Illustrate the characteristics of Southeast Asian folk customs with examples.

Cambodia: Buddhism in Cambodia is the state religion, with Buddhists accounting for more than 85% of the national population, and most of them believe in Hinayana Buddhism. Temples are spread all over the country, and the monk king and monks are generally respected. Usually, regardless of social status, a man has to become a monk once in his life, but he can be secular at any time. When visiting the Buddhist temple, you should dress neatly and take off your shoes without your hat. Avoid touching people's heads with your hands.

It is common in the whole country to hold a wedding ceremony, that is, stand on your chest with your palms together and bow slightly. The height of your fingertips depends on your partner's identity. The higher your partner's identity is, the higher your fingertips are. You can also shake hands in social occasions.

Cambodians wear simple clothes. Many people wear barefoot or slippers, but they are more particular in social and formal occasions. Traditional national costumes mainly include sarong, tube skirt, phoenix tail skirt, water cloth and so on. Cambodians love court classical dances and traditional dramas, and folk dances and folk music are also very popular.

The local people mainly eat rice, and they like spicy food such as pepper, onion, ginger, garlic and mint, as well as lettuce and pickled fish. Chopsticks or knives and forks are often used when eating, and the habit of grabbing food with one's hands is still maintained in rural areas.

most traditional houses are tall houses with bamboo and wood structures, about two meters from the ground, with people living above, animals tied below, sundries or vehicles parked. Urban buildings have many styles.

In addition to international festivals, the main local festivals include Cambodian New Year, Royal Farming Festival, King's Birthday, Dead Day, Constitution Day, Paris Agreement Day, Independence Day and Water Delivery Day. Maldives

The Maldives is a Muslim country, with Islam as the state religion, and there are many religious customs, such as banning alcohol and pork. Citizens pray five times a day, at sunrise, at noon, between 3 and 4 pm, at sunset and at night. During this period, the store was closed for 15 minutes.

Maldivian abides by religious customs and is simple and hospitable. Women's social status is quite guaranteed, but generally they don't take the initiative to shake hands with others. When friends arrive home, the host will take out the best food in the house for dinner. When they meet, they hold each other's hands and say hello. The Maldivian family is dominated by men, who can have four wives. A polygamous husband supports each wife and children, and the children have the right to inherit property with their husbands in blood.

Maldives is located in the tropics, with a hot and humid climate. Generally, residential buildings are made of local materials, with coconut trunks as columns, mats woven from bark and leaves as roofs, and coral rubble as walls. Wearing is relatively simple, men usually wear white shirts and long skirts around their waists, and women's clothes are brightly colored, generally without veils, and often wear light tops and long skirts. People take umbrellas to the streets to protect themselves from the sun and rain, and to show their identity.

Maldivians never suffer from dental diseases, because most of them get up and run to the beach to grind their teeth with sea sand. Myanmar

The general characteristics of social customs of Burmese people can be summarized in the following words:

Burmese people in Buddhist countries worship crows as gods; The banyan tree is extremely favored, which is called the national soul of stupa; Religious custom "right is the highest", "left base" and "female base" are deeply rooted; "Don't eat after noon" is the canon, and it is pure to abide by the teachings; People are friendly, polite, hospitable and sincere. In the details of life, there are the following characteristics: Burmese people have always respected monks very much, and the yellow cassock is a symbol of solemnity, loftiness, holiness and inviolability in people's minds. By boat and car, people should stand up and give up their seats when they see monks; At banquets, gatherings and other occasions, monks sit in the best position; Anyone, including the king, should stand on tiptoe to worship the monks; When exorcist has something to see the King of Myanmar, the King of Myanmar should take the initiative to step aside from the throne to show his respect.

The Water-Splashing Festival in Myanmar is a traditional New Year's Festival, which is celebrated for four days around April 13th of the Gregorian calendar every year. During the "Water-splashing Festival", Buddhists have to rush to a nearby temple in the morning to attend the Buddha bathing ceremony and recite auspicious scriptures. Sprinkle perfume on the bodhisattva and pray for blessing. Every household in front of the door is filled with clear water, splashing visitors and passers-by to express their heartfelt wishes. People are excited by how much they are splashed. Buddhists in Myanmar can eat meat, which is different from some Buddhist countries. But Buddhists can't kill.

Burmese people have a custom of "men are right and women are left" no matter what they do. It is said that this means "right is big, left is small" and "right is expensive, left is cheap". In the eyes of Burmese people who believe in Buddhism, banyan trees are very sacred, and banyan trees are stupas. They are worshipping the custom of crows. Regard it as a "god bird" and take care of it. They are generally reluctant to use toilet paper after defecation. Their habit is to can water with water and rinse it with their left hand.

Women of the Bodo nationality in central Myanmar have a strange aesthetic view. They all take pre-growth as a sign of beauty. In order to make the neck longer, they put a brass ring around the neck from childhood, and the copper ring is considered beautiful when it is more than 3 cm high. They also love this ornament on their arms, feet and legs. Tattoos are the beauty of Burmese people in Myanmar. Men's tattoos are more common. Generally, flowers, birds and animals are tattooed on the back, abdomen and legs from the teens. Some women also like to embroider their bodies for decoration. Burmese people prefer east Asian orchids, which are regarded as a symbol of beauty and auspiciousness and called the national flower. They love peacocks. People regard it as a symbol of beauty and happiness. They are used to using red, yellow and bright colors in their lives. They are often used to decorate themselves or beautify the environment.

Etiquette:

Myanmar is a country with many etiquette. Buddhists in Myanmar are used to folding their hands when meeting guests in social occasions. If you wear a hat, you should take it off and put it under your left armpit, and then put your hands together to salute. And said, "Please pay your respects!" When Burmese people meet old people, leaders and scholars who are not familiar with or often meet, if they are sitting on the floor, they should bow down. If you see that the above-mentioned people are familiar, you should sit down and worship. When they come to monks, parents and teachers, they must give a big gift, that is, the "five-body ceremony." When they are old people, leaders and scholars in Lu Yu, they usually bow and bow.

Belief taboo:

Most Burmese believe in Buddhism, and there is a religious rule of "no food after noon"; There are a few people who believe in Christianity and Islam. They are especially afraid to deliver things or food with their left hand. Think that the left hand is dirty and the right hand is clean. Therefore, it is impolite to deliver things with your left hand. Burmese monks are afraid of being given cash. Because the Buddhist precepts contain this content. Burmese people think shoes are the dirtiest and dirtiest things. Therefore, no one can wear shoes to enter any sacred place, otherwise it will defile the holy place and be rewarded. They are afraid to cut their nails on Sunday, thinking that they will be stolen on this day; Avoid cutting on Monday, thinking that cutting on this day will often forget things; Avoid cutting on Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, thinking that cutting on these days is unlucky and will bring disaster; So Burmese people can only cut their nails on Tuesday and Saturday.

When Burmese people give things to others, they must avoid giving things from Monday to Saturday and Sunday, especially clothes and sand cages. Shan people in Myanmar are forbidden to take off their shoes when they go upstairs, or to sit in the fixed seat of the host without the permission of the host; Taboo guests refuse tea and food from their hosts, otherwise they will think you are barbaric or unreasonable; Avoid using bamboo shoots, mushrooms, lettuce and sweet rice balls to entertain guests, thinking that eating these will make you sick. Men of Kachin nationality in Myanmar are generally reluctant to walk downstairs, especially when there are women upstairs, because they think that men can never be inferior to women. They believe that the head can't be touched, and even the headscarf can't be played casually. If someone touches his head or plays with other people's headscarves, it is considered a great insult to him.

Burmese people don't like to eat pork, animal offal, and some people don't eat four-legged animal meat. Kachin people in Myanmar don't eat much pig tails, thinking that eating will be stupid; Do not eat more crow meat, thinking that eating more will be timid; Children avoid eating eggs, thinking that eating eggs will make their hands and feet grow little.

Eating habits:

Burmese people in Myanmar like to eat coconut milk rice and glutinous rice with turmeric powder, shredded coconut and dried shrimps. Every meal must eat a kind of fish and shrimp sauce called "Yabi"; Curry is a favorite dish. Kachin people in Myanmar like to eat animal meat. They are used to roasting food with fire, sprinkling salt after roasting and tearing it with their hands. Karen people in Myanmar, regardless of gender, age and age, smoke pipes. Wine column is a daily necessity, and people should entertain themselves with wine at any ceremony. Burmese people generally like western food in the morning and Chinese food in the afternoon and evening. The dining table likes to have condiments such as Chili oil and Chili sauce. They are used to eating a spoon and a soup plate, but they are not used to using bowls. The "tool" for eating is the right hand, so it is dexterous and convenient to grab food and take food. They are happy to have dinner together after dinner. Malaysia

The general characteristics of Malaysians' social customs can be summarized in the following sentences:

Malaysia's "Islam" is regarded as the state religion and values dignity; There are many taboos in living customs, and it is common to love green; Traditional etiquette and etiquette, "God bless" as a wish; Treat people with enthusiasm and loyalty, and stress faithfulness and punctuality; Good-natured and simple, folk customs and harmony are handed down from generation to generation.

Details of life: (omitted)

Etiquette:

When guests meet on social contracts in Malaysia, they usually shake hands. When young people meet old people, they usually hold hands with each other, and then hold their hands in front of their chest and bend forward (such as bowing). When they meet people who are familiar with each other, men usually touch each other's right hands, and then touch their chests with their right hands to show their courtesy. When a Malaysian woman sees a man, she should cover her palm with a towel before giving a gift, then touch the palm of the man's hand, then reach out to her chest for a hug, and at the same time bend forward slightly and bow. This is a traditional way for Malaysian women to be polite to men. In addition, they also have a strange way of giving gifts: when they meet, they should first move closer to each other, then extend their palms to each other, intersection angle Mo, then gently wipe their hands from top to bottom, and then move to their chests, and at the same time say to each other, "May God bless you!" .

Religious taboos:

Most Malaysians believe in Islam, while a few people believe in Buddhism, Christianity, Catholicism and Hinduism. Malaysians abide by religious rules, and guests never reserve drinks, but use tea or other drinks instead of wine. Their heads and backs are regarded as sacred and inviolable. If someone touches their heads or slaps their backs, they will not be treated kindly, or even make trouble. They are taboo to sit with their legs apart and cross their legs. They are taboo to deliver things or food with their left hand. Think that the left hand is despicable and unclean. If the guests don't eat or drink in the main house, it is disrespectful to the host, and will cause the host's disgust, and some will even be regarded as unwelcome people. Malaysians are afraid of turtles. It is considered as an unlucky animal, giving people the impression of "pornography", "aphrodisiac" and "insult". Malays not only prohibit eating pork and dog meat; Nor eat the meat and blood of animals that have died; They also taboo the use of pig products.

Eating habits:

Generally, Malaysian food is mainly rice, cakes, coconut milk and curry; I like spicy dishes. Generally, people grab food with their hands, and only occasionally use spoons and forks at western-style banquets.

Singapore is a country of Chinese-Chinese in Singapore mainly come from Guangdong, Fujian, Shanghai and Hainan. The occupations of Chinese people are all-encompassing, but they have generally inherited the tradition of their ancestors. Most of them are Cantonese Chinese who run the catering and brewing industries, and most of them are Fujian Chinese who are engaged in the trading industry, while most of them are engaged in factory services or chefs in Guangdong Chaozhou Group and Hainan Province.

Overseas Chinese have a strong sense of local culture. Many people have parents here and brothers there, and they are very happy to go back to their motherland for business. Sharing weal and woe and not being afraid of violence is their national style passed down from generation to generation, but they are very concerned about face. Because face is very important, "face" plays a decisive role in negotiation skills. When it comes to major substantive issues, it is easy to sign and defend the evidence. It seems that there is a meaning of letting opponents "speak without evidence". However, on the other hand, the "face" is that after signing the contract, in order not to be ashamed of others, they always abide by their credibility and earnestly perform their duties. Therefore, in the eyes of foreign businessmen, Singaporean businessmen have always had the virtues of diligence, honesty, modesty and reliability. When negotiating with Singaporeans, we must not only treat each other with sincerity, but more importantly, we should consider giving each other face. We might as well say a few more modest words of "advice" and "care". It is worth mentioning that trading with overseas Chinese and negotiating in dialects can sometimes play a unique role. When you meet a businessman who speaks Chaozhou dialect, you should first offer a Chaozhou accent of "Don't mention it", which gives people a feeling of being at home. Others like Cantonese and Yunnan also contribute to the negotiation and success.

In Singapore, you have to take off your shoes when entering a mosque. In some people's homes, you have to take off your shoes when you enter the house. Singapore has been westernized due to the influence of Britain in the past. However, the local people still retain the traditional habits of many ethnic groups, so the ways of greeting are different. The most common way is to shake hands when people meet, and to bow gently to the orientals.

Singaporeans usually treat guests to lunch or dinner. Be careful not to use your left hand when eating with Indians or Malays in Singapore. When eating at a Singaporean's home, you can bring a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates as a gift. When talking, avoid talking about politics and religion. You can talk about your travels, the countries you have been to and Singapore's economic achievements.

Singaporeans are generally very popular with red, green and blue, and regard purple and black as unlucky, while black, white and yellow are taboo. Oppose the use of the form and profile of Tathagata in business. On the sign, it is forbidden to use religious words and symbolic signs. I like double happiness, elephants and bats. Number taboos 4, 7, 8, 13, 37 and 69.

Before Singapore's independence, weeds were overgrown and mosquitoes and flies were everywhere. Today, 26 years later, it is known as the "beautiful garden city". Tourism is very developed, with four or five million tourists visiting here every year. Between high-rise buildings, there are large open spaces for greening, with flower stands and flower beds, and flowers and plants are widely planted. Therefore, in addition to asphalt roads and paved sidewalks, the urban ground is covered with flowers and trees, which can be said to be "the loess can't see the sky". In addition to attracting worldwide attention, Singapore has excellent urban environmental sanitation and fresh and pleasant air. The streets in the city are very clean, and there is no garbage on the roads. Even the buildings are extremely clean and spotless. It is strictly forbidden to throw cigarette butts and sundries on the street. Littering paper scraps and cigarette butts will be fined 5 Singapore dollars. There is no spitting. According to the Singapore government, citizens who grow flowers better can enjoy preferential rent reduction. Therefore, everyone in Singapore loves flowers, and every family grows flowers, not only on the ground, but also on the roof. It is really a sea of flowers. Therefore, Singapore is also known as "Garden Country", "Garden City" and "Park Country".

Members of Congress are elected by the people for a term of five years. Singapore is a civilized country, and being polite has become their code of conduct. When conducting trade negotiations in Singapore, don't cross your legs, otherwise it will ruin the chance of business. If you don't know it, you'll bump your feet so that the soles are facing each other, and the deal will fall through. Even touching each other a little unintentionally will be considered intolerable.

In order to make everyone polite, the Singapore government has also made some regulations on politeness: clerk courtesy: customers come to the door and greet with smiles; Customers choose and buy, take the initiative to introduce, and never tire of picking; Customers ask questions, listen carefully and answer them carefully; Customers leave, send them off warmly and say goodbye politely. Courtesy between neighbors, neighbors should greet each other when they meet. Invite your neighbors to visit you on holidays. Help neighbors