Into Hengduan Mountain Hengduan Mountain Area

As early as 200 million years ago, the Indian continent drifted northward and collided with the Eurasian continent. As a result of the compression of the two major plates, the east-west Himalayan Mountains and the north-south Hengduan Mountains were highlighted. The Hengduan Mountains are located at the junction of the four provinces of Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan and Sichuan. Many major rivers in Asia, such as the Nujiang, Jinsha River and Lancang River, originate here. The mountains here are high and the valleys are deep, and the rivers are turbulent. The height difference between the two sides of the canyon is generally about 2,500 meters. "You can hear it across the river, but it takes half a year to see each other."

In the cold winter, the reporter drove more than a thousand kilometers to the Hengduan Mountains. What he saw and heard was refreshing.

The upper reaches of the "Three Rivers" have a good ecology.

The white snow peaks, dark green pine forests, golden pastures, and downwards, are the slow-flowing clear rivers. This is the beautiful scenery that reporters often see when reporting along the upper reaches of the Nu River, Lancang River and Jinsha River in early winter.

In mid-November, the reporter set out from Lhasa. After dozens of days of bumps, he traveled from west to east, crossing countless north-south mountains, and arrived deep in the Hengduan Mountains. In the past few years, deforestation has been serious in the upper reaches of the "Sanjiang River". From time to time, abandoned trees can be seen lying scattered on the hillside. As the saying goes, "The mountain depends on the mountain." In the past, people in the Hengduan Mountains had to burn more than ten cubic meters of wood a year for cooking, drinking and heating. In Qamdo area alone, people consume about 1.5 million cubic meters of wood every year to maintain their living needs. The reporter saw in several counties in the Hengduan Mountains that local people split several logs with a diameter of more than one meter for burning wood. The person who split the wood did not take the reporter's surprise seriously and said: "Burning such wood is commonplace in the area. ”

The exterior walls of people’s houses in the Hengduan Mountains are basically built with logs, wooden beams and columns, and the interiors are all made of wooden floors. It takes at least 100 cubic meters of wood to build a house. Requires more than 200 cubic meters.

Now, the "Natural Forest Protection Project" has been widely implemented in the "Sanjiang" basin. Passing through Jiangda County in Tibet, I saw that the earth and rocks on both sides of the valley were mostly covered by shrubs and new trees. Concrete monuments "Protecting Natural Forests" stood on the side of the road, warning people to cherish the grass here. A piece of wood.

The Hongla Mountain Yunnan Golden Monkey Nature Reserve in Mangkang County has a forest coverage rate of more than 70%, with a protected area of ??more than 100,000 hectares. A reporter standing at the Hongla Pass at an altitude of 4,180 meters in Mangkang County saw a row of tall "No Hunting of Wild Animals" placards standing prominently among the low and dense bushes on the hillside. In the slight mountain breeze, Dao Ji, director of the Hongla Mountain Nature Reserve Management Bureau, told reporters that due to measures such as bans on logging and hunting, the number of Yunnan golden monkeys in the reserve has increased significantly. There are currently three groups of Yunnan golden monkeys in the mountainous area, with the largest group having more than 400 individuals.

In order to protect the vegetation in the upper reaches of the "Three Rivers", Jiangda County, located on the west side of the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, has returned farmland with a slope of more than 25 degrees to forests, with a total area of ??more than 10,000 acres. Dege County, Sichuan Province, on the east side of the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, is responsible for closing the mountains for afforestation. The Dege Sequ Forest Farm at the foot of Que'er Mountain, known as "the most dangerous place on the Sichuan-Tibet line", has implemented more than 470,000 acres of woodland, shrub land, and unforested afforestation land for everyone. Since 1998, , it took 10 years to plant nearly 20,000 acres of new forest in Menzha Temple. Leiwuqi County in the upper reaches of the Lancang River has closed the mountains and cleared the forests. The remaining tree stumps after the forest felling in the past have been cleared to replace the previous logs for burning. It is no longer allowed to cut down the mature trees to maintain the natural beauty of the mountains and clear waters and strive to develop tourism.

Zhao Huashan, Secretary of the Jiangda County Party Committee, where Tianjin is aiding Tibet, said: “The government has implemented mountain closures to cultivate forests, and is also considering using new building materials to replace wood for building houses, and using small hydropower and solar energy to replace wood for cooking and heating. Question. Based on the existing 1,000-kilowatt small hydropower station, the county plans to build another 3,000-kilowatt hydropower station by taking advantage of the local high mountains, deep valleys, numerous rivers, and large water energy reserves.”

Visiting Tibetans Deep in the Mountains

Jueenka Village in Leiwuqi County, Tibet is located deep in the Hengduan Mountains. The Ziqu River at the foot of the hillside is a tributary of the Lancang River. The reporter took the county party committee’s Beijing jeep and spent all his energy climbing mountains and wading through rivers. I was really worried that this old Jeep would fall apart along the way.

Fortunately, there were green mountains, gurgling streams, and groups of yaks grazing leisurely on the hillside along the way. Our mood slowly relaxed.

This small village in the mountains is half pastoral and half agricultural, more than 1,000 kilometers away from Lhasa. It is an advanced dual-civilization village in the autonomous region. Zhaba Jiangyong, the 62-year-old deputy director of the village committee, told us that there are 18 households and 185 people in the village. Food and clothing is not a problem. The key is how to further improve the quality of life.

We came to Zhabajiang’s home. This is a two-story building with 6 rooms on the upper and lower floors. Satellite TV receiving antennas and solar photovoltaic panels are placed on the roof. Zhabajiang said proudly that his family of 14 members has more than 60 yaks, 24 cows, 32 sheep, and 6 horses. The best yaks can be sold for 3,000 yuan each, and the average price is 2,500 yuan. Yuan. He said that his family can sell nine yaks every year and earn a considerable income. Agriculture has also been mechanized, with tractors, planters, harvesters and threshers all available.

Zhaba Jiangyong’s two sons are both well-known as skilled craftsmen. The eldest son Baima is a blacksmith, but he is also a folk painter. The spacious main house is about 40 square meters, and the iron stove placed in the center of the house was made by Baima himself. At the same time, Baima is also a primary school teacher in the village and is the most educated person in the village. Zhaba Jiangyong's youngest son Duojia is a carpenter. All the furniture in the house is made by Duojia. The flowers and plants on the cabinets, beams and character paintings are done by Baima.

We asked to see the families in the village with average financial status. So, we climbed over a hill and came to Zaton's house. Zaton, 44, has a family of 10 members. The six semi-new houses were built in 1991. There are farm tools such as threshing machines and seeders parked in the yard. The most attractive thing is a brand-new motorcycle worth more than 5,000 yuan. Zadon spoke in mountainous Tibetan, which was difficult to understand. Through a translator, we learned that his family owned 56 yaks and 7 sheep. Pointing to the building materials piled in front of the door, Zaton told us that he would sell a few more yaks next year to build a new building.

Zhaba Jiangyong said as he walked that by raising yak, growing highland barley, digging cordyceps, and working outside, the bicycle was replaced by a motorcycle, the wooden cart became a tractor, Tibetan carpets, and carved furniture , pressure cookers have become common items in people's homes, and televisions, VCDs, and solar energy have begun to enter ordinary Tibetan households. The number of people sending their children to temples has also dropped significantly, and the child enrollment rate has remained at 98 for many years.

There is a descendant of Batang Xianzi

Old lady Qucuo is a well-known master of "Xianzi" dancing in Batang County, Sichuan Province. Under her influence, the two granddaughters also fell in love with Xianzi. The eldest granddaughter brought Batang Xianzi to the Chengdu Medical School where she studied. The younger granddaughter was also a master of Xianzi dancing in the county middle school.

Dongmei, a 19-year-old Tibetan teacher at the County People’s Primary School who is good at singing and dancing, is one of the many students that Mr. Qucuo can no longer remember. Dongmei often practiced Xianzi with her county kindergarten teachers Gong Zhuoma and Yang Xuemei, and then opened "Xianzi" dance classes in her workplace to teach Batang Xianzi to students.

Batang County, located on the banks of the Jinsha River and at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet provinces, was awarded the "Hometown of Xianzi" by the Ministry of Culture. "Xianzi", which has a history of more than a thousand years, is a traditional Tibetan folk dance that integrates poetry, harp, song and dance. It is easy to sing and memorize, and is suitable for collective singing and dancing. The leader plays the huqin, Three or five people can sing and dance, and thousands of people can also dance together. Men, women, old and young throw off their long sleeves to sing and dance. Women are known for their soft and graceful dancing, while men are strong and bold.

Seeing the 78-year-old Qu Cuo in front of her, with silver hair and a cane, the reporter wondered: Is she a master of the "Xianzi" dance in Batang? But when he talked about Batang Xianzi, the old man immediately became energetic, his eyes were bright and his waist straightened. She threw away her crutches, hummed a tune, and danced lightly.

A popular saying here: "If you can talk, you can sing; if you can walk, you can dance." Old Qucuo proudly told us that in Batang, whether you are an octogenarian or a child with yellow hair, as long as you As soon as they hear the sound of the huqin, they will rush to sing and dance in groups, dancing around the fire pit all night long, even dancing for two or three days without getting tired. The old man said that she had no special education and had been exposed to it since childhood.

Because of her good Xianzi dancing, Qu Cuo, the "Xianzi Beauty" in Batang, attracted the pursuit of many young men. She finally chose Fang Shaoyun, a Han Chinese boy who was considerate. Having said this, Qucuo's face glowed red and he smiled shyly.

The old man took out the photo album, pointed to a yellowed photo and said that this was a group photo of the Xianzi team organized by the county cultural center 40 years ago. At that time, there were more than 30 members. The old man couldn't restrain his excitement when he mentioned that he had performed one of his special performances for foreign friends. Now that I am getting older, I only go to join in the fun when there are celebrations in the neighborhood. Usually, he mainly teaches skills to young people, and has taught nearly 40 kinds of ancient string instruments. In the past few years, people from Sichuan, Beijing, and Zhejiang came to learn Batang Xianzi from the elderly.

Tashi, who is in his 40s, is a famous leader of the "Xianzi" dance in Batang. He plays the harp well, and of course he dances even better. At the age of 7, he learned art from his father. Not only did he perform in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and other cities, he was also invited to Hong Kong to perform the unique "Batang Xianzi" song and dance in the Hengduan Mountains. Feng Guangfu, deputy director of the Batang County Government Office, said that the county currently has a Xianzi team for farmers, a Xianzi team for government officials, a Xianzi team for schools, and a Xianzi team for the elderly. In a county with more than 10,000 people, there are about 3,000 people who regularly dance Xianzi.

When we were about to leave, the old man Qucuo was still dancing with enthusiasm, dancing one song after another.