Deng Yanda’s personal events

Deng Yanda (1895-1931), also known as Cecheng and Zhongmi, also known as Zesheng and pseudonym Shishengdeng, was a native of Lujing Village, Yonghu Township, Guishan County, Guangdong Province (now Huicheng District, Huizhou City). Dong Town), originally from Bingcun Town, Chengxiang County, Guangdong (now Bingcun Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City). Father Deng Jingren moved from Meizhou to Sandong Town, Huizhou. Joined the Chinese Tongmenghui in his early years. He entered the Guangdong Army Primary School in 1909 and went on the Northern Expedition with the Guangdong Revolutionary Army in 1911. Graduated from Baoding Army Officer School in 1919. In early 1920, recommended by He Ziyuan (the eldest brother of He Guanzhong), the counselor of the Guangdong Army Headquarters, Sun Yat-sen, the veteran of the Revolution of 1911, he went to Zhangzhou, Fujian to join the Fujian and Guangdong Army. During the first Kuomintang cooperation, he supported Sun Yat-sen's three major policies and was a famous leftist of the Kuomintang. In 1925, he served as the director of education of Huangpu Military Academy. In January 1926, he was elected as an alternate Central Executive Committee member of the "Second National Congress" of the Kuomintang. In July of the same year, he served as director of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army, accompanied the army in the Northern Expedition, and commanded the capture of Wuchang. He was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee, a member of the Central Political Committee, a member of the Presidium of the Central Military Commission and the Minister of the Central Farmers Department by the Third Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang. After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, he advocated the eastward campaign against Chiang Kai-shek. In the 16th year of the Republic of China, after Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei betrayed the revolution one after another, Deng Yanda went into exile in Europe. On November 1, he and Song Qingling issued the "Declaration to the Revolutionary People of China and the World" in Moscow, stating that they would inherit Sun Yat-sen's legacy and insist on anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism.

He returned to China in May 1930. In August of the same year, he reorganized the Chinese Revolutionary Party established in the 16th year of the Republic of China into the Chinese Kuomintang in Dafuli, Groxi Road, Shanghai (now No. 1-21, Lane 29, Yanqing Road) The Provisional Action Committee, serving as the director-general of the Central Committee, attempted to establish a third political force. Founded and edited "Revolutionary Action" on September 1, advocating the establishment of a civilian political power centered on agriculture and industry in China, and promoting anti-imperialism, anti-feudalism, and anti-Chiang. In November, the Huangpu Revolutionary Alumni Association was established in Shanghai to contact Huangpu students from all periods and instigate a rebellion against Chiang Kai-shek. In 1931, he actively planned anti-Chiang military operations. On August 19, he was arrested due to betrayal by a traitor. On November 29, he was secretly killed by Chiang Kai-shek at Shagang outside Qilin Gate in Nanjing. On December 19, Soong Ching Ling published the "Song Ching Ling's Declaration" in Shenbao to protest the killing of Deng Yanda. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was posthumously recognized as a revolutionary martyr. His remaining works include "Collected Works of Deng Yanda" and so on. On the afternoon of August 17, 1931, Deng Yanda went to No. 20 Yuyuanfang, Yuyuan Road, Shanghai to attend the closing ceremony of the Jiangxi Uprising Cadres Training Course. Chen Jingzhai, the head of the Shanghai Cadres Association of the Chinese Kuomintang Provisional Action Committee, betrayed and reported the rebellion. Unfortunately, Deng was arrested and at the same time. Also arrested were 12 people including Luo Renyi, Jin Xinguang, Deng Wen, Zhang Xiaoshan, Li Wenying, Huang Su, Yun Suqing, Huang Jingyao, Fang Ju, Zhang Chang, Zhu Fengqing, and Ren Shuxuan. Later, Xu Shouxiang and Cheng Pu were arrested on Weihaiwei Road and Megen Road. The police arrested 15 people that day, including Ren Shuxuan, who was under 16 years old and the son of the second landlord, and had nothing to do with the case; Xu Shouxiang was a chef, and Zhu Fengqing broke in by hitting the wrong house number, and had nothing to do with the case. In addition to the investigation team of the Songhu Garrison Command led by Deng Jingming, those who participated in this manhunt were also Chinese and Western detectives from the General Patrol Office of the Concession. At about 3 p.m., 13 people including Deng Yanda were put into a temporary cell only one foot square in the British patrol room of Jing'an Temple.

At 9 a.m. on August 18, 1931, the concession authorities took Deng Yanda and others to the First Court of the Second Branch of the Jiangsu High Court for trial. The Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang organized by Deng Yanda has been established for one year, with grassroots organizations spread across 14 provinces and cities, and is preparing to launch an armed uprising in Jiangxi. He invited the "Whampoa Revolutionary Alumni Association" organized by the progressive students of the Huangpu Military Academy to become a group that competed with the "Whampoa Alumni Association" organized by Chiang Kai-shek's direct relatives, posing a great military threat to the Nanjing government. Chiang Kai-shek was extremely jealous of Deng Yanda's revolutionary activities and offered a reward of 300,000 yuan for Deng Yanda's capture. In addition to secretly ordering the investigation team of the department to arrest Deng Yanda and his comrades, Songhu garrison commander Xiong Shihui also sent a letter to the Shanghai Second Special Zone District Court demanding that " Order to arrest and cooperate with the arrest." On the 15th, the Jiangsu Shanghai Special Administrative Region District Court issued a warrant for the "quick arrest" of Deng Yanda, Shen Weiyue, and Ji Fang to "appear in court to await trial." I would like to write this article to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Revolution of 1911 and the 80th anniversary of the martyrdom of Deng Yanda! ——Fan Zhen

In the second half of the 19th century, the current situation of poverty and weakness in Chinese society formed a very sharp contrast with the rich and powerful military in Western countries. When Sun Yat-sen's desire for reform failed, he traveled around the country and abroad, calling for the revolution, "urgent to save the people from the fire and water, and to help the buildings that are about to collapse."

The artillery fire of the Revolution of 1911 finally pierced the dark and silent night sky of the Qing Dynasty, ending the autocratic monarchy that had lasted for thousands of years in China, and opened the door to China's progress.

Deng Yanda, also known as Zesheng, was born on March 1, 1895 in Yonghu Township, Huiyang County, Guangdong Province (now Sandong Town, Huicheng District). The 100th anniversary was in 1995, so Huiyang County had not yet been established. City) Lujing Village, was secretly murdered in Nanjing on the night of November 29, 1931, at the age of only 36. He was an outstanding military strategist and politician during the democratic revolution, a hero of the 1911 Revolution, and the founder of the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party. He followed Sun Yat-sen and played a major role in establishing the revolutionary base in Guangdong. Sun Yat-sen once said: "There are two great talents in revolution (note: referring to Deng Yanda and Zhang Minda), and the revolution has hope." This shows that Mr. Sun Yat-sen appreciated and valued him.

As a boy, Deng Yanda was deeply affected by the brutal aggression of imperialism abroad and the cruel oppression and exploitation of the Qing feudal dynasty at home, and the people were in dire straits. From an early age, I had the desire to study military affairs and become an outstanding soldier who serves the Chinese nation to serve the country.

In 1907, he was even more inspired by the Qinvhu Uprising in Huizhou led by Sun Yat-sen. In 1909, at the age of 14, Mr. Deng Yanda was admitted to the Huangpu Army Primary School in Guangdong and became a student in the fourth batch. Because he was the youngest, but had the best academic performance and was extremely intelligent, he was known as a "hero" among his classmates. He was appreciated by the principal Deng Keng (zi Zhongyuan) and was recruited as a member of the alliance. He even took a fingerprint when taking the oath. . At that time, there were only more than 20 revolutionary party members in the alliance in the school, and each student period had a party affairs host. Deng Yanda’s alliance members during this period included Guo Guanjie, Xiao Guanying, Liao Shangguo, Chen Jitang and others. Once Deng Zhongyuan told his fellow student Liao Shangguo that he should work harder to get first place and bring glory to Huizhou people. Liao replied: Deng Yanda is the one who strives for the first place. It’s not my turn, so I won’t cause this trouble. After joining the Alliance, they often circulated secret propaganda publications and received a great education. During holidays, they often gathered together and went to the outskirts of Huangpu to discuss national affairs. In the revolutionary tide, they gradually established a revolutionary outlook on life.

At that time, Tongmenghui cadre Yao Yuping was responsible for the organizational development of military schools and patrol camps near Guangzhou, and often needed to liaise with Tongmenghui organizations in various places. Due to the instability of the Guangdong New Army and patrol battalions, the Qing government began to question and search personnel entering and leaving the army. Deng Yanda was smart, alert, and short in stature. “Since he was young, he had been working as a traffic officer with Yao Yuping for a long time, traveling between Guangzhou and Foshan.” It was not easy to arouse the suspicion of the Qing soldiers. “All secret letters were delivered by the gentleman alone. They were confidential and It was so fast that ordinary members of the revolutionary party were eager to praise it. "

In 1910, the Gengxu New Army uprising in Guangzhou failed due to its haste. The Qing army arrested revolutionary patriots everywhere. During the white terror, students from "Lu Primary School" such as Deng Yanda and Guo Guanjie wore military uniforms, school badges, and armbands. They secretly carried propaganda slogans, avoided military police, and entered the city from Huangpu to distribute leaflets everywhere. The emergence of anti-Qing propaganda materials shocked Qing officials and inspired the people's fighting spirit against the Qing.

On the afternoon of April 27, 1911, the gunshots of the Huanghuagang Uprising shook every corner of Huangpu Army Primary School. Members of the Tongmenghui of Army Primary School were originally ordered to cooperate with the uprising on April 29, but due to the failure of the uprising in advance, they failed to carry out the order. On October 10, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and 14 provinces and cities responded immediately and declared independence. The Guangdong Army Primary School also established a revolutionary army, and Deng Yanda, Guo Guanjie and others were sent to Shantou. Stayed at the Changfaxiang Inn on Zhi'an Street to wait for orders, and then joined the Han Jiang Fourth Army led by Yao Yuping. After Deng Yanda and others arrived in Shantou, they met with the local rebels and attacked the police station, water patrol bureau and fort in three groups. The officers and soldiers of the Qing Dynasty fled after hearing the news, and more than a hundred guns were seized before the confrontation. After the victory in the Battle of Chaoshan, the Guangdong Military Government with the revolutionaries as the main body was established. The "Lu Xiao" student army returned to Guangzhou from Chaoshan, and Deng Keng sent Deng Yanda to serve as an instructor in the civilian army led by Huang Shunhe, training the civilian army into a regular revolutionary army. The 16-year-old Deng Yanda became an instructor and became a favorite in the revolutionary army.

Yao Yuping organized an 8,000-strong Guangdong Northern Expedition Army and vowed to launch the Northern Expedition in Guangzhou. Arrive in Shanghai on the 18th. In February of the following year, the brave and tenacious Guangdong Northern Expeditionary Army defeated the Beiyang Army led by Zhang Xun, the Qing governor of Jiangsu and the governor of Liangjiang, and Ni Sichong in the Guzhen and Suzhou areas of Anhui. Interim President Sun Yat-sen called Yao Yuping and Lin Zhen and expressed that they were "deeply commended".

The "Lu Xiao" revolutionary army has been following Yao Yuping in the Northern Expedition and was well-trained in the war. Deng Yanda's military talents gradually emerged. However, the north and the south negotiated peace and both sides agreed. Yuan Shikai forced the Qing court to abdicate, and Sun Yat-sen gave way to Yuan Shikai as president. After Yuan came to power, he reneged on the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" and ordered the disbandment of the rebel armies in all provinces. The sky over China was once again clouded. The Guangdong Northern Expeditionary Army on standby in Xuzhou was ordered to return to Nanjing. Regular soldiers such as Deng Yanda could only carry out orders from their superiors and assist in the work of civilian officers and soldiers. They collected the bodies of the Northern Expedition officers and soldiers who died on the front line, brought them all back to Nanjing, and buried them together at a place by Lake Mochou. Sun Yat-sen inscribed the tombstone "Tomb of the Fallen Martyrs of the Guangdong Army".

Seeing that the fruits of the revolution were usurped by Yuan Shikai, Deng Yanda returned to Guangdong from Nanjing with great sadness and anger, and continued to think about the future of the Chinese revolution. He believed that the lack of strong armed forces by the revolutionaries was one of the reasons for the failure of the revolution, so he decided to study military again. Together with Guo Guanjie, he was admitted to the Sixth District Team of the Infantry Section of the Guangdong Army Accelerated School as a transfer student. According to Guo Guanjie, who lived in the same room with him, he recalled that he was "sexually pure, not interested in glory and wealth, and loved studying. He was good at all academic subjects in the school." He can also study carefully, and he will be among the best in every test, and he will read all the classics and history."

In 1913, Deng Yanda graduated from the Guangdong Army Accelerated School for one year. When Sun Yat-sen launched the "Second Revolution" against Yuan Shikai, he was in high spirits and immediately joined the Guards Battalion of the General Staff of the Northern Expedition Army Station planned by Deng Keng and with Lin Zhen as the director. He served as the commander of the third company and actively participated in preparations for the Northern Expedition. Work. Due to the artillery mutiny, the anti-Yuan Northern Expeditionary Army was disbanded before it could take action. The uprisings against Yuan in various places also failed one after another. In less than two months, the "second revolution" ended in failure.

In the turbulent years after the Revolution of 1911, warlords, bureaucrats, and politicians seized power, but the social and political status of the people remained the same. He Sui, an eyewitness of the Revolution of 1911 and the "Second Revolution", reflected his painful mood at that time in his memoirs: "A group of us set out to cross eastward. When the ship slowly sailed out of Wusong Pass, I looked back at the suffering motherland. , It’s still a storm. A revolution that has been dreamed of for many years has failed.”

On February 17, 1927, Deng Yanda was under the direct leadership of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The contemporary commentary "What should everyone pay attention to?" was written by "Hankou Republic of China Daily", a national daily newspaper. "In the article, he summarized the lessons of the failure of the Revolution of 1911 and pointed out the importance of solving farmers' problems. He said: “The important condition for the success of China’s national revolution lies in the liberation of the peasants.” “More than 80% of China’s oppressed peasants, China’s revolution should have representatives of the demands of these 80% or more of the toiling people. "The results of the failure of the 1911 Revolution teach us: If our party cannot deliver practical benefits to the broad masses of suffering people, especially the peasant masses, the revolution will definitely fail."

(Author: Special Correspondent of "Forward Forum", Special Writer of Jiangsu Point of Theoretical Research on Peasants and Workers' Party)