Basic knowledge of sketch

Operational definition of sketch: the drawing method of expressing objects with a relatively single color with the help of lightness change. Sketch painting tools are varied and not limited to one tool. Sketch is a relatively fast sketch form. Sketch level is one of the important indicators reflecting the basic level of painting and basic modeling ability of painters. The following is my basic knowledge of sketching, welcome to share.

Basic knowledge of sketch 1. What is a sketch?

1. Sketch, sketch, sketch.

2. Use charcoal, pencils, pens, etc. Drawing a monochrome picture of light and dark objects with lines is called sketching. Sketch is the basis of all painting and a necessary stage in the research process. ("Artist" magazine on sketch-Xiao)

3. Sketch usually refers to methods that can leave traces on a plane, such as crayons, charcoal pens, pens, brushes, ink and paper. Others include abrasion caused by wet clay, ink-stained cloth, metal, stone tools, containers or cloth covers. (Encyclopedia of Artistic Vision)

4. Outlines and lines are the general names of sketches. Sketch has a sense of natural law, which the viewer can feel from the process of appreciation. Different strokes create different lines and cross relationships, including rhythm, active and passive surroundings, plane, volume, tone and texture.

5. Sketch is a formal artistic creation, which uses monochrome lines to express things in the intuitive world, and can also express ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols and even abstract forms. It does not pay attention to the whole and color like painting, but to the structure and form. (Encyclopedia Britannica)

6. In the book Dictionary of Western Fine Arts (published by Lion Book Company), there is only one explanation related to sketch. It is considered that the sketch of a work or a part of a work is the artist's research and discussion on key points such as light and shadow, composition and the scale of the whole picture. It is a preliminary composition of the whole painting or one of the paintings. The sketch of a landscape painter is usually a small and quick record to show the lighting effect of the landscape and prepare for the idea of repainting in the future.

Second, the current situation of sketch:

1. Sketch is an independent art with independent status and value.

2. Sketch is the inevitable foundation of other arts, especially watercolor, oil painting, printmaking and sculpture (relief), and it is also the necessary foundation of sketch for graphic design. Although sketch is considered as a two-dimensional art, it does not need color and three-dimensional space, but it also implies both.

3. Sketch is the final result of the painter's work, and it can also be used as the basis for copying or copying, but its nature is unique. Although all kinds of arts do not necessarily need to draw sketches first, sketches are the basis of all decorative arts. When drawing, the outline is often drawn as a draft in advance, and then rendered in color. When a work of art is finished, sketches are often hidden or destroyed. So sketching is just a technical preparation. By the end of 14, sketch is no longer just an accessory, but an independent art, and its scope of expression is very wide: it can express volume, space, depth, essence and action. After the Renaissance, sketch not only has a practical position, but also has become a kind of art that can represent human creativity.

3. Sketch technology and types:

1. Line and line technique, the element of sketch is a line, but the line does not exist in essence, it only represents the boundaries of objects, colors and planes, as an illusion of objects. Until modern times, lines were considered as spontaneous formal elements, independent of the depicted objects.

2. Sketch is to form the image of an object with lines and draw it on a plane, which arouses the association of the viewer through the line form. For example, the angle formed by the intersection of two straight lines can be considered as the boundary of a plane; In addition, adding a third line can create a three-dimensional effect on the screen. Curved lines can symbolize the vault, and intersecting lines can express the depth. People can get an understandable image from the change of lines. Therefore, through the means of lines, simple sketches can be developed into exquisite sketches.

3. In sketch, lines can be used to distinguish between three-dimensional and plane, and as for color shading, it is to strengthen and clarify the relationship between the whole and the part. We can draw the boundary with the beginning, disappearance and interruption of lines to form a plane, or we can let the colors reach the boundary. The thickness of lines can show the changes of objects, and even light and shadow can be shown through the changes of strokes of lines.

4. The line technique of sketch also needs the assistance of plane technique. When charcoal chalk is used in plane technology, brush wiping can be used in contrast between light and shade. It is more important to use the brush painting method, because the brush can give full play to the width and strength of strokes, and can increase the sense of space and three-dimensional sense. Sketch can also use multi-color brush as the basic material to enhance the sketch effect and artistic quality.

Four. Sketch tool:

1. There are many kinds of sketching tools, such as pencil, charcoal pen, iron pen, chalk, brush, pencil and pen. There are also paintings of diamonds and diamonds. Different tools are related to the nature and composition of sketch, and tools will also affect the painter's mood and skills.

2. The choice of tools depends on the artistic effect that the painter wants to achieve. Generally speaking, dry pen is suitable for making clear lines, and ink pen is suitable for expressing planes; Exquisite strokes can be brushed with a brush, and vast fields can be outlined with a pencil or chalk. Charcoal pen can be used for both.

3. From the size of the work, large-scale sketch works are suitable for drawing with charcoal pen, and the outline and carefulness can be carefully studied and analyzed for a long time. As for pencils, they are suitable for smaller sizes. There are few large pencils, while pen-and-ink drawings are even smaller, and they are often used for illustrations.

Verb (short for verb) Sketch theme:

1. Sketch was originally for painting, sculpture and other arts, but later it developed into an independent art because of its fluency, richness and beauty. Its subject matter can be taken from anything, usually portraits and landscapes, while western sketches are often people and still lives. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, sketches with the theme of daily life appeared again. Others include imagination and abstract sketch, artistic architecture sketch and so on.

2. As for the sketch of the 20th century, it seems to reflect uneasiness, turbulence and scientific progress. Some of them are characterized by thick lines. Other painters try to integrate life into geometric figures (cubism).

3. There are various schools of X-ray technology in the 20th century, that is, seeing outside and inside at the same time. Expressionist painters pursue "expressing the feelings of a scene, not describing the actual face of things", while surrealist painters focus on expressing subconscious psychology.

4. In addition to the various sketches listed above, there are also practical and technical sketches. Practical sketch should clearly record an objective thing. Generally speaking, it does not emphasize aesthetics, but emphasizes technical design. Practical sketches include illustrations and explanations for scientific purposes. Many artists have drawn sketches of scientific explanations.

5. Sketch illustrations in literary works generally describe a paragraph, but they still enjoy a high artistic reputation because they show the painter's unique brushwork style. Related to this is the cartoon, an imaginary picture created for social criticism. From this, it developed into a cartoon, and then evolved into a modern cartoon.

6. Evolution of sketch lines:

1. The liberation of lines: (Engels' innovation of painting lines)

(1). Under the rule of classicism, the function of line itself is inhibited except as a measure of "perfect proportion".

(2) The greatest contribution of anger is to break the limitation that lines are only limited to describing the proportion of objects and images, and expand them to the form of patterns.

(3) In terms of angle, the proportion of human body does not depend on "nature" or experience. He used curves to explore the proportional position and posture of the human body on the screen. This kind of direct use of lines in the processing of pictures emphasizes the flatness of pictures, which makes the importance of things subordinate to the formal requirements.

(4) Pay attention to structure and form, and change the original proportion of things to match the overall visual integrity, and at the same time intervene in pattern composition.

2. Emphasize the meaning of the line itself and the characteristics of expression.

3. The operation of lines becomes the expression of personal inner rhythm and emotion;

(1). The trajectory of a line in the picture is influenced by the spontaneous rhythm of the author.

(2) Delacroix strongly projected his personal feelings on lines, which not only made the function of lines break away from the classical tradition, but also actively pushed sketches into painting, which enhanced the materiality of the obvious brushstrokes in painting and laid the foundation for the development of modern painting.

7. Oriental Sketch:

1. Westerners think that pure sketch is very famous in the Far East, while most artists in China and Japan only use so-called brush sketches instead of opaque pigments to create a whole with direct strokes. In "Persia-Riza", Abasi (Riza Abasi, 1565) also used calligraphy lines instead of colors to express his creation, and used pens and brushes to express his thoughts and fantasies.

2. China's landscapes, orchids, flowers and birds, and ink paintings are really a kind of sketching, free and elegant feeling. Although there are only a few strokes, it also contains the same conditions as oil painting. But also charming, powerful and powerful.

As early as the 2nd century BC, sketches appeared in China. By the end of the Han Dynasty, many murals featuring line drawing appeared. After the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, China's sketches generally appeared on silk, paper and picture books.

8. The artist's attitude towards sketch:

Many artists copied the sketches of other artists, such as Rubens; AD 1577~ 1640), Lyngbrant (rem. Brandt; AD 1609~ 1669) and van Gogh (van Gogh; AD 1853~ 1890)。 The copyist learns the teacher's style and vocabulary by sketching, thus reaching a new height. This is an extremely important step in learning sketch, and it is also the only way to prepare for drawing. The following is the artist's attitude towards sketch:

1. A special style: Degas, Lautrec and Van Gogh.

2. Benefits: in kind. Brandt, Goya.

3. Copy purpose: Du Miai, guys.

4. For connoisseurs: Karachi brothers, Paul BRIL, Lafarge.

5. Sketch as a gift: Michelangelo

Nine. Commonly used sketch terms:

1. Brightness: the degree of lightness or darkness.

2. Proportion: the relationship between one part and another part or the whole in quantity or size.

3. Composition: a configuration method of each part, which is arranged according to the designed format, consistent proportion or repeated system.

4. Contour line: a discontinuous line or a continuous line that describes the shape change forward or backward.

5. Balance: In design or painting, all elements reach a state of balance.

6. Line shadow: Discontinuous lines that are parallel or close enough to form a surface.

7. Three-dimensional expression: control the gradual change of light and shade, create the illusion effect of three-dimensional form, and make the object have three-dimensional characteristics.

X. Concept guidance in teaching:

Understand the light and shade in sketch

1. What is light and shade? (Let students associate freely and arouse old experience)

2. Causes of light and shade: Only when there is a light source will light and shade be generated (whether it is a natural light source or an artificial light source); Without light, our eyes can see nothing.

3. The basic law of light and shade:

(1). The direct light source (facing the light) is the bright part.

(2) Where the light source can't shine (backlight) is the dark part.

(3) The reflected light forms the middle gray part.

4. Use a pencil to express light and shade:

(1). When the pencil is drawn vertically with the nib, the lines drawn are clear and firm; When the pencil is tilted to draw with a pointed abdomen, the strokes and lines are vague and weak.

(2) Arrange the direction of brush strokes to avoid confusion.

5. Precautions for using eraser in pencil drawing:

(1). Beginners often feel dissatisfied with the use of strokes, so they immediately use an eraser, and then erase it if they make mistakes the second time. This is the worst habit. A piece of paper that is easy to hurt will leave a scar on the paper, and then it will become more and more uncertain when drawing, so try to avoid it.

(2) When you make a mistake in the first stroke, you can try to draw the second stroke, so that there is a standard when drawing, which is easy to correct. After all the shades are drawn, gently erase the unused pencil lines with an eraser, so that the whole picture will be much clearer and more lovely.

(3). In fact, many useless line marks in the picture are generally covered by dark parts in the end, so we just need to erase the exposed parts, which is also more labor-saving. At the same time, the unused line marks often become the foil of the main body invisibly, so if we don't erase them, it will be harmless to the picture, and sometimes we will get invisible effects, which we must pay attention to.

6. Performance of guests and hosts:

(1). Everything in front and near should be firm and clear; Everything behind and far away should be faint and vague.

(2) The subject should be clear and obvious, and the subordinate objects should set off the subject.

Basic steps of sketch knowledge:

1. Location (approximate position of an object)

2. Perspective (invisible or visible structure of an object)

Look for a light source (where the light shines)

4. Use perspective to find projection (understand it yourself ..)

5. Find out the dark side, gray side and smooth side (dark side: darkest side, gray side: darker side: side illuminated by light source).

6. Draw the projection and dark surface roughly with flat cable (without explanation ...)

7. Deepen the projection and adjust the darkness in the deepest part of the dark side (no explanation ...)

8. Draw a gray surface (with flat cable)

9. Draw the background (note: set off the object with light and shadow instead of drawing the object with lines) (use a flat cable)

10. Dust the picture with a paper towel (no explanation ...)

1 1. Find the brightest surface and compare the brightness between each smooth surface (unexplained ...)

12. Adjust smooth surface with pencil and eraser (use flat cable ...)

Finally, deal with the imperfect parts of the picture and draw the details (without explanation ...). This is the way to arrange cables.

Basic knowledge of sketch

Sketch is a kind of monochrome painting, using charcoal pen, pencil, pen and so on. Used to draw light and dark objects with lines. Monochrome watercolors and monochromatic oil paintings can also be counted as sketches; China's traditional line drawing and ink painting can also be called sketch. Generally speaking, sketch diversification refers to pencil drawing and charcoal drawing. Sketch is the basis of all painting, and it is a stage that must be passed in learning painting art. Sketch usually uses methods that can leave traces on the plane, such as crayons, charcoal pens, pens, brushes, ink and paper. And other wear caused by wet clay, ink-stained cloth strips, metal, stone tools, containers or cloth surfaces.

Outlines and lines are general terms for sketches. Sketch has a feeling of natural law. Different strokes create different lines, intersecting relationships and rhythms, active and passive surroundings, planes, volumes, tones and textures.

Sketch is a formal artistic creation, which uses monochrome lines to express things in the intuitive world, as well as ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols and even abstract forms. It does not pay attention to the whole and color like color painting, but to the structure and form.

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