The main schools of karate

Karate is a combination of traditional Japanese fighting skills and Ryukyu martial arts Tangjia players, which originated from Japanese martial arts and Ryukyu Tangjia

Karate is a combination of traditional Japanese fighting skills and Ryukyu martial arts Tangjia players, which originated from Japanese martial arts and Ryukyu Tangjia players. Tang Boxing was introduced into Ryukyu from China Wushu and developed by combining it with local Wushu Ryukyu Boxing, while Japanese locals combined wrestling and throwing skills from Kyushu and Honshu with Tang Boxing, and finally formed karate. After World War II, it was widely spread around the world through the propaganda of the US military. Karate includes kicking, hitting, wrestling, grasping, throwing, locking, twisting, reverse technique, acupuncture and other techniques, and some schools also practice weapons. The following is what I have arranged for you:

Guan Tao 1

New museum

Songtaoguan

Date of establishment: 1936

Country of origin: Japan

Founder: Funakoshi Gichin1868–1957, Chuanyue No.1 1906- 1945.

Source Wushu: Okinawa Wushu Jiu Jitsu

Source school: ancient jujitsu and bamboo flowing in the first hand or Shinto Yang Liuxin jujitsu.

Schools of development: He Daoliu, Songtaohui, Qiantang Liu Liu, Shinto Natural Liu Liu, empty-handed and extremely true.

Song Liu is a kind of karate, which was developed from various martial arts by1868.1./kloc-0–1957.4.26 and his son Chuanyue No.1 1906- 1945. Funakoshi Gichin was born in Okinawa. Through a series of martial arts performances, he popularized modern karate and promoted the development of karate clubs in universities including Keio University, Hayata University, hitotsubashi university, takushoku university, Central University, Gakuen University and Hosei University.

After his death in 1957, many students in university clubs and social Dojo continued to teach karate. However, different internal opinions led to the birth of different organizations, including JKA, the Japanese Karate Association in Zheng Min, Zhongshan, and Songtao Club in Jiangshangmao, and other divisions, which led to the fact that although they were all influenced by the ferry crossing, there was no unified Songtao Pavilion.

The origin of a word

Songtao Pavilion is the name of the first official Dojo established by Funakoshi Gichin in Mubai in 1936, which was destroyed by joint bombing in 1945. The wave of pine leaves blown by the wind is the pseudonym of Funakoshi Gichin in his philosophical works and letters to students. "Pavilion" in Japan refers to a house or hall. In memory of their teacher, students in Funakoshi Gichin made a sign called Songtao Pavilion and placed it above the hall where Funakoshi Gichin taught. Funakoshi Gichin never named his school, only called it "karate".

trait

The training of Songtaoge is generally divided into three parts: foundation, shape and team player. The technical feature of basic harmony is a long bridge with powerful movements and steady steps. In order to cultivate the basic skills and steps of beginners and ribbons, Songtaoge is taught in a powerful way rather than a soft way, so it is usually regarded as a very hard and formal martial art ... Those who upgrade to the level of tea ribbon and black belt combine wrestling with some Aikido techniques, which can be found in the shape of black belt. Hand group technique reflects these steps and movements at the basic level, but experienced people will be more flexible.

Major organizations

JKA Japan empty-handed association

ITKF International Traditional Empty-handed Alliance

SKIF International Songtaoguan Karate Lianmeng

ISKF International Pine Peach Pavilion is an empty-handed alliance.

JKS Japan Empty-handed Songtao Alliance

Japan Songtao Pavilion Empty-handed Association

KWF's practice of joining the world alliance empty-handed

Songtaohui sh does not t open.

SKA USA Songtao Pavilion returned empty-handed

Famous practitioner

Lyoto Machida, the former lightweight champion of UFC, is the third section of the Black Belt in Songtao Pavilion, his brother Shinzo Machida is the fourth section, and their father Yoshizo Machida is the seventh section. He is the head of JKA Brazil Branch.

Georges St. Pierre is the current champion of UFC welterweight and the third section of the Black Belt of Tudor Museum.

Former UFC lightweight champion Chuck Liddell the Iceman is a black belt in American karate.

Vitor Belfort, a former UFC light heavyweight champion, recently won the blue ribbon from Songtao Pavilion.

2. Soft flow

Guang Ri Li

Rigid-flexible flow

Date of establishment: about 1930.

Country of origin: Okinawa, Japan

Founder: Miyagi Changshun 1888- 1953.

Current representatives: in alphabetical order

1, Shi Gang Yamaguchi, founder of Rigid-Flexible Society/Yamaguchi Group, just announced.

2. International Okinawa Rigid Karate League/Okinawa, Sheng Nan

3. Shenwumen/and Kenichi Jincheng, the founder of Jing Yi.

4. International Transit Pavilion/Zhinian Huifu

5. Yi Rong Miyagi, founder of Okinawa Shundao Pavilion /Yoshishige Omine.

6. Boxing Club/Waijian Zhehong

7. Jian Xin Guan/Founder of Raul にもふのぬ Chiling Museum

8. Su Dong is firm and gentle.

9. Senbu Pavilion/Seiko Fuqi and Quanchuan Kuanxi

/founder of 10/0 school/Ji Xincheng and John Berta.

1 1, Shangdaoguan/Gabi Shixing

Ji Zheng Shangliguan/Ferry 12

13, Idealism Pavilion/Tomoyuki Kishida

14, Ming martial arts school: the founder of Bamu Mingzhe Bamu Mingde

15, Ogkk, founder of Okinawa Rigid and Soft Karate Association/Miyagi Yiye.

Source: Naha players, Shaolin Nanquan, Fujian White Crane

Development: Exactly.

Rigid-flexible flow is one of the main traditional karate in Okinawa, which is characterized by combining rigid-flexible techniques. The words "just" and "soft" come from19-the famous martial arts book "Wu Bei Zhi" used by Okinawa masters in the 20th century. Stiffness refers to close-hand technique and straight-line attack; Flexibility means the technique of opening the hand and cyclic movement.

Proper breathing is the key. The practice methods of rigid and flexible flow include strengthening and controlling the body, basically approaching the fighting distance, persistence, exerting strength and peer training. Rigid-flexible flow combines circular motion and linear motion in teaching. Rigid-flexible flow combines hard attacks, such as kicking, hitting with closed hands and circulating techniques with open hands, such as attacking and defending. Controlling opponents includes locking, grabbing, throwing and throwing.

history

Due to the lack of archives, the history of rigid-flexible flow is controversial, but we can briefly summarize its origin. As we know, in the process of modernization in Japan, rigid-flexible flow is similar to other martial arts, and has changed from a fighting training to a general education system. Higashionna Liang Kuan noticed this in 1905 and taught martial arts in two different ways. According to different students, at home, the ultimate goal of his teaching Naha players is to kill the enemy. In Naha Commercial High School, he taught Tang Shou to do moral, intellectual, physical and artistic work.

There are two years when it was confirmed that the rigid-flexible stream was established by the Japanese: First, in 1933, the rigid-flexible stream was officially recognized as a kind of martial arts by the Great Japan Martial Arts Association of Japan, which means that it was considered as a contemporary martial arts or a modern martial arts ... The following year, in 1998, the Great Japan Martial Arts Association confirmed karate with both rigidity and flexibility as a traditional ancient martial arts. The confirmation of ancient Wushu shows the change of Japanese society's view on the relationship between Japan, Okinawa and China. Before 1998, only the martial arts practiced by Japanese samurai were considered as ancient martial arts.

Modern Wushu

1933, Gang Rouliu became the first karate school in Japan officially recognized as martial arts by the Japanese Wushu Association, and it was also the only school that represented the history of karate in Okinawa and Japan. This understanding makes karate, which combines rigidity and flexibility, enter modern martial arts or modern martial arts.

The best student in Japan is Miyagi Changshun 1888- 1953. He studied with Dongying at the age of 14. 19 15, Miyagi Changshun and a friend Wu Xiangui went to Fuzhou to visit tojo hideki's teacher. They stayed for a year and studied with several masters, but there was no boxer movement in the past school. Soon after they came back, Dongye Na died. Many students in Donggang continued to study with him, and he taught a type he learned in Fujian Crane Sixth Technical School, which is called flip-flop.

Xu Tian Chongqi, the oldest student in East Japan, established the "East Enliu" and preserved more things closely related to Naha in East Japan.

1930, an all-Japanese martial arts performance was held in Tokyo. Another martial artist asked Shinri Renan, the best student in Miyagi Changshun, what kind of martial arts he practiced. After returning to Okinawa, he reported this situation to Miyagi Changshun, so he decided to name it "Rouliu". A sentence in Miyagi Changshun's poem "Eight Essential Sentences of Boxing" probably means "Eight Rules of Boxing", that is, the eight precepts of martial arts. This poem is a part of China's martial arts medical classic "Wu Bei Zhi". The way to inhale and exhale is that everything in the universe is both rigid and flexible.

type

1 basic type

Basic types are the basis of types. In the rigid-flexible flow, the three-war style is the basis of all other rigid-flexible flows, because it teaches basic movements, basic techniques, strength and luck breathing skills. It is also the basis of body control. The more karate practice this mode, the greater the change of his fist grip mode. The first change of the three-war type is considered to be the basic type.

2-hand grip type

The closed hand type is also the basic type. Learning this pattern after learning the basic pattern is the foundation of the genre, not only the basic movement, but also the basic principle. Traditionally, the open-handed type is used as the second set of professors, or as a "good" student after the study and practice of the three-war combined hand type and/or the flip hand type.

Three-war type: there are two sets of three wars in rigid-flexible flow. Miyagi Changshun's three wars or the first of three wars: Miyagi Changshun was widely taught as the initial and basic creation. In the model, he didn't turn around, went forward empty-handed and then went back. Higashionna's Generous Three Wars or Three Wars II: This is an early complete version of the Three Wars generously taught by Higashionna. In this episode, the empty-handed people always move forward, but there are two turns of 180 degrees.

Turn palm type: Turn palm was founded by Miyagi Changshun in 192 1 as "Soft Three Wars", and a soft version of closed hand type was created to balance the appearance of closed hand type three wars. This is a combination of rigid dynamic tension and smooth hand movement with deep breathing.

3 open hand type

This is a high-order type based on closure. The action intention of opening hands is regarded as a type of "practical reference" and is open to various explanations and decomposition.

Break: This is the first set of high-level rigid-flexible types that students usually learn after breaking the first and second ones in most rigid-flexible organizations. The first three movements are the symbols of this set of wrist-holding throwing techniques. In the middle of the T-shape, the heron stands upright, or the crane steps, making hands and knees at the same time.

Control-induced warfare: The type of control-induced warfare shows the use of techniques of breaking balance, throwing and grabbing in close combat, including hitting, sweeping, falling and throwing.

Four-way tactics: it integrates powerful straight-line attack, palmoplantar process, circular movement and blocking. This is also Miyagi Changshun's favorite style in his later years.

Thirty-six hands: This mode teaches how to bypass the enemy in close combat, while joint kicking emphasizes destroying the flexibility of the enemy.

Eighteen hands: Eighteen hands combine four directions of movement, 45 angle attack, long-range and close-range fighting. This is also the type that Ferry is good at.

Stay and rest: Miyagi Yi Rong is good at China's mantis boxing.

Thirteen Hands: Thirteen Hands is considered to be one of the oldest styles circulating in other Naha schools. Other schools also implement this model or other versions. 108 hands: also known as 100-step company, the highest type of rigid and flexible flow. At first, there were three levels of masters: Go, Go and Go. Later, Miyagi Changshun only retained the highest level of Jo. This is also the type that Yagi Mingde and Dongye Sheng Nan are good at.

4 popular types

In 1940, the Governor of Okinawa Prefecture, General Hayakawa, convened a special karate committee composed of Chairman Shintaro Ishihara, Miyagi Changshun, Kamiya Renqing, Nippon Renan, Koji Miyasato, An Wen of An Tian, Jincheng Jincheng, Kyan Shinei and Changlingjiang Town. The purpose of these people is to create a very basic Okinawa-style independent martial arts school, which can be taught in school physical education classes, instead of creating a standardized karate to popularize kendo and judo like Japan.

This type is not a traditional combination of rigidity and flexibility, but a "promotion type", which is simple enough to be a part of the school physical education class and a part of the school standard karate curriculum, which is different from karate in the Dojo.

Changling established a real pine forest stream as part of the popular first pine forest stream course; Miyagi Changshun founded a popular second school, which is the most popular first school in rigid and flexible courses at present. Some dojos that combine rigidity and flexibility are still practiced first. Miyagi Changshun also founded the second smash, but only the rigid-flexible flow and some of its derivatives are in practice.

Crush the first one:

Founded by Miyagi Changshun in 1936, this is also the first set of rigid and flexible models taught to beginners. It is called the second most popular type among pine forest practitioners.

Crush the second one:

The second one adds some softer techniques, although it is similar to the first one. It includes the use of open palm and circular technique, which is also the second set for beginners.

5 Other non-traditional rigid-flexible flow patterns

Some schools that combine rigidity with flexibility have their own extra types, which are not found in other rigid and flexible courses. Some types are simple basic types, such as popular first or Tai Ji Chuan, and some are high-level types, such as martial arts genre types in Ming Dynasty. There are some rigid and flexible factions of Ji Zheng School in Dukou, such as Shangliting, and other types, such as Gejiha 1 2 and Hu Keyu 1 2. Another unconventional type is the Kurogane Shatuo iron shirt, which is used to train physical and mental endurance.

3. Daoliu

The founder of Dojo Karate is Otsuka Ji Bo, who was born in the 25th year of Meiji. I have been learning jujitsu since I was 6 years old. In the ninth year of Taisho, he went to Zhengming School in Funakoshi Gichin to study karate and Japanese Shinto Yang Jiu Jitsu. /kloc-in 0/3, Da Zheng participated in the performance of Ryukyu Tangshu in the dance and martial arts meeting held in Jining Pavilion Dojo of the Forbidden City. Otsuka Ji Bo performed his own "Down's Sutra Learning" in modern karate, as well as "taking a short knife" and "taking a real sword with a white blade", which was well received. Ji Bo Otsuka was dissatisfied with Mr. Chuanyue's opposition to the training group, and in May of Showa 8, he founded "He Dao Liu", which meant the combination of karate and Japanese Jiu Jitsu. This school is deeply influenced by Jiu Jitsu, among which "parting", "flowing", "pledging", "leading", "entering" and "turning" are the technical characteristics of Jiu Jitsu. The most striking feature of HeDao is fighting technique, which is one of the few karate that can reflect the characteristics of this genre in fighting, and many karate fighting champions appear in this genre. At the same time, this school of karate belongs to Songtao Pavilion, so it is deeply influenced by Songtao Pavilion in routine, but it also has its own characteristics.

The representative groups of Dojo Karate include All-Japan Karate League and Dojo Association, World Dojo Karate League, etc. The greatest strength of Aikido karate is Japanese universities and schools, with powerful karate schools in university sports leagues such as Tokyo University, Tokyo Agriculture, Meiji, Japan, Li Jiao, Japan Dentistry, Tokyo Industry, Tokyo Foreign Studies, Hokkaido, Kumamoto Industry and Fukuoka as the backbone. Arakawa Tong, the current chairman of the All-Japan Karate League, is one of the representatives of Hedo.

Step 4 flow eastward

In the 22nd year of Meiji, Mo Wen Renxian, the founder of Jiaodongliu, was born in Shouli City, Ryukyu, and became a direct disciple of Anzhou Anheng, a famous ceremonial player, at the age of 65,438+03. At the age of 20, he joined the famous Naha player Dong Enna and practiced Naha for two years. Later, I studied karate such as Matsumura School and Xinyuan School, and even learned Japanese Gu Wu Dao instruments other than karate. Renxian and Showa went to Beijing three years later. When he was in Japan, he had a close relationship with Miyagi Changshun and learned from each other.

In the ninth year of Showa, Renxian Dojo and Guandao Dojo were opened in Osaka. They took a word beginning with the names of two teachers as the name of the stream and became Kudongxi. The characteristics of "Xie" can be summarized in three words: "keep, break and leave", that is, faithfully abide by the pattern and then apply the ultimate independence, thus practicing karate in a unique way. Many students in Songtao Museum benefited from Ren.

Kudongliu karate attaches great importance to the cultivation of karate spirit. Mo Wen Renxian, the founder of Kudongliu Karate, emphasized that Kudongliu Karate is a "gentleman's fist" for practicing karate, aiming at cultivating perfect personality and lofty life goals. Mr Mo Wen Ren has a good memory. In order to store the types of Okinawa, there are 47 designated types in his * * *.

The representative groups of Kudongliu are Kudongliu, All Japan Karate League, World Kudongliu Karate League, Linpai Kudongliu, Steam Club, Pedicure Club, Monk Club, Sacred Heart Club and Wuming Club. Starting from 1989, a world-class karate competition will be held every two years.

5. Really.

The Extreme Reality Museum was founded by Dashan Peking University in Tokyo on 1965. Originally known as Cui Yongyi, Dashan Beida was born in Wolong Lane, Longchi, Cash Bank City, Jindi County, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea during the Japanese occupation period. His father Cui seung-hyun? Sister Jin Furong. He is the fourth son of 6 men/kloc-0 women. At the age of 9, he first came into contact with martial arts on his sister's farm in Manchuria. 1938, 15-year-old Dashan and his brother went to Japan and entered the air force school. Later, he studied karate with Chuan Yue Yihao in Songtaotang and got a second black belt. After studying judo for four years, he became a black belt.

After the end of World War II. Dashan studied karate with Cao Ningzhu, who is a firm and flexible person. Cao Ningzhu is famous for her amazing strength and spiritual will, and has a far-reaching influence on the young mountain Beida. He encouraged Dashan to devote himself to martial arts all his life, and suggested that he leave civilized human society for physical and mental seclusion. At this time, Dashan came into contact with Yoshikawa Eiji's book Musashi Miyamoto, from which he learned the Bushido spirit of the blade master and Musashi Miyamoto, and this book became his spiritual mentor.

1947, Oshima Beida participated in a karate competition of an organization. Although he won the championship, he deeply realized that karate competition could not best exercise actual combat ability. After the war, he worked as a bar janitor and was wanted by the gendarmerie for often attacking American soldiers. This time, he chose Qingcheng Mountain in Chiba Prefecture as a refuge. For this fanatical practice, he practiced 12 hours every day, constantly practicing under the cold waterfall every day, breaking stones with his bare hands, punching and kicking tree trunks, and jumping on thorny plants hundreds of times. In the evening, Dashan will practice his mind through meditation and meditation. After 18 months of hard training and refusing to provide food with friends and wives, Dashan finally returned to civilized human society. At this time, he felt that he had completely changed, and it was time to show his strength.

In order to test his own strength and promote the actual karate advocated by himself, Dashan fought with 52 bulls at 1950, among which 3 bulls died on the spot and 49 bulls' horns were cut off by karate hand knives. During 1952, because he could not support himself at home, Oshima Beida went to many places in the United States to show his martial arts publicly and live. During this period, he defeated all 270 opponents, and most of them won by "killing with one blow". Every duel is decided in three minutes. Someone commented on the strength of Dashan Peking University: "When he approaches you, you are finished. No one can resist his attack. If you resist his fist with your arm, your arm will be broken, but if you don't resist, it will be a bone or rib on your body. " It is said that he can twist a ten-dollar coin with his thumb and forefinger, and even break the bottleneck of fourteen bottles of whisky with his bare hands. Because of Dashan Beida's amazing strength and technology, people have since called him "the hand of God".

1953, Dashan Peking University established the first "Dashan Dojo" in Tokyo. At this time, he is at his peak. He merged different martial arts factions, absorbed their weaknesses, and integrated them into the actual karate advocated by himself. In addition, he trained his students very strictly, which laid the foundation for extremely real karate. 1957, the first "Dashan" Dojo was established by Bobby Lowe in Hawaii. Bobby Lowe loves martial arts. I have been trained in China Wushu by my coach's father since I was a child. At the age of 23, he is already a black belt in judo, kendo and aikido. In 1952, such a martial arts master was shocked by Dashan's amazing strength and skills in a karate demonstration in Hawaii, and immediately met Dashan, worshipped him as a teacher and followed his skills. Bobby Lowe also became the first "inner disciple" of the Extreme Reality Museum. The tradition of "if a lion" also comes from this. Every year, Extreme Reality Club will select several elites for 100 days of rigorous training.

The World Headquarters of Extreme Reality Association was established in 1963. It officially opened in Tokyo on 1965. It was named "Extreme Reality" and its full name was "International Karate Union, Extreme Reality Club Hall". Since 1969, it has held an all-Japan karate competition every year and a world karate competition every four years, and it has never stopped, and is famous for its full contact competition. Also because of the strict training, unremitting efforts and tenacious fighting spirit of extreme karate. Ling has been recognized by the global martial arts community. In just over 30 years, Zhen Ji Club has set up branches in more than 20 countries around the world, with more than12 million students, making it one of the largest martial arts organizations in the world.