The type of rat and its living habits. And the disasters he brought?

1. The Harm of Rats to Humans Rats are one of the animals that are most closely related to humans. Ever since humans began to settle down for farming and have homes, rats have relied on humans for a living and have harmed humans everywhere. There are many types, large numbers, and strong adaptability. It has been able to survive from ancient times to the present day despite everyone's shouting and beating, and has become an uninvited and unwelcome guest of human beings. The current number of various rodents in our country is four times the number of people. Such a large group, whether it spreads diseases, harms the economy, or causes ubiquitous damage, is a warning that we must resolutely put the rodents to death. quick. In order to better eliminate rats, the habits and hazards of rats are introduced as follows: 1. Rat reproduction and living habits ⒈ Rats reproduce very quickly. Each female rat breeds an average of 44.5 young rats per year to join the population. A pair of adult rats A rat will have 15,000 offspring in one year, which can be said to be ten generations living under one roof. As the saying goes, "One male plus one female, three years and two hundred and five years." Spring and autumn are the peak breeding seasons for mice. If the food and hiding conditions are suitable, the population can be reproduced in all seasons. ⒉ Rats are greedy animals. Due to their high activity, fast growth and large food intake, rats eat one-tenth to one-fifth of their own weight in food every day. The food they eat is ruined and soiled by them. More. A rough estimate of the ratio of the three is that one part is eaten, two parts are spoiled, and four parts are soiled. In addition, eating and moving is even more harmful. ⒊ Although mice are color blind and cannot distinguish between colors, they can detect moving objects in a very dark environment and distinguish objects of different sizes and shapes. The longest distance can reach 15 meters, but the visual object is gray, so use bright yellow or bright green as poison bait to reduce bird feeding. ⒋ Rats have very keen hearing. Not only are they sensitive to sudden small sounds, they can also hear ultrasonic waves that vibrate less than 15,000 times per second, and send out ultrasonic waves to communicate with each other, while humans and cats hear nothing. ⒌ Rats also have relatively developed senses of smell and taste. Used to determine the location of food and identify smells, its sense of touch is quite alert. Its beard and hard hairs all over its body allow it to move freely along walls and holes in the dark. ⒍Rats are good at climbing and can jump from a height of 15 meters without being hurt. Rats are good swimmers and can dive for 30-80 seconds and float in the water for 70 hours. Rats are good at digging holes. They can make nests in any corner, grass, or pile of debris that can be used as a hiding place. There are usually 2-4 holes. They store a large amount of food in the holes. Rats can survive in food cold storage at minus 24 degrees Celsius. Breeding, can also live in conditions of 40 degrees above zero. ⒎ The teeth of rats can grow up to 13 centimeters in their lifetime, so they need to constantly chew on hard objects. Especially when they are not hungry, they need to chew on relatively hard furniture, doors, windows, and walls. One is to open up passages, and the other is to grind their teeth. Its bite is very powerful, with a chewing force of up to 260 kilograms per centimeter and a frequency of 90 times per minute, which is quite destructive. ⒏ The dominant populations in Beijing are Mus musculus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. Mus musculus musculus can drill through a 6 mm hole, and Rattus norvegicus can drill through any hole larger than 1.25 cm. Climb over horizontal or vertical cables and walk horizontally on any form of pipe. 2. Rodents cause huge losses to agriculture, animal husbandry and industry. Food losses caused by rodents in the world can reach up to 15%-20% of the harvest, which is equivalent to the gross national income of 25 poor countries and enough to feed 150 million people for the whole year. . In our country, nearly ten million acres of forest and one billion acres of grassland are destroyed and turned into deserts or barren continents every year, resulting in losses of more than 3 billion yuan. The losses caused by rodent infestation in urban industries are very serious. Rats bite cable insulation materials and cause short circuits. They drill into transformers and cause explosions. They cause strong magnetic field induced breakdown in high-voltage lines and burn down equipment. Many unexplained fires in the city are related to rats chewing damaged electrical circuits. As for chewing various items in residents' homes, there are countless cases. 3. Rats can spread various diseases. Rats can spread diseases directly to humans or to humans and animals through ectoparasites. Rats can transmit more than 35 kinds of diseases, such as plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, typhus, etc. Experts estimate that more lives have been lost to rodent-borne diseases than in all wars in history combined.

Beijing is also an epidemic area of ??epidemic hemorrhagic fever. In 1997, 22 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever occurred in Beijing. In May 1998, 24 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever occurred. In May 1999, the incidence rate of epidemic hemorrhagic fever exceeded that of 1998. The total of the whole year shows that the scientific deduction that every 10 years is the peak period of rat-borne diseases is very correct. Epidemic hemorrhagic fever mainly damages kidney function. The symptoms of the disease are severe, mainly high fever, bleeding, shock, and renal failure. The course of the disease is long, and the mortality rate is as high as 5-10%. The curative effect is good in the early and middle stages of the disease. Ineffective. 2. How to eliminate rodent pests ⒈ Master the rodent control standards and do monitoring before and after extermination ⑴ Apply 2 pieces of powder per 15 square meters of room (20x20 cm along the wall, about 2 cents thick fossil powder), the positive powder will disappear after one night More than 3%; no more than 2% of rooms with rat holes, rat droppings and rat bite marks; no more than 5% of rooms with unqualified anti-rodent facilities in key units. ⑵ The total area of ??different types of outdoor environments is 2,000 meters, and there are no more than 5 rat traces. ⒉ Environmental management ⑴ Before eradicating rats, it is necessary to cut off rat food in a timely manner, thoroughly remove garbage, control grain and food that do not meet regulations, especially leftovers from the catering industry, which must be sealed and stored, and kitchen waste must be sealed and transported in a timely manner. ⑵ Abandoned food and stagnant water in the external environment that can be eaten by rats should be cleaned up in time. Three standards for anti-rodent facilities: 1. Doors and windows must be tightly sealed. The gaps between doors and door frames, windows and window edges should be less than 6 mm. The wooden doors of food processing rooms, sales halls, food and medicine warehouses, non-staple food warehouses and other places that may attract rodents. The lower edge should be inlaid with 30cm high iron sheets inside and outside; windows and ventilation holes in the basement or on the first floor of the building should be installed with 13x13mm wire mesh. ⒉ The holes where various pipes or cables enter and exit the building are blocked with cement and other materials; the holes and gaps indoors that may be used by rodents are also filled with cement. ⒊ The sewer should be equipped with a return bowl, the indoor drainage ditch should be equipped with a complete iron grate, and the outlet leading to the outside should be equipped with a 13x13 mm rodent-proof wire mesh gate. ⒋ The wooden doors of warehouses for grain, non-staple food, seasonings, medicines, etc. should be covered with 30 cm high iron sheets. Doors that are frequently opened should be equipped with 50 cm high anti-rodent baffles covered with iron sheets. Rat boxes or sticky bars containing fresh rodent-killing drugs should be kept in the warehouse all year round. Rat board. Four requirements for putting poison bait: 1. Bungalow residential area: Put 2-3 piles of poison bait in a room of 15 square meters, put it along the root of the wall, put at least 1 pile of poison bait in the kitchen, put 1 pile of poison bait every 10 meters along the wall in the courtyard, each pile is 30 grams, at least continuously Throw poison bait for 3 days, eat one portion to make up for two portions. ⒉ Residential areas of buildings: Put 1-2 piles of poisonous bait in 15 square meters on the first floor and basement. Put them under the bed, cabinet and inside the heating cover. Put 1 pile each in the kitchen and balcony. If there are rats on other floors, use the above method to put poisonous bait continuously. Check for 3 days, eat one portion to make up for two portions. ⒊ Institutional units: Put 1-2 piles of poisonous bait in each room on the first floor and basement, and put them under the cabinets and inside the heating hood. If there are rats in the rooms above the second floor, put poisonous bait. Put one wax block 20 meters along the wall in the hospital. Eat one portion to make up for two portions. Check for 3 consecutive days. 2-4 poison bait stations can be set up around the canteen to use wax blocks to eliminate rats for a long time. ⒋ Stores and supermarkets: Place a pile of poison bait every 5 meters along the wall base on the first floor and basement, and place it under the heater and shelves. Add an additional pile of poison bait where debris is accumulated. Eat one serving to make up for two servings. Check continuously for 3-7 days. You can also use the sticky rat board method to get rid of rats. ⒌ Canteen catering: Use a poison bait box to add poison, one pile of poison bait every 5 meters, one pile in the heating cover, and one pile at the door of the storage room, each pile is 50 grams. Place a wax block every 10 meters outdoors, and continuously check and replenish poisonous baits for at least 7 days. All wax block drugs should be put in the outdoor environment, and granular rat poison is prohibited. ⒍ Sewers and pipeline wells: Put 100 grams of wax block poisonous bait, check and replenish the poisonous bait at least 3 times every other day. ⒎ Food warehouse: Use rat poison boxes to place rat poison or sticky rat boards at intervals of 5 meters along the root of the wall all year round, and replenish the dose at any time. ⒏ Market: Place a pile of poisonous bait every 5 meters along the wall; put a pile of poisonous bait every 5 meters under the shelf, 50 grams per pile, and continuously check and replenish the poisonous bait for 7 days. ⒐ Construction site: A pile of poison bait is placed every 5 meters along the wall of the migrant workers' dormitory, and one pile is placed under each bed, each pile is 30 grams. The canteen uses a rat box to put rat poison all year round. The external environment and the indoor environment are inspected and replenished for 7 consecutive days. .

Five precautions: The internal pesticides are mainly granular rat poisons and sticky rods. The external environment and sewer pipes are mainly made of wax block baits, licorice and other poisonous baits, 3 pills per pile; granular rat poisons are not allowed. To prevent children and pet birds from accidentally eating them, dead rats should be buried deeply and promptly.