Write an expository article on architecture in Kaiyang County.

Matouzhai is located in the west corner of Hefeng Buyi and Miao Township, Kaiyang County, 58km northeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province. It is the oldest existing Tusi official village in China. Zhaizi faces the Diwo Datian Dam, backs Baihua Mountain, and is surrounded by water on both sides. Qinghe River and Shenshui River surround Zhaizi North and Zhaizi East respectively. The roads in the village are mostly paved with bluestones and pebbles. It is the hometown of Song Longji, the leader of the anti-Yuan movement, and it is also the general manager's office in Zijiang, Diwo, Yuan Dynasty, the general manager's office in Jingjiang Road and the Matou residence in Diwo, Ming Dynasty. The site of the General Administration House still exists today. There are dozens of slogans left in the village when the First and Third Army Corps of the Red Army crossed the bottom nest in April 1935.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buyi ancestors moved from Heiyangdaqing (now Guiyang) to the banks of the Qinghe River, and gradually formed the "eight villages in the bottom" such as Matouzhai, Xinzhai, Dianzhai, Yangfangzhai, Tongmuzhai, Anjiazhai, Shuitouzhai and Pingzhai in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The so-called "Zhongjia", also known as "planting family", a folk proverb in Guizhou says: "Miao family lives on the hill, Zhongjia family lives in Shuitou, and Hakka family lives on the street". It is the name of the ancients for the ancestors of Buyi people who grow rice for a living.

Many residential houses in Matouzhai are dry-fence quadrangles and three-way courtyards, which are generally of a mixed structure of bucket-piercing and beam-lifting, with a front compartment and two opposite halls (or walls). The main rooms are three, five and seven wide. The doors and windows are decorated with exquisite wood carvings. Waist doors are added to the main entrance, and facing doors are built in the front of the left compartment. Most of them are auspicious patterns such as dragons and phoenixes and "ten thousand" characters. Buyi people, on the other hand, have a unique explanation for some carving patterns. For example, they think that the word "ten thousand" symbolizes water wheel flowers or crab flowers, all of which are related to water, which fully reflects the water culture tradition formed by Buyi people living in the water since ancient times. Matouzhai has 28 households with 1,126 residents, most of whom are Buyi people. Villagers build houses according to local conditions, and wooden houses are built on the mountainside along the mountain. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering and lush. The front of the village is surrounded by Qinghe River, and the stone arch bridge spans the river. Village Uchikoji is paved with cobblestones in the shape of a "human". The quadrangles are mostly paved with bluestone, which is antique. On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, tens of thousands of Buyi compatriots in Diwo Bazhai are dressed in festive costumes and celebrate the "June 6th" Song Festival in Matouzhai. Matouzhai is the resident of the "Diwo Zijiang and other places in the Yuan Dynasty" and the hometown of Song Longji, the leader of the largest anti-Yuan movement in the Yuan Dynasty. It is also the location of the "Diwo Matou" in the Ming Dynasty. The site of Diwo General Administration House (known as "Dachangmen") and the site of Song Longji's former residence. There are 97 houses, 2 temples, 5 meters of wall, 1 stone arch bridge, 1 theater, 1, meters of ancient roads, 2 ancient wells and 25 slogans of the Red Army.

Matouzhai has become an important scenic spot in Xianghuo Rock, a scenic spot in Guizhou province.

On June 2nd, 26, Matouzhai Ancient Building Complex in Kaiyang County was announced by the State Council (Guo Fa [26] No.19) as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.