Innovative slogan of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea

All along, the debate about the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has revolved around the game between China and the United States, China and the Soviet Union, and the United States and the Soviet Union. More widely known is the contest between China and the United States. Volunteer soldiers wrote heroic historical songs with blood and fire, but the smoke of the Korean War was originally caused by the United States and the Soviet Union. What kind of influence did the seemingly indifferent Soviet Union have on the Korean War? Stalin, then the supreme leader of the Soviet Union, was as strong and cold as steel as his name. In Russian, Stalin's original meaning is "steel", but this comrade of steel, who has always been a strongman, shed tears when he heard that the volunteers decided to go to the DPRK to participate in the war.

Let's turn the wheel of history back to 1945. The Second World War is coming to an end, and anyone can realize that Japan's failure is an established fact. 1 February 4, 945 to1February, at the Yalta conference held in secret by the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union gradually reached a * * understanding on the post-war new world order and the distribution of interests among great powers. After Japan's defeat, the independence of the Korean Peninsula was also put on the agenda. At the Yalta Conference, Stalin specifically asked US President Roosevelt whether foreign troops were going to enter North Korea, but Roosevelt did not answer. 1On August 9, 945, on the eve of Japan's surrender, the United States proposed that the Korean Peninsula be occupied by the United States and the Soviet Union respectively, which was recognized by the Soviet Union, thus becoming the fuse for the Korean Peninsula to split into the north and south camps.

The split of the peninsula is not the best ending for the Soviet Union and the United States, but it is not bad, but it is an unacceptable fact for the Korean people. At this time, the people of North and South Korea launched a nationalist movement, demanding the establishment of a Korean state. The United States and the Soviet Union also fostered their own forces in the north and south. From 1949 to 65438+ 10 to 1950, there are more than 2,000 disputes between the DPRK and the ROK near the 38th parallel. This kind of armed conflict escalated, and finally war broke out on June 25th. 1945.

With the disclosure of Soviet archives, we learned that after Stalin agreed, North Korea ordered a surprise attack on South Korea across the 38th parallel. Before 1950 and 1, Stalin had always opposed North Korea's military solution to the issue of peninsula reunification in order to avoid falling into conflict with the United States in the Far East. However, on June 30, 65438, Stalin suddenly sent a telegram to the Soviet ambassador to North Korea, claiming that he was prepared to help North Korea on the issue of peninsula reunification. North Korea was ecstatic, and Stalin also reminded North Korea not to tell China about it for the time being. Why did Stalin suddenly change his attitude towards North Korea at the end of 1 and keep it secret from Chairman Mao and others who were still visiting the Soviet Union?

Refers to the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance and the China-Changchun Railway, Lushunkou and Dalian Agreement signed by China and the Soviet Union in February, 1950. According to these agreements, the Soviet Union agreed to give up its privileges in China, hand over all the rights and property of China-Changchun Railway to China free of charge before 1952, and at the same time transfer Soviet troops from Lushunkou and Dalian. Therefore, it is not difficult for us to understand that the Soviet Union lost its only seaport and ice-free port at this time and went to the Pacific Ocean. At the same time, Stalin also clearly knew that New China would not allow the Soviet Union to lease China port. As a result, the Soviet Union lost its strategic support in Asia, which was a great loss of strategic interests. This is why Stalin agreed to North Korea's attack on South Korea at the end of June 1950+0 before the Sino-Soviet agreement was signed. If the war is won, the Soviet Union will control the whole Korean peninsula, and then ports such as Incheon and Busan on the Korean peninsula will replace Lushunkou and Dalian. Stalin had promised to help China solve the problem of Taiwan Province Province before considering the North Korean issue. Later, he changed his mind, which cannot be said to be Stalin's choice based on the interests of the Soviet Union. When the situation on the Korean battlefield reversed, the question before China and the Soviet Union became whether China would send troops to help North Korea.

In the early days of the war, the Korean army, both military and political leaders, fell into the optimistic thought of a quick victory. 1950 On June 28th, two days after the Korean War broke out, the Korean army seized Seoul and occupied Jinzhou on July 3rd, forcing the Korean army to retreat to Busan. Although North Korea thought it saw the dawn of victory, the delay of the war made China feel more and more prepared to send troops to aid Korea. When Chairman Mao met with the DPRK representatives in August and early September, he pointed out that the mistake of the DPRK army was that it did not set up enough reserves, but distributed troops evenly across the board, instead of annihilating the enemy's effective strength, just trying to repel the enemy and seize territory.

However, at this time, the North Korean side was filled with quick decisions and adventurism. North Korean leaders did not consider the possibility of sending troops by the United States, and expected to end the war in one month. After the US military entered the war, he put forward slogans such as "August will be the month of victory", as if he were desperate to put all his eggs in one basket. But the war has reached an impasse. On September 10, when China suggested that the North Korean army consider a strategic retreat, the North Korean leader's answer was "I have never considered a retreat." 1950 September 15 MacArthur launched the Incheon landing, and the United Nations troops led by the United States raided from the rear of the Korean army, and the situation immediately changed seriously. At this time, China felt that it was inevitable to send troops to North Korea. After the Korean War broke out, China established the Northeast Border Guard, the predecessor of the Volunteers, on July 1950, and went to the northeast to strengthen border defense.

19501010.8, the volunteers have assembled, Chairman Mao has a thorough understanding of China's invasion of North Korea, and China is going to send troops. The reason has been included in the slogan "Resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the motherland". The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea is a war to defend the motherland, national sovereignty and interests. However, at this time, the war in China was raging, the domestic economy suffered extremely serious damage, and the military's weapons, equipment and supplies were also very difficult. So asking for Soviet aid is China's only choice. So Premier Zhou flew to Moscow, and the next day he rushed to Stalin sanatorium near the Black Sea to negotiate with the Soviet Union. At this time, Premier Zhou negotiated with two opinions: sending troops and not sending troops.

As the big brother of the Eastern Group, the Soviet Union undoubtedly has the ability to compete with the United States, but it is precisely because of this ability that the Soviet Union was timid in the Korean War and did not dare to take any noticeable action. When China indicated that it was difficult to send troops, Stalin did not retain them, and even proposed to withdraw the main forces, weapons, materials and personnel of North Korea to the northeast of China, so as to re-enter North Korea in the future. Stalin also said that since China did not intend to send troops, it should consider how to resettle Korean comrades and their armed forces.

According to the domestic agreement in advance, Premier Zhou's opinion of sending troops requires the Soviet Union to provide material assistance and air assistance. At that time, the China Air Force had just been established, and it could not compete with the US Air Force at all, and the loss of air aid in the war would inevitably put the volunteers in great trouble. Although Stalin agreed to provide air support, the premise was that Soviet planes could not cross the Yalu River and could only move in the rear and front to avoid being shot down and captured by the enemy, which would have a very bad influence on the Soviet Union. However, the problem is that the troops from southern China must cross the Yalu River when they enter the DPRK, and the battlefield is also in the territory of the DPRK. The crossing of the Yalu River by the Soviet Air Force meant that no air cover was provided, and the negotiations were once deadlocked.

10 On June10 and June 1 1 day, Premier Zhou held talks with Stalin again, but Stalin's reply about air cover never satisfied China. Stalin insisted that the Soviet air force was not ready and it was impossible to send planes to support the volunteers for two to two and a half months. Finally, the two sides decided to give up North Korea and let the North Korean armed forces temporarily retreat to the northeast of China.

On the day Premier Zhou rushed to the Soviet Union, that is, 654381October 8, Chairman Mao ordered the formation of a volunteer army, appointed Mr. Peng as the commander and political commissar of the volunteer army, and decided to send troops to North Korea. On the same day, Mr. Peng went to the northeast and conveyed the decision to send troops to North Korea on October 9, 65438/KLOC-0.

When the joint telegram of Premier Zhou and Stalin was delivered to Chairman Mao on June+1October 65438+1October 0, it was already the afternoon of June+1October 65438+February. After receiving the telegram, Chairman Mao sent an urgent telegram to Mr. Peng, ordering that it should not be carried out for the time being. The volunteers were still training in situ and did not go out, and asked Mr. Peng to return to Beijing immediately for discussion. On the afternoon of June+10/October 65438+March, the issue of sending troops to Korea was discussed again. The Soviet Union's inability to provide air assistance made the outcome of the war even more unpredictable. No one can be sure whether the American army with strong firepower can win the war. At the meeting, Chairman Mao persuaded Mr. Peng and others to send troops to help North Korea immediately, no matter how difficult it was.

When the telegram of domestic decision to send troops reached Premier Zhou, who was far away from the Soviet Union, he resumed negotiations with the Soviet Union. At this time, Stalin is ready to let the North Korean armed forces withdraw to China and the Soviet Union, and he is also ready to continue to use the issue of air support as a bargaining chip with Premier Zhou. But when Premier Zhou told Stalin that China would send troops to aid Korea regardless of whether the Soviet Union dispatched air force or not, Stalin immediately said that this meant that the volunteers would pay a huge price. China really decided? Premier Zhou replied: "Chairman Mao and the comrades of the Political Bureau have carefully studied and considered these issues." Stalin was shocked and moved by Premier Zhou's statement, so he shed tears. He said, "Comrade China is better."

195010 June19, the volunteer army crossed the Yalu River and went to the Korean battlefield. On the 25th, the volunteers fired the first shot on the Korean battlefield. After several victories, the original "phobia of beauty" was basically eliminated. Volunteer soldiers firmly controlled the Korean War with the victory of the Fifth World War, forcing the United States and the China Volunteers to enter a stalemate stage. From19565438+11June to the end of the Korean War, they were fighting and negotiating. The volunteers not only shocked the United States with the victory in the first stage, but also greatly shocked the Soviet Union. Stalin decided to provide China with a large amount of Soviet weapons aid.

By the time the volunteers are all dressed up, they have entered a period of confrontation between China and the United States. If the Soviet Union provides weapons and equipment assistance from several battles in the early stage of the war, the results will be doubled. 195 1 After the fifth campaign was launched on April 22nd, the United States realized that if it continued, it would be a long-term stalemate war, and China also felt inferior in technology and equipment, so it was difficult to annihilate the enemy's heavily armed groups in a short time. If Soviet equipment had been available at that time, the first five battles would have been fought better, but without the victory of the first five battles, the Soviet Union would not have provided a lot of equipment, which was really helpless. During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Soviet Union provided China with military assistance from 64 army divisions and 23 air divisions. For China, its weapons and equipment not only helped the volunteers to fight in the Korean battlefield, but also helped China to modernize its army in a short time.

However, this kind of assistance is not free and needs to be purchased by China. For this reason, New China was burdened with huge foreign debts, which took 14 years to pay off. Based on the Sino-Soviet friendship after the Korean War, the Soviet Union provided a lot of technical assistance to China, which helped China achieve a leap from scratch in industrialization, which we can't forget and erase. At the same time, we should also know that it is the bloody fighting of volunteer soldiers that has brought peace to China for more than 70 years. The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea is not the name of a warlord, but a war for the people of China to defend their country and the founding of New China!