Talk about the "suppression of counterrevolutionaries" movement in the early days of liberation?

Suppression of Counter-Revolutionary Activities

On October 10, 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Correcting the Right-leaning Bias in Suppressing Counter-revolutionary Activities" (referred to as the "Double Ten Instructions") Later, based on the elimination of counterrevolutionary forces in the early days of liberation, Beijing launched a campaign to suppress counterrevolutionaries (referred to as suppressing counterrevolutionaries). This crackdown on counterrevolutionaries started in November 1950 and basically ended in August 1951. In 1951, there were three climaxes of suppressing counterrevolutionaries. The main process and methods of suppressing counterrevolutionaries this time are:

(1) First formulate a plan and clarify the main targets

According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China carefully summarized the liberation of Beijing Later, he analyzed the situation of counter-revolutionary forces and analyzed the enemy situation at that time, and formulated a plan to suppress the counter-revolutionaries. The plan clearly points out that in the early days of liberation, Beijing was relatively thorough in eliminating counterrevolutionary forces and achieved great results. However, like the whole country, there are also problems of excessive leniency and insufficient suppression. Therefore, it is decided that the city will implement a party-wide policy under the leadership of party committees at all levels. mobilization and mass mobilization, and launched a city-wide campaign to suppress counter-revolutionary movements with great fanfare. The main targets of the attack are: counterrevolutionaries from five aspects: spies, bandits, bullies, backbones of reactionary party groups and leaders of reactionary sects.

(2) The city took unified action to resolutely execute a group of counterrevolutionaries who had committed heinous crimes, kicking off the suppression of counterrevolutionaries

In accordance with the plan to suppress counterrevolutionaries, the municipal party committee, on February 17, 1951, the city’s public security organs unified action and arrested a group of counterrevolutionaries. On the 18th, the Military Justice Division of the Beijing Municipal Military Control Commission sentenced 58 counterrevolutionaries for heinous crimes, including Kuomintang agent and habitual bandit Yang Shoude, to death, marking the beginning of the suppression of counterrevolutionaries in Beijing. People from all walks of life enthusiastically supported and applauded. During the execution at the Tucheng execution ground in the northern suburbs, more than 40,000 people came to watch the execution. Some took the initiative to report and accuse counterrevolutionaries to the public security organs; some confessed their criminal acts of harboring and harboring counterrevolutionaries. A family member of a military reunification agent voluntarily handed over five pistols and more than 1,000 bullets. However, due to insufficient prior publicity for the execution of counterrevolutionaries this time, some people did not have a deep understanding of the significance of suppressing counterrevolutionaries.

(3) Convene an enlarged meeting of the Consultative Committee of the Beijing People’s Congress of All walks of life to discuss the issue of suppressing counterrevolutionaries, and mobilize people from all walks of life to join the campaign to suppress counterrevolutionaries

On March 7, the city took unified action and arrested another A group of counterrevolutionaries. For this reason, "People's Daily" published an editorial "Arrest counterrevolutionaries and bring them to justice." On March 15, an enlarged meeting of the Municipal Consultative Committee was held. In addition to the consultative committee members, 180 people in total attended the meeting, including members of the municipal government, responsible cadres of various government bureaus, chairmen of the consultative committees of each district, and representatives from democratic parties, religious circles, ethnic minorities, industrial and commercial circles, large factories, and universities. . This form of meeting facilitates focused discussions, allows people's representatives from all walks of life to understand the real situation, and arouses their hatred of counterrevolutionaries. At the meeting, the implementation of the Central People's Government's "Regulations on Punishing Counterrevolutionaries" was discussed. Minister of Public Security and Director of the Municipal Public Security Bureau Luo Ruiqing made a report exposing the crimes of counterrevolutionaries, and exhibited evidence of counterrevolutionary criminals (physical objects and typical case files), which greatly inspired representatives from all walks of life. Hatred of counterrevolutionaries. Therefore, they spoke enthusiastically during the discussion, and their mood was always very enthusiastic from 2 pm to 9 pm (with a one-hour break in between). Such a mobilizing representative meeting solved the problem of not being able to continue the killing. The report listed the crimes of counterrevolutionary criminals and was actually an indictment against counterrevolutionaries. After the evidence of the counterrevolutionary criminals was put on display, the democrats present at the meeting were all shocked and shocked. A famous professor at Yenching University said: "I never thought there were such scum in the world!" The participants unanimously advocated severe suppression of counterrevolutionaries.

(4) Mass complaints set off an upsurge in suppressing counterrevolutionaries

On March 24, an enlarged joint meeting of municipal and district people’s representatives was held at the Zhongshan Park Concert Hall to discuss the issue of punishing counterrevolutionaries. Municipal Party Committee Secretary Peng Zhen spoke at the meeting, and Luo Ruiqing made a report on "thoroughly eradicating counterrevolutionary sabotage activities." A group of counter-revolutionary criminals who committed heinous crimes were escorted to the venue. The victims complained on the spot, covered their faces and cried, and some broke down in sobs and fainted on the spot. The Municipal People's Broadcasting Station broadcast the live meeting. This was a swearing-in meeting for the people of the city to denounce counterrevolution. This vivid scene of blood and tears deeply educated and moved the masses, arousing their infinite sympathy for the victims and realizing that counterrevolutionaries were indeed hateful and deserved to be killed.

A monk who usually does not advocate killing also said: "Killing a counterrevolutionary and saving many people is a merit." On the 25th, the Municipal Public Security Bureau executed 199 counterrevolutionaries at Tianqiao, You'anmen, and Dongjiao execution grounds in accordance with the judgment of the Military Justice Division of the Military Control Commission. The momentum was so great that tens of thousands of citizens came to watch the execution, and they all clapped and applauded. "People's Daily" published an editorial "Execution of the Chief Evil Elements of Counter-revolution", setting off the first climax of suppressing counter-revolution. During this period, some major counterrevolutionaries were arrested and brought to justice. For example, Tong Ronggong, a military special agent who participated in the killing of Xuan Xiafu, the leader of the Eighth Route Army Office in Xi'an, and the acting director of the Inspection Division of the Peking Garrison Command, was arrested. Chairman Mao Zedong expressed satisfaction with Beijing's approach and commented in the Municipal Party Committee's "Report to the Central Committee and the North China Bureau on the Enlarged Meeting of the Municipal Consultative Committee to Discuss the Suppression of Counterrevolutionaries": "Beijing's method is very good."

(5) Reflecting the policy, there is suppression and leniency

The third execution of counter-revolutionary criminals with great fanfare was in late May. This time, more than 100,000 people were mobilized from the bottom up to accuse more than 100 counterrevolutionaries, resulting in a mass upsurge of suppressing counterrevolutionaries. At the same time, all democratic parties, industrial and commercial circles, university professors, religious circles, etc. were mobilized to participate, and then it was referred to the enlarged meeting of the Municipal Consultative Committee for discussion and group review. This time, the police were divided into 8 groups and reviewed 519 case files respectively. On May 20, an enlarged joint meeting of people's representatives from all walks of life was held to report the review results to the general meeting and prosecute counterrevolutionary criminals. In order to fully embody the policy of combining repression with leniency, in addition to the execution of 221 counter-revolutionary criminals, 47 counter-revolutionary criminals were sentenced to death or suspended for 2 years, and 218 criminals were sentenced to fixed-term or life imprisonment. Those who were announced to be released on bail 19 people, totaling 505 people. On May 22, the Municipal Military Control Commission's Military Justice Division sentenced 221 counterrevolutionaries to death, and they were executed at 10 execution grounds on the outskirts of the city, marking the second climax of the suppression of counterrevolutionaries. Among the 221 death row inmates, there are 44 extremely evil spies, 72 bullies, 36 habitual gangsters, 28 reactionary gang leaders, and 11 traitors who have been detained for a long time.

(6) Suppress a group of people and set off another climax of repression

On August 22, 1951, the Municipal Military Control Commission’s Military Law Office held a sentencing meeting and sentenced 237 counter-revolutionary criminals who had suffered heavy blood debts. The death penalty was carried out in seven execution grounds in the suburbs. This was the fourth batch of high-profile executions of counterrevolutionaries after the previous three batches, setting off another climax of suppressing counterrevolutionaries in seven months. Including counterrevolutionary communists sent to other places for execution, 873 people were executed. During this period, a group of people were also arrested and imprisoned, and a group of people were put under control. After suppressing the counterrevolutionaries, the struggle situation changed and the public security order improved significantly. First of all, people from all walks of life applauded, praising the government for "doing what it says," "strict laws," "making decisions for the people," "the reincarnation of Bao Gong," and "only the Communist Party and Chairman Mao can do such happy things for the people." When the execution car passed by or the criminal was shot, the crowd applauded and cheered: Long live the Communist Party and Long live Chairman Mao! After the execution, some of the victims who had been tortured by the counter-revolutionaries made dumplings to celebrate their revenge, some posted slogans on their doors saying "Celebrating the liberation of me by the Communist Party", some of their relatives and friends came to congratulate and congratulate them, and some of them invited them to The cadres went to his house and said, "You have worked too hard. Come to my house and sit down and drink a bowl of cold water." Secondly, the counterrevolutionary arrogance has been greatly reduced, and they no longer dare to act as wildly as in the past. Some counter-revolutionaries pointed to the regulations for punishing counter-revolutionaries and said: "Everyone is punished and their heads will be moved." Some counterrevolutionaries handed over their guns, bullets and organizations one after another. During this period, the Communist Party of China confiscated 175 guns, some of which were surrendered voluntarily and some secretly thrown away. Just 63 pistols were found on the roads, gutters, garbage dumps, wells and rivers. The dishonest elements under control have become honest. Some promised to the police station that "we will make a clean break with the counter-revolutionaries," "we will do whatever we are told," and "if there are any more activities, we will kill my head." In short, the counterrevolutionaries felt that they had nowhere to hide in the vigorous mass suppression of counterrevolutionaries. They said: "Even if you crawl into a mouse hole, you still feel that someone is paying attention." The public security situation has improved significantly through the suppression of anti-social activities. The bandits are nearly eliminated. From January to July 1951, there were 16 robbery cases in ***, but only two cases occurred in the next three months. Even in the southern suburbs where banditry activities were rampant in the past, only two cases occurred. The masses reported: "Now we can keep our doors open at night." The rumors were stopped. In the western suburbs, where there had always been the most rumors, they only happened a few times that year.

Beijing’s counterrevolutionary movement has always been carried out under the care of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao Zedong, and under the leadership of the North China Bureau and the Ministry of Public Security. The Municipal Party Committee promptly requested instructions and reports from the Party Central Committee and the North China Bureau on every important step in suppressing counterrevolutionaries. Chairman Mao Zedong, the Party Central Committee and the Ministry of Public Security spoke highly of Beijing's anti-counterrevolutionary campaign. They forwarded the Beijing Municipal Party Committee's work reports, plans and experiences many times, instructing all localities to "study and imitate" and "please do the same". Please all places follow suit." This ensured that the anti-counterrevolutionary movement in Beijing was basically successful. The shortcomings, errors, and deviations discovered at the time were also promptly checked and corrected, ensuring the healthy development of the movement.