Improvement measures of saline-alkali land in Cangzhou

The main feature of saline-alkali land is that it contains more water-soluble salts or alkaline substances. Because of the high salinity and alkalinity, soil humus is leached out, and the soil structure is destroyed, sticky when wet and hard when dry. White salt often accumulates on the soil surface, which has poor ventilation and water permeability, which will seriously cause plant wilting, poisoning and root rot. Therefore, saline-alkali soil must be improved. The principle of improving saline-alkali land is to actively fertilize the soil while discharging, separating and preventing salt. The main measures are:

The first is drainage. For low-lying saline-alkali land blocks, some soil salt can be taken away by digging drainage ditches to discharge surface water.

Second, irrigation and salt washing. According to the law of "salt comes with water and salt goes with water", water is poured into the ground to form a water layer with a certain depth on the ground, so that the salt in the soil is fully dissolved, and then the dissolved salt is discharged from the drainage ditch, thus reducing the salt content of the soil.

Third, grow rice. Planting rice in saline-alkali land rich in water resources is also an effective improvement measure. Because after planting rice, the field should always keep the water layer and the soil water content is saturated. Under the same soil salt content, the salt content in paddy field is lower than that in dry field. Therefore, the salt in the soil can be leached and discharged through long-term flood irrigation and drainage.

The fourth is to increase the application of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can increase soil humus, which is beneficial to the formation of aggregate structure, improve the ventilation, water permeability and nutrient status of saline-alkali soil, and the organic acid produced after decomposition can also neutralize the alkalinity of soil. Planting green manure has a better effect.

The fifth is deep ploughing and deep loosening. Deep ploughing, deep loosening and deep ploughing can accelerate salt leaching, prevent salt return, enhance soil moisture conservation and drought resistance, and improve soil nutrient status. Be careful not to turn the dark alkali to the surface during deep ploughing.

Sixth, the foreign soil presses alkali. Foreign soil is to change soil. Exotic soil can improve the physical properties of saline-alkali land, which has the functions of inhibiting salt, spraying salt, pressing alkali and increasing soil fertility, and can reduce the salt content of soil to a level that will not harm crop growth. As the saying goes, "sand presses alkali, gold plate" is the truth.

Seven, reasonable planting. Planting crops in saline-alkali land should be based on the adaptability of crops to saline-alkali, drought and waterlogging. Give full play to the potential of increasing agricultural production. Sunflower, millet, beet, barley and other crops have strong salt tolerance and high osmotic pressure, and can absorb enough water in high-salt solution so as not to die of physiological drought.