Ask for help in writing self-evaluation comments on accounting practice.

In a blink of an eye, my junior year has flown through my fingers, and our hiding in the ivory tower seems to be over. However, there are always doubts about whether we can adapt to the needs of this complex and changeable society and whether the theoretical knowledge we usually study in textbooks can be well combined with practical work. With such mixed feelings, I started my own internship journey. From July 4, 2008 to July 26, 2008, I worked as an intern in Management Consulting Department II of Da Lian Certified Public Accountants. During my internship, two other students and I undertook the accounting statement conversion business of two China companies that are going to be listed in the United States. I work with an employee in this department to be responsible for the conversion, various expenses and impairment of long-term investment in fixed assets. Through two weeks of internship, under the careful guidance of department leaders and employees, I have gained a lot. Now I will briefly summarize the internship situation:

1. Deepening of professional knowledge.

(1) Accounting is a science of seeking truth from facts, which has strengthened my sense of responsibility. During my internship, I worked in a China company that will be listed in the United States in the future. Now we can see that there are many potential investors. These potential investors need to analyze and judge the financial report according to the financial report of the enterprise, so as to evaluate the future asset status and profitability of the enterprise and finally decide whether to invest and at what price. In this way, the authenticity of financial reports is particularly important, and the standard for measuring the authenticity of financial reports is recognized accounting standards. Only when financial reports conform to generally accepted accounting standards can report users make correct judgments, investors can obtain expected future returns while ensuring the safety of investment assets, and enterprises can maximize their own value. Otherwise, there may be two outcomes. First of all, investors can't get the expected income, or even all the invested assets can't be recovered, which eventually leads to the failure of the normal operation of the enterprise, and the owner of the enterprise should bear the corresponding legal responsibilities. The second is that enterprises can't get the most money, and even need investors to pay too much interest in exchange for the funds needed for enterprise development, so the owners of enterprises have suffered undue losses.

Therefore, I have a deeper understanding of the importance of work, and at the same time I am more cautious about my work, fearing that my small mistakes will cause losses to the company. This rigorous work attitude is essential in any job, so it taught me the first lesson of stepping into society in the future.

(2) "substance is more important than form". At the beginning, my understanding was that the confirmation and measurement of accounting should not be based on legal form. I intuitively understand the true meaning of this sentence by cooperating with the department staff to undertake the process of long-term investment report project transformation. For a fixed asset being used by the company, due to the company's own needs, the purchase invoice will be issued to a senior manager of the company, and the employee will sign a letter of commitment with the company, promising to give up all rights of the asset without undertaking any obligations, and all rights and obligations will be owned by the company. As far as I know, because the property right of this asset does not belong to the company, it should not be recognized as the company's assets.

After the explanation of the department staff, I really understood the true meaning of "substance is more important than form". The recognition basis of assets mainly includes that the ownership belongs to the company, which can bring economic benefits to the company, and its value can be measured in money. For this asset, the use of this asset has indeed brought tangible or intangible economic benefits to the company, and this asset can also be measured by money. Regarding ownership, ownership is legally divided into property right, use right and disposal right. Although, on the surface, the company has no property right to the asset, which leads to the fact that the right to use and dispose of the asset cannot be recognized as the company's own, through that paper commitment, all rights have been clearly transferred to the company, which has legal effect after consulting legal experts, that is to say, the company has actual property right, right to use and dispose of the asset, and at the same time the company also assumes all obligations for the asset, so the company is responsible for accounting.

During the reporting period, the company acquired a foreign-invested enterprise and changed its equity. On the surface, this is a merger and acquisition transaction. However, it is found that the real purpose of the company's acquisition of this enterprise is to enjoy the tax exemption policy for foreign-invested enterprises. The enterprise has been punished by the administrative department for industry and commerce for revoking its business license because its investment is not in place. The company did not pay the consideration for obtaining this long-term investment. The company has obtained long-term investment by injecting capital into the enterprise. Since then, the business scope of the enterprise has undergone subversive changes to adapt to the company's business types.

According to these facts, the question of whether consolidated accounting is applicable is discussed. The discussion process is as follows: First of all, since its establishment, the enterprise has not invested capital in place and has no business activities, so it is commonly known as a shell company internationally. Second, because the enterprise is a shell company and has no assets of its own, it has no fair value. Third, because the company obtains this long-term investment in order to take advantage of its reasonable tax avoidance, the enterprise can be regarded as a "special purpose company" at the same time, and its value cannot be measured by money. Fourth, the company will completely reorganize the enterprise, because the intangible assets that may exist in the enterprise will not bring any economic benefits to the company. Therefore, it should not be regarded as a merger and acquisition transaction in accounting, but as a new design in disguise. As a result of this judgment, the company's long-term investment is measured by the book value of the assets actually paid, not by the fair value of the enterprise.

From this, I deeply understand the importance of "substance over form" to accounting. Any economic business, if handled only in its external form, will often lead to the distortion of accounting information. Only by grasping its essence can we truly understand the essence of economic activities; Only according to the real economic essence can we accurately use generally accepted accounting standards for corresponding accounting treatment; Only the accurate application of generally accepted accounting standards can reflect the true accounting information; Only by reflecting the true accounting information item by item can the authenticity of financial reports be guaranteed.

(3) Have a deeper understanding of fair value. The introduction of fair value stems from a basic economic concept, that is, any transaction should be based on fairness, so there are laws and regulations against unfair competition and monopoly, with the aim of creating a fair business environment. In accounting, if there is unfair trade, it will lead to two problems: First, some enterprises use unfair trade to whitewash their operating results. Second, due to unfair trade, the operating conditions of some enterprises are underestimated. In order to avoid this problem, the concept of fair value is cited. The core of the definition of fair value in American GAAP is that the transaction price of independent parties is fair value without obvious interest infringement. In order to facilitate operation and avoid possible problems, in the United States, where the capital market is very developed, fair value takes precedence over the price in the open trading market; Secondly, there are two independent parties, and the transaction price has definite evidence to prove that it does not infringe on the interests of either party, which is fair value; Third, the result of evaluation by an independent third party according to recognized methods is regarded as fair value and so on. In American GAAP, the definition of fair value clearly stipulates that the transaction price cannot be directly recognized as fair value if there is an associated relationship between the two parties. These places clearly embody this accounting concept.

During my internship, a merger and acquisition transaction of the company gave me a perceptual understanding of the accounting treatment of fair value in actual business. During the reporting period, the company acquired a domestic unlisted company. It is understood that the purpose of the company's acquisition of domestic companies is that the business scope, production technology, product types and customers of the two companies are very similar, and they have become competitors of the company. In order to reduce competition, the boss of the company decided to buy the domestic company. Domestic companies are unlisted, and there is no public transaction price. There is no evidence to prove that there is a relationship between the transferee and the transferee. Based on these facts, the department head, the project manager and the employees of the department decided after repeated discussions that this transaction was a merger, M&A accounting was applied, and the transaction price was confirmed as fair value. In the process of accounting treatment, the distribution of fair value among various assets has become the most critical link in the whole M&A accounting. I am responsible for the distribution of fair value in fixed assets in cooperation with department employees. Under the guidance of the department staff, I compiled a table with Excel, listing the details of fixed assets, and allocated the fair value according to the proportion of book cost of fixed assets to fixed assets.

(4) Understand the differences between Chinese and American accounting standards. In the course of work, the department staff gave a detailed explanation of M&A accounting, which made me understand that the most important difference between Chinese and American accounting standards is that there is a special accounting treatment method in American M&A accounting standards, that is, "push-down accounting". Its essence is that when the parent company holds more than 97% of the equity of the invested enterprise, the goodwill of the parent company needs to be pushed down to the invested enterprise. There is no relevant provision in China accounting standards, that is, if the parent company holds more than 97% of the equity of the invested enterprise, the difference between the payment consideration and the fair value needs to be pushed down to the invested enterprise under US GAAP, while under China accounting standards, when the parent company holds more than 97% of the equity of the invested enterprise, the difference between the payment consideration and the fair value does not need to be pushed down to the invested enterprise. Although push-down accounting is not involved this time, I have carefully read the relevant working papers and understood the specific handling methods of push-down accounting.

After this internship, I deeply realized that long-term investment is the most difficult link in accounting, especially under American GAAP, and its complexity is unimaginable. At the same time, I feel that my knowledge is seriously insufficient. During my internship, I often hear that department managers and project managers often talk about "reorganization", "merger", "translation", "reverse merger" and "convertible economic interest entities" in the future listing process. I consulted the staff of the department privately, and he gave me a detailed explanation, but I still have a little knowledge and can only say a little. As for different ways, different accounting treatment methods are needed. I really have no idea. I found that I still have a lot of knowledge to learn and improve for long-term investment.

(5) Internal control is an important system for the successful management of modern enterprises. In my usual study, I noticed that China's accounting circles pay more and more attention to the internal control of enterprises. On June 28th, 2008, the Ministry of Finance, together with the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the National Audit Office, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, formulated the Basic Standards for Enterprise Internal Control, which was implemented in listed companies on July 1 2009, encouraging large and medium-sized unlisted enterprises to implement it, which indicates that great progress has been made in the construction of enterprise internal control system in China. But I have never understood the relationship between internal control and financial reporting. During my internship, I really understood the importance of internal control for financial reporting. First of all, without perfect internal control, it is impossible to ensure the rational utilization of economic resources. Secondly, without perfect internal control, it is easy to cause unnecessary economic losses. Thirdly, there is no perfect internal control to ensure the safety of assets. Finally, there is no perfect internal control, which increases the risk of misstatement and omission of financial reports. Take the fixed assets undertaken by employees of our cooperation department as an example. Without perfect internal control over the purchase of fixed assets, companies may blindly or even repeatedly purchase fixed assets, which cannot guarantee the rational utilization of wage economic resources, resulting in idleness and waste of economic resources. In addition, the company may buy fixed assets without price comparison, and it is likely to buy fixed assets at too high a price, which creates a hotbed of corruption and leads to unnecessary economic losses for the company. There is no perfect internal control over the storage and inspection of fixed assets, which is likely to cause problems such as overuse, improper storage and even loss of assets, causing unnecessary economic losses to the company. Without perfect internal control of fixed assets value inspection, the problem of asset value distortion is likely to occur. The emergence of these problems eventually leads to the distortion of the value of fixed assets disclosed in the financial report, which leads to the misjudgment of the company's financial situation by the users of the report, and finally makes a wrong judgment.

During this internship, I cooperated with the staff of the department, conducted a comprehensive test of the internal control of the company's fixed assets through interviews and inspections, made an overall evaluation of the company's internal control, and put forward opinions and suggestions on the shortcomings of the company's internal control.

Through practice, I deeply realize that internal control is a system or environment. Internal control cannot be completed by one department or one person. What is needed is the full cooperation of all departments and employees, clear rights and obligations, and smooth and fast information transmission. The key of internal control is to find or design the control points that may be defective in many business processes of the company, and to effectively control these control points. The key to control is to contain each other and establish effective internal audit. To evaluate a company's internal control, we usually evaluate it from two aspects. The first is the comprehensiveness and applicability of the internal control system, and the second is the effectiveness of its implementation. Simply put, the internal control system must conform to the actual situation of the company, leaving no "dead ends". In the process of implementation, we must strictly abide by the law. At present, the popular internal control usually adopts computer system to control and execute, which is also commonly known as "ERP system". The advantages of using ERP system are avoiding the influence of internal control factors, fast information transmission, low distortion rate and saving management costs.

2. Perception of life attitude.

(1) Teamwork, communication with people, can gain more. The two tasks undertaken by the company are undertaken by a team. In this team, everyone is an indispensable part, and everyone has a clear division of labor. At the same time, all parts need to cooperate with each other, and only by working together can one thing be done well. In this kind of cooperation, communication is particularly important. It is a kind of ability and skill. If used properly, things will get twice the result with half the effort and problems can be solved in a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere. At school, I am a fickle person, and I can handle it well with my teachers, classmates and colleagues. But when I arrived at the internship unit, I was at a loss because of the sudden change of environment. I don't know how to communicate with so many elders older than myself, and I don't know how to express so much professional knowledge, so I took many detours in my work. After several losses, I began to reflect, and decided to actively consult my predecessors, communicate more with my colleagues, and put down my college students' airs. Sure enough, I was able to get along well with my colleagues and my work seemed a little easier.

(2) Patience and enthusiasm for work can ignite the spark of success. Passion and patience, seemingly completely different things, can be the two keys to success through our own integration. Passionate, passionate about work, willing to fight for the same goal; Treat the work patiently, strive to do every detail and strive for perfection. Passion and patience complement each other, so that the most beautiful sparks can collide and the work can be done best. When I first arrived at the company, I always felt condescending. I always feel that I have to take up my vacation time to go out for an internship, and I have to look at other people's glances. If you don't do well, you will be scolded and have great psychological pressure. Therefore, in the first few days, I was always complaining, and I was dissatisfied with everything of my friends and family. Coupled with the unfamiliar accounting business, I always hit a wall and my mood is getting more and more agitated. After self-adjustment and encouragement from my family, I finally understand that not everything will happen according to my own wishes. There are many things in life that we can't choose. The key lies in what kind of mentality to face when you encounter something you don't like. A positive face will make things go on in your relaxed mood, and a negative face will only make you more depressed, and the result of things can be imagined. Therefore, when you encounter a job you don't like, you should try to build up your interest and make yourself like it. Secondly, you should have the patience to promote and put everything into practice.

The internship was short, but it taught me a very important lesson and an important experience in my life. I will take what I have learned from this experience as the wealth of my life, and make good use of this wealth to create greater wealth in my life.

PS: This article is the best I have found. . Those other things are just general remarks. . I tried to find it. . . You just have to think for yourself.