Is sea urchin thorn poisonous? How to prevent it?

Sea urchins can be divided into toxic and non-toxic, and some sea urchins have toxins on their spines.

How to distinguish poisonous sea urchins: poisonous sea urchins look much more beautiful than nontoxic sea urchins, and their colors may be brighter.

2, prevention and control:

First aid and prevention of sea urchin stab wounds;

(1) After the sea urchin is stabbed, carefully check whether there is any residual sea urchin spinous process in the wound, and take surgery if necessary.

After taking it out, apply anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and analgesic drugs to prevent secondary infection; first aid

② If poisoning symptoms appear after being stabbed by sea urchin, they should be sent to hospital immediately for treatment; first aid

(3) Fishermen, researchers and explorers should strengthen personal protection, wear gloves and avoid touching sea urchins with their hands to avoid being stabbed by sea urchins; prevent

(4) Visitors who play in the reef forest or the hard mud shallow sea area should also do personal protection to avoid touching or touching sea urchins. prevent

After being stabbed by sea urchin, there may be several poisoning symptoms:

After being stabbed by a sea urchin, you will feel hot and painful immediately. The pain will last for several hours and the skin will bleed. Soon, edema, erythema and occasional blisters will appear around the wound, and the rash will gradually fade after 1-2 weeks.

② Within 1 year after stab wound, local round hard nodules of about 0.2-0.5cm appeared, single or multiple. There are warts on the surface of nodules, which are hard, reddish or cyan, generally painless or slightly tender, and mostly occur in the hands. This granulomatous nodule may be that the tip of the fragile thorn left in the skin after the sea urchin pricked the skin, and a foreign body granuloma was formed several months later.

③ Invasive plaque injury can occur simultaneously or independently with granuloma. Within a few months after stabbing the skin, diffuse dark red infiltration appeared locally, mainly in the fingers. In the later stage, there may be spindle-shaped deformity of fingers, and there are symptoms of localized bone destruction and synovitis near finger joints, which limits the movement of fingers. This symptom can not be cured for a long time, and a few can be absorbed naturally.

④ After the venom or neurotoxin in sea urchin is injected into human body, in addition to local skin damage, sometimes there may be different degrees of systemic poisoning symptoms, such as dizziness, headache, palpitation, decreased blood pressure, dyspnea, facial paralysis, and even general paralysis and death.

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Sea urchin is an ancient creature in the ocean, which is closely related to starfish and sea cucumber. According to scientific research, it has existed on the earth for hundreds of millions of years. In the distant Paleozoic and Mesozoic, there were many kinds of them, and as many as 5000 kinds of sea urchin fossils were found. Due to the passage of time, the fossils of sea urchins were found on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Many extinct species are symbolic fossils of Paleozoic and Mesozoic.

The earliest known sea urchins were found in rocks in the early Ordovician. They can survive today because they are successful and diverse creatures. Even the spine can be preserved in well-preserved specimens, but most of them are only hard-shell specimens. Sometimes individual spines can be found on fossils. Some sea urchins (such as Tylocidaris clavigera, discovered in Britain in Cretaceous) have rod-shaped spines, which make it difficult for predators to break through and make this sea urchin look difficult to deal with. These thorns are also conducive to movement on the soft seabed.

There are two kinds of organs that produce toxins in sea urchins: spines and spines. Eating gonads and ovaries of sea urchins during the breeding season or being stabbed by thorns or thorns can cause poisoning. Dozens of reported sea urchins, such as white spines, spherical sea urchins, poisonous sea urchins and stone pens, are all toxic. The effects of sea urchin toxins are different, some of which can lead to breathing difficulties, muscle paralysis, convulsions and even death in animals;

Some of them can dissolve red blood cells of animals, activate the heart and make muscles unresponsive to indirect stimuli, which has potential medicinal value. In addition, the extract of Bletilla striata venom gland has contractile effect on isolated smooth muscle, which is proportional to the dose of toxin. The coronary circulation of rat heart perfused with intestinal cells changed the amplitude and speed of heart beating, causing different degrees of heart block. There is also toxic and heat-labile protein in Bletilla striata, whose main function is to release histamine and produce kinin, indicating that this substance has potential medicinal value. ? Pharmacological activity and function of some sea urchins: sea urchin toxin is soluble in water.

There are highly toxic substances in the spherical spines of Nitraria albiflora, which are non-dialyzable and stable in the pH range of 4.3- 10.6, but inactivated at 45.0-47.5℃. The brine extract of Echinococcus globulus contains toxic substances, which can be dialyzed and is not heat-resistant. It will be destroyed after being stored in 0.25mol/LNaOH solution for 65,438 0-2 hours, and its effect is similar to that of acetylcholine.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia/Sea urchin Toxin