the literature department in China, Tsinghua. 1948 died in Beijing.

Yangzhou is a famous cultural city with beautiful scenery, with lakes and mountains and pleasant scenery. Many poets, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo and Ouyang Xiu, once lingered here, seeking seclusion and success, and wrote many magnificent poems. Yangzhou is also a heroic historical city. In the history of resisting foreign aggression, it has written countless brilliant chapters and left many touching stories. The beautiful scenery of the ancient city and the rich atmosphere of advocating culture have invisibly cultivated the temperament of young Zhu Ziqing, and cultivated his peaceful and upright character and interest in natural beauty. The beautiful landscape of Yangzhou, like rain and dew, moistens his heart, nourishes his feelings and enriches his imagination, making his feelings full of poetry and painting forever. Yangzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, has a profound and subtle influence on him.

Zhu Ziqing has 27 kinds of works, * * about1.9000 words, including poetry, prose, literary criticism, academic research and so on. Most of the income is the four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore in 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six volumes of The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems only after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s collection of essays "Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. His representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Executing the Government Massacre. Second, a number of essays, represented by The Back, Children and Widowed Women, mainly describe personal and family life, and show the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, which has a strong human touch. Thirdly, a number of lyrical sketches with natural scenery as their themes, such as Green, Spring, Qinhuai River under the shadow of paddle lights and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which The Back and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond are well-known masterpieces. His prose is concise and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.

Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Huazi, was born on the 9th of October in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898165438+122nd of October) and died on the 6th of August in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (194812nd). My ancestral home is Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Because three generations have settled in Yangzhou, they graduated from Jiangsu No.8 Middle School in Yangzhou and worked as teachers in Yangzhou, so they call themselves "Yangzhou people". He is a famous writer and scholar in modern times. Zhu Ziqing's grandfather, Zhu Zeyu, whose real name was Yu, changed his surname because he inherited the Zhu family. During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, he served as a judge in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province 10 for many years. My father's name is Hong Jun, and his word is Xiaopo. He married Zhou and is a scholar. In the 27th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (190 1), Hongjun Zhu went from the East China Sea to Shaobo Town, Yangzhou Prefecture. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou and settled in Yangzhou.

Zhu Ziqing lived in Yangzhou for 13 years. He spent his childhood and adolescence in Yangzhou. His feelings about life in the ancient city are subtle and complicated. Perhaps life is too monotonous, so he later said that only a "thin shadow" was left in his childhood memory, and "it was like being washed away by a flood, and it was shocking to be lonely!" However, in the long and tortuous journey of life, childhood is the first "post station" after all.

19 16 After graduating from high school, Zhu Ziqing was admitted to Peking University Preparatory College. 19 19 "Sleep, Little Man" written in February is his first poem. He was a participant in the May 4th patriotic movement and embarked on the literary road under the influence of the May 4th wave. Mao Zedong once praised Zhu Ziqing's backbone, saying that he was "seriously ill and would rather starve to death than accept American' relief food'".

After graduating from philosophy department of Peking University from 65438 to 0920, he taught in middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and took an active part in the New Literature Movement. Poetry Magazine was founded by Yu Pingbo and others in 1922, which was the earliest poetry publication in the birth period of new poetry. He is a member of the early literature research society.

The long poem "Sinking" was published in 1923. At this time, he also wrote beautiful essays such as "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights".

/kloc-0 taught in Tsinghua University in August, 925, and began to study China's classical literature. The creation is mainly prose.

Written on 1927, The Back and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond are well-known masterpieces, among which The Back is included in the Chinese textbook of Senior One. 193 1 year, he studied in Britain and roamed Europe. After returning home, he wrote some miscellaneous notes about Europe.

1September, 932, director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University.

1937 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, moved to Kunming with the school, and served as a professor at National Southwest Associated University, teaching courses such as Song poetry and literary studies. During this period, I wrote the semantic shadow of prose.

1946 returned to Beijing from Kunming as the director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University.

1947, Zhu Ziqing signed the Declaration of Thirteen Professors. Protest against the arbitrary arrest of the masses by the authorities. Zhu Ziqing suffered from a serious stomach trouble in his later years. His monthly salary is only enough to buy three bags of flour, which is not enough for his family of 65,438+02 people, and he has no money to treat diseases. At that time, the Kuomintang colluded with the United States to launch a civil war, and the United States implemented a policy of helping Japan. One day, Wu Han asked Zhu Ziqing to sign the declaration of "protesting the US policy of aiding Japan and refusing to accept American aid for flour". He resolutely signed it and said, "I would rather die of poverty and disease than accept this insulting charity." This year (1948), that is, 12 August, Zhu Ziqing died of illness in Beijing. Before he died, he said to his wife, "I signed the document rejecting American flour, and our family will never buy American flour rationed by the Kuomintang again." Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than accept "relief food" from the United States, which showed the backbone of the people of China. After Zhu Ziqing died of illness, he was buried in Wan 'an Cemetery near Xiangshan, and the words "Tsinghua University Professor Zhu Ziqing's Tomb" were engraved on the tombstone. "1990, his wife Chen Zhuyin died and was buried beside her husband.

Zhu Ziqing embarked on the road of literature and was first famous for his poems. He published a long poem "Destruction" and some short poems, which were included in Snow Dynasty and Traces. In the mid-1920s, he began to devote himself to prose creation, including the collection of essays: Back, European Miscellanies, You and Me, London Miscellanies, and the collection of essays: Standards and Standards, Appreciation of Elegance and Customs. His prose includes landscape writing, travel notes, lyric writing and essays. First of all, he wrote beautiful scenery with meticulous and beautiful "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", which showed the achievements of vernacular literature; Following the sentimental works such as The Back, Children and For the Dead Wife, he set up a literary and natural model of "conversational prose". Finally, poets, scholars and fighters are unified through complex emotions, subtle language and interesting reasons. He contributed to the construction of a simple, lyrical and natural modern prose style. As a scholar, Zhu Ziqing has made great achievements in poetry theory, classical literature, the history of new literature and Chinese education. He is the author of Miscellaneous Comments on New Poems, Arguments on Poems, Classical Arguments, Chinese Teaching (co-authored with Ye Shengtao) and China New Literature Research Lectures Outline, etc. His works are included in The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Jiangsu Education Press). Zhu Ziqing worked hard all his life. There are 26 kinds of poems, essays, reviews and academic research works with more than 2 million words. His posthumous works were compiled into Selected Works of Zhu Ziqing and Selected Poems of Zhu Ziqing.

Zhu Ziqing's Prose

Zhu Ziqing (1898- 1948), with a string-like personality, has made great artistic achievements in his prose. His prose collections "The Back", "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" and "Green" are included in "The Back" and "You and Me". Zhu Ziqing's prose is not only good at describing, but also achieves the artistic realm of blending scenes in the description.

His landscape prose occupies an important position in the prose creation of modern literature, and his technique of describing landscape in vernacular Chinese is the most attractive. For example, in "Qing", the quality and color of plum rain pool Waterfall are described delicately and profoundly by means of metaphor and contrast, and the brushwork is deliberately demanding, showing superb skills in controlling language and writing.

His superb writing skills are vividly displayed in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. For example, when describing the beauty of lotus in moonlight, the author compares it to a pearl, a star in the blue sky and a beauty who takes a bath; When describing the faint scent of lotus, the phrase "like a faint song coming from a distant building" is used to compare the scent with the song, and the lightness and lightness of the scent are compared. This synaesthesia technique is accurate and wonderful.

Compared with the above gorgeous metaphor, Zhu Ziqing also has another language style of prose, that is, expressing sincere and deep feelings in simple narration with plain language. This kind of works can often show the author's integrity, enthusiasm and enterprising spirit, such as The Cost of Life-70 cents and White Man-God's favorite! They are all masterpieces of this style, and the most influential one is back. This article depicts a farewell picture of a father and son at the station. In this paper, the action of my father climbing the platform is described in plain words, and the true feelings between father and son are conveyed in funny and clumsy actions. This essay washes away his old lead, and through his father's every move, the reader seems to see the author's bleak family.

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Introduction of works

Zhu Ziqing was diligent all his life, and wrote 26 kinds of poems, essays, comments and academic research works with more than 2 million words. Most of the income is the four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore in 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six volumes of The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems only after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s collection of essays "Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. His representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Executing the Government Massacre. Second, a number of essays, represented by Back, Children, Mourning for the Past and Spring, mainly describe personal and family life, show the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, and have a strong human touch. Thirdly, a group of lyric sketches with natural scenery as the theme, such as Green, Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which The Back and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond are well-known masterpieces. His prose is concise and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.

His landscape prose occupies an important position in the prose creation of modern literature, and his technique of describing landscape in vernacular Chinese is the most attractive. For example, in "Qing", the quality and color of plum rain pool Waterfall are described delicately and profoundly by means of metaphor and contrast, and the brushwork is deliberately demanding, showing superb skills in controlling language and writing.

His superb writing skills are vividly displayed in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. For example, when describing the beauty of lotus in moonlight, the author compares it to a pearl, a star in the blue sky and a beauty who takes a bath; When describing the faint scent of lotus, the phrase "like a faint song coming from a distant building" is used to compare the scent with the song, and the lightness and lightness of the scent are compared. This synaesthesia technique is accurate and wonderful.

Zhu Ziqing also has another language style of prose, that is, using plain language to express sincere and profound feelings in simple narration. This kind of works can often show the author's integrity, enthusiasm and enterprising spirit, such as "The Price of Life-70 cents" and "White People-God's favorite! They are all masterpieces of this style, and the most influential one is back. This essay washes away his old lead, and through his father's every move, the reader seems to see the author's bleak family and his father's deep love for his son. Li Guangtian said in the article "The Most Complete Personality": "The number of lines in the article" The Back "is less than 50, and the number of words is only 1500 ... Because this short passage was selected into the Chinese textbook for middle school students, in the eyes of middle school students, the word" Zhu Ziqing "has become an inseparable whole with" the back ". What is said here is the situation before liberation. As for the post-liberation, fewer people chose "The Back", while "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" has been selected as a teaching material and recited by college and middle school students because of its beautiful writing.

Why is Zhu Ziqing's prose so admired? Mainly because his prose has the character of truth, goodness and beauty. Truth means that the content is true and the feelings are sincere. Goodness means that the thoughts and feelings expressed in the works are progressive, and the author's right and wrong are consistent with the broad masses of the people. Beauty, of course, includes many aspects. What ordinary prose works can't reach is that its language is beautiful and charming, as clear and smooth as a stream, as sweet and chewy as an olive. How did Zhu Ziqing pursue truth, goodness and beauty in his prose creation? Judging from the content, Zhu Ziqing wrote all his own personal experiences. Not only the big things are well-founded, but also a detail, and strive to be true and accurate. He can't tolerate anything untrue in his prose. There is such a thing: there is a sentence in his "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond": "At this time, the most lively things are cicadas in the trees and frogs in the water." Later, a reader wrote to tell him that cicadas would not call at night. Zhu Ziqing thought that he did hear cicadas that night, but to be on the safe side, he asked several people and wrote to an entomologist for advice. Therefore, everyone thinks that cicadas don't bark at night, but only occasionally. Zhu Ziqing therefore suspected that he was mistaken, and prepared to delete the sentence of cicada singing when the prose collection "Back" was reprinted. However, later he heard the cicada singing on the moonlit night twice with his own eyes. He didn't believe that he had written it wrong, and most people didn't know the cicada singing on the moonlit night accurately. To this end, he wrote an article explaining that it is not easy to observe things. From this incident, we can see that Zhu Ziqing's attitude towards the authenticity of writing content is so serious.

The sincerity of Zhu Ziqing's prose feelings is well known. His Back and For the Dead Woman are called "the first-class love literature between heaven and earth". In the faint pen and ink, there is a deep feeling, without any affectation, but with touching power. In his essays, such as On Realism and Picturesque, On Slogans and Slogans, and Preface of Zhong Ming's Nausea and Bitterness, he emphasized "truthfulness" and "sincerity in rhetoric" and "sincerity in attitude is indispensable for propaganda and writing". It is this "sincere attitude" that makes him pour out his true feelings between the lines. And this kind of emotion revealed from the deep heart is more likely to cause readers to sing.

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Snow Dynasty (Poetry Collection) 1922 Business

Trace (Poetry Collection) 1924 Yadong Library

Last (Prose Collection) 1928 Enlightened

Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel (Prose Collection) 1934 Enlightenment

You and me (essays) 1936, business.

London Miscellaneous Notes (Prose Collection) 1943, Enlightened

Teaching Chinese (Essay) 1945, Enlightened.

Wen Guang's Classic Talk (Essay) 1946

Distinguish between poetic expression and intention (poetics) 1947, enlightened.

New Poetry Miscellaneous Words (Poetics) 1947, Writers' Bookstore.

Standards and scales (paper) 1948, Wenguang

China Collection (Essay) 1948, Mingshan Bookstore.

Suit all tastes (essay) 1948, Observatory.

Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-4) 1953, Enlightened.

Collection of Zhu Ziqing's Classical Literature (Volume I) 198 1 year, an ancient book.

Zhu Ziqing's Preface and Postscript Book Review Collection (Essay) 1983, Sanlian.

Selected Prose of Zhu Ziqing 1986 Baihua

Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-3) 1988 Jiangsu Education (incomplete)-

Zhu Ziqing's Prose Collection:

1 "in a hurry"

2 "Song"

3 "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights"

4 "Traces of Wenzhou"

5 "back"

6 "Ship Civilization"

7 "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond"

8 "The Woman I Love"

9《lt； Postscript of Plum Blossom

10 "White people-God's favorite"

1 1 "Huai Wei defends Jun Qing"

12 "One River"

13 children

14 "Mourning Wei Jiesan"

15 travel notes

16 Gone with the Wind

17 "Talking about dreams"

18 "Bai Cai"

19 "a letter"

20 "Preface"

2 1 "spring"

22 "Green"

"In a hurry" (selected by People's Education Publishing House as the sixth grade Chinese textbook) Original: