I want to do a questionnaire survey about the Olympic knowledge census. Who can help me draft one?

Olympic knowledge

1. Where was the birthplace of the Olympic movement?

Olympia is the birthplace of the Olympic movement and is located in Athens, the capital of Greece.

2． Who was the founder of the ancient Olympic Games? Iphitus.

3. Who sculpted "The Discus Thrower"? Mirren, the great ancient Greek sculptor.

4. Who was the founder of the modern Olympics? Coubertin, who served as the second president of the International Olympic Committee.

5． Who is the honorific title "Father of the Olympics"? Pierre de Coubertin.

6． Who was the first president of the International Olympic Committee? Greek poet Vikeras.

7. Where is the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee?

It is located in Lausanne, Switzerland, known as the "Garden City" in the world.

8. What is the purpose of the Olympic Movement?

Make sports serve the harmonious development of mankind to enhance human dignity; promote mutual understanding among young people in the spirit of friendship,

unity and fair play, thereby helping To build a better and peaceful world; to bring athletes from around the world together in the Olympic Games, a grand sports festival held every four years.

9. The high-level summary of the Olympic purpose is "peace, friendship and progress". The Olympic motto is "Faster, Higher, Stronger". The Olympic slogan is "Participation, not victory, is what counts."

10． Who came up with the Olympic motto?

It was proposed in 1895 by Henri Martin Didon, an old friend of Coubertin.

11. When is Olympic Day? June 23 every year.

12． What is the pattern of the Olympic flag? In what sense?

The Olympic flag is white and borderless, with five interconnected rings in the center. The colors from left to right are blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The five rings symbolize the unity of the five continents and the gathering of athletes from all over the world in the Olympic Games in a spirit of fair play and friendship. The mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008 - Fuwa

The mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008 - Fuwa

Fuwa is the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. Its color The inspiration comes from the five Olympic rings, China’s vast mountains, rivers, lakes and seas, and people’s favorite animal images. Fuwa conveys friendship, peace, a proactive spirit and the good wishes of harmonious coexistence between man and nature to children around the world.

The Fuwa are five cute and close friends. Their shapes incorporate the images of fish, giant pandas, Tibetan antelopes, swallows and the Olympic flame.

Each doll has a catchy name: "Beibei", "Jingjing", "Huanhuan", "Yingying" and "Nini". In China, the names have overlapping sounds. It is a traditional way to express your love for your children. When you put the names of the five dolls together, you will read "Beijing welcomes you" as Beijing's warm invitation to the world.

>>Click to learn more about the Olympic symbols

Fuwa represents the dream and the desire of the Chinese people. Their prototypes and headwear contain their connection with the ocean, forest, sacred fire, earth and sky. Their image design applies the expression method of traditional Chinese art and shows the splendid culture of China.

Bringing blessings to every corner of the world

For a long time, China has had a tradition of conveying blessings through symbols. Each doll of the Beijing Olympic Games mascot represents a good wish: prosperity, joy, passion, health and good luck. The dolls bring Beijing's hospitality and blessings to all corners of the world, inviting people from all over the world to gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2008 Olympic Games.

Fuwa Beibei

Click to learn: Fuwa Beibei - source of inspiration

The blessing conveyed by Beibei is prosperity. In traditional Chinese culture and art, the patterns of "fish" and "water" are symbols of prosperity and harvest. People use "carp jumping over the dragon gate" to imply success in career and the realization of dreams. "Fish" also means good luck and good fortune every year. The implication.

Beibei’s head decoration uses fish patterns from the Chinese Neolithic Age.

Beibei is gentle and pure, a master of water sports, and complements the blue ring among the five Olympic rings.

Fuwa Jingjing

Click to learn: Fuwa Jingjing - Source of Inspiration

Jingjing is a naive giant panda who carries her wherever she goes. Give people joy. As China's national treasure, giant pandas are deeply loved by people around the world.

Jingjing comes from the vast forest, symbolizing the harmonious existence of man and nature. The decoration on his head is derived from the lotus petal shape found on Song porcelain. Jingjing is honest, optimistic and full of strength, representing the black link among the five Olympic rings.

Fuwa Huanhuan

Click to learn: Fuwa Huanhuan - source of inspiration

Huanhuan is the eldest brother among the Fuwa. He is a fire doll, symbolizing the Olympic flame. Huanhuan is the embodiment of sports passion. He spreads passion around the world and conveys the Olympic spirit of faster, higher and stronger. Everywhere Huanhuan goes, Beijing 2008’s enthusiasm for the world is overflowing.

Huanhuan's head decoration is derived from the flame pattern in Dunhuang murals. He has an outgoing and unrestrained personality, is familiar with various ball games, and represents the red link among the five Olympic rings.

Fuwa Yingying

Click to learn: Fuwa Yingying - Source of Inspiration

Yingying is a Tibetan antelope that is agile, agile and galloping. From the vast western land of China, we spread the good wishes of health to the world. Yingying is the Tibetan antelope, a unique protected animal on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and a manifestation of the Green Olympics.

The head decoration of Yingying incorporates the decorative styles of western regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Xinjiang. He is agile and a good athlete in track and field, representing the yellow link among the five Olympic rings.

Fuwa Nini

Click to learn: Fuwa Nini - source of inspiration

Nini comes from the sky and is a flying swallow with its wings spread. Its shape is creative Traditional Shayan kites from Beijing. "Yan" also represents Yanjing (the name of ancient Beijing). Nini brings spring and joy to people, spreading good wishes of "good luck to you" wherever she flies.

The innocent, cheerful and agile Nini will make a shining debut in the gymnastics competition. She represents the green link in the five Olympic rings. The earliest sports meeting was the ancient Olympic Games in ancient Greece

The Origin of the Ancient Olympic Games

The full name of the Olympic Games is "Olympic Games", and the word "Olympics" comes from the Greek place name "Olympia". Olympia is located in the Alpheus Valley 360 kilometers southwest of Athens. It has picturesque scenery and a pleasant climate. The ancient Greeks built many temples here. Therefore, the ancients called this land Alphes, also known as the "Holy Land" "Olympia, according to the beliefs of the time, symbolized peace and friendship.

In ancient Greece and the Mediterranean

People in other countries in the Mediterranean region often held grand gatherings during festivals and harvest seasons, and conducted various recreational and competitive activities, which were very lively. At first, this activity was scattered all over the place and irregularly, but the gathering in Olympia was the most grand.

In 884 BC, war broke out in ancient Greece. War continued in various places, plagues caused disasters, and agricultural harvests were poor. Greek civilians yearned for peace and missed the celebrations of those years. As a result, the king of the Elis city-state where Olympia was located contacted the kings of several other city-states and reached an agreement for regular games to be held in Olympia, and stipulated that a "holy truce day" should be implemented in the year of the games. The duration of the "Holy Truce" is three months. During this period, no one is allowed to use weapons or weapons. Even the two sides who are at war have to put down their weapons and prepare to go to Olympia to participate in the sports meeting. From then on, all-Greek competitions came into being. By 776 BC, the names of the winners were recorded in writing for the first time. This is what later generations call the first ancient Greek games. After that, this kind of competition was held every four years. Therefore, the competition was held in Olympia, and it was also called the Ancient Olympic Games, or the Ancient Olympic Games for short. From 776 BC to 349 AD, when the ancient Olympic Games were abolished by the emperor of the Roman Empire, the ancient Olympic Games were held for 293 times.

The ancient Olympic Games were not all joy

The ancient Olympic Games did not mean joy to ordinary Olympic spectators.

A typical Olympic spectator, if starting from Athens, must trek through most of the Peloponnese Peninsula, along a rugged ancient pilgrim's road, under the scorching Mediterranean summer sun above his head, on foot or with the help of mules and horses. , it takes two weeks to cover the more than 300 kilometers from Athens to Olympia. If coming from overseas colonies, taking the sea route will take longer

.

When the exhausted spectators finally arrived at Olympia, the real test had just begun. The infrastructure in Olympia is extremely rudimentary, with only one decent hotel, and it is only open to diplomatic missions and officials. Nobles of insufficient rank can only solve the accommodation problem by setting up their own tents. As for the other 80,000 ordinary spectators - nearly half of whom were vendors selling food, drinks and souvenirs - they had to go to the wilderness near the Temple of Zeus to relieve themselves. As a result, during the Olympics it became a camping ground with poor hygiene.

The Olympia stadium has no auditoriums and no shade. Due to religious reasons, spectators are not allowed to wear hats at the Olympics. People can only stand in the middle of the dusty stadium from morning to night, exposed to the scorching sun. under. As rivers dry up in summer and well water is in short supply, spectators often suffer from dehydration and heatstroke. At that time, Greece did not have a complete sewage system, and the dry riverbed became a temporary toilet for tens of thousands of people. Garbage was piled on the spot, and with flies everywhere, the sanitary condition was obvious.

It was under such conditions that the ancient Olympic Games were held continuously for more than a thousand years. It is said that the dirtiness of the Olympic Games is so shocking that there is a saying that for slaves who disobey discipline, the master will say to him in a threatening tone: If you don't obey again, you will be punished to go to Olympia to watch the Olympic Games!

Olympic Song

The first modern Summer Olympics opened in Athens on April 6, 1896. During the opening ceremony, a solemn classical string music was played. The 1958 International Olympic Games The committee designated it as the Olympic anthem. The composer of the anthem was Samaras of Greece and the lyricist was Palamas.

Olympic Games Flag

In 1913, France's Coubertin proposed the establishment of the International Olympic Committee flag, and designed it to be white background, borderless, with blue and yellow in the center from left to right. , the five sets of black, green, and red circles represent the five continents of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the United States. The white background means that all countries can compete under their own flags. In July 1914, the Olympic flag was hoisted for the first time at the Olympic Games. In 1920, the Belgian Olympic Committee, which hosted the 5th Summer Olympics, presented the same flag to the International Olympic Committee. It was hung during the Olympic Games and later customized. The flag was transferred to the previous host city at the opening of the previous Olympic Games and kept by the host city during the competition. During this period, only borrowed items were hung in the main stadium. In 1952, the City of Oslo presented the Winter Olympics flag to the International Olympic Committee. The handover, storage and use methods were the same as those for the Summer Olympics. In 1970, the International Olympic Committee gave a new meaning to the flag in the 4th issue of the "Olympic Review": it symbolizes the unity of the five continents, and athletes meet in the Olympic Games with fair, frank competition and a friendly spirit.

Olympic Flame

In 1934, the Athens Conference of the International Olympic Committee decided to restore the old system of the ancient Olympic Games. During the Olympic Games, the Olympic flame was burned in the main stadium. The flame was taken from the Olympic Games and passed on through the torch relay. To the host country, the main competition of the 9th Olympic Games in 1928 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, had a high tower with blazing fireworks from beginning to end. The fire is ignited using a condenser to collect sunlight, and is then transmitted through a relay through four countries to the host country. This is the first time such an event has been held in the Olympic Games. On July 20, 1936, Olympia held a lighting ceremony for the 11th Summer Olympics. After that, each person held a torch and ran a 1-kilometer relay. It passed through Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, and reached Berlin on August 1. The whole journey was 3,075 kilometers, 3,075 people participated in the relay. From this time on, the International Olympic Committee officially stipulated that lighting the Olympic flame is an indispensable ceremony at the opening ceremony of every Olympic Games. In addition, lighting the flame is to commemorate the soldiers who died in the First World War. , and the torch relay symbolizes the spread of peace and friendship around the world.

The founder of the modern Olympic Games - Pierre de Coubertin

Pierre de Coubertin is the founder of the modern Olympic Games. He was born into a Parisian aristocratic family.

After graduating from high school, he studied law and politics at the University of Paris, and then went to the UK to study education. At that time, Coubertin was greatly shocked by the outdoor sports in Britain. He was determined to change France's indifference to sports when he returned. What he yearned for more was to expand sports exchanges around the world. In 1863, Coubertin proposed to hold competitions similar to the ancient Olympic Games, but instead of copying them, he expanded the ancient Olympic Games, which were limited to Greeks in the past, to a global scale. Although Coubertin's ideas were boycotted by some opponents, with his unremitting efforts, 20 countries finally sent representatives to convene the first International Conference on "Reconstruction of the International Olympic Games" at the University of Paris in France on June 16, 1894. ". On the evening of June 23, the Committee officially announced the establishment of the International Olympic Committee. This day has epoch-making significance for the development of world sports and the Olympic movement. Many countries regard this day as a sports holiday, and China also designated this day as Olympic Day in 1986.

History of the Modern Olympic Games

The Olympic Games have a history of 1,200 years since they were held in Olympia, Greece, in AD 776. The sports at that time were the pentathlon (comprising the discus, javelin, long jump, running and wrestling), running, boxing, wrestling, pankration (a hybrid sport of boxing and wrestling), carriage racing and horseback riding.

The Olympic renaissance began in 1896, when Athens, Greece, hosted the first modern Olympics, with 245 athletes from 14 countries participating. Since then, the number of athletes, countries and events has grown, and at the 2000 Sydney Olympics in Australia, more than 10,000 athletes from 199 countries competed.

The first winter sport to be added to the Olympics was figure skating in 1908. The ice hockey program has been in the program since 1920. In 1924, the Winter Olympics were held alone for the first time in Chaminis, France. Since 1994, the Winter Olympics have not been scheduled to be held in the same year as the Summer Olympics, so the Games are currently held every two years, alternating between the Winter and Summer Games.

The Olympic Movement has a series of unique and distinctive symbolic signs, such as the Olympic logo, motto, Olympic flag, anthem, emblem, medals, mascots, etc. These symbols have rich cultural meanings and vividly reflect the value orientation and cultural connotation of the Olympic ideal. Today, with the continuous development and growth of the Olympic movement, the Olympic logo has become a household name around the world and is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

The "Olympic Charter" stipulates that the property rights of the Olympic logo, Olympic flag, Olympic motto and Olympic anthem belong exclusively to the International Olympic Committee. The International Olympic Committee may take all appropriate measures to obtain legal protection for the Olympic symbols, flags, mottos and anthems at national and international levels. In order to strengthen the protection of Olympic intellectual property rights and Olympic symbols, and protect and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Olympic intellectual property rights and Olympic symbol rights holders, my country has successively promulgated the "Beijing Olympic Intellectual Property Protection Regulations" (Beijing Municipal Regulations on the Protection of Olympic Intellectual Property Rights on October 11, 2001) Government Order No. 85) and the "Regulations on the Protection of Olympic Symbols" (Promulgated by Order No. 345 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on February 4, 2002).

The most widely circulated symbol in the world today is the five Olympic rings. With the development of the Olympic movement, it has become an image representative of the Olympic spirit and culture. Wherever the five rings "turn", the Olympic movement It will take root and bloom there.

Speaking of the origin of the Five Rings, there was such an interesting story. The first torch relay was held at the 11th Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. The torch relay route started from Olympia, exited from northern Greece, passed through Austria along the Danube River, and finally entered Germany. In order to highlight this symbolic event, Carl Deem, chairman of the Olympic Games Organizing Committee, and his colleagues arranged the ancient Greek ruins they passed along the way almost exactly according to the scenes of the ancient Olympic Games. A special ceremony was held when the torch arrived at the ancient sports ground on Mount Parnassus in Delphi. At this time, Deem had a sudden idea to design and carve the five rings of the modern Olympic movement on the four sides of a rectangular stone about 3 feet high. The sign was placed at one end of the starting line of the ancient sports ground. After the ceremony, the torch continued its journey north, but the stone as a prop was left at the ancient sports ground.

Because few people knew the true identity of this stone engraved with the five-ring symbol (later known as the "Dim Stone"), for a long time thereafter, it was regarded as "a stone with 3,000 Relics of the ancient Olympic Games with a history of 20 years.” This widely spread error was not pointed out by Greek officials at Delphi until the 1960s. In May 1972, the fake cultural relic was sent to another place in Delphi - the entrance to the Roman Forum.

In fact, the five-ring symbol of the modern Olympic movement was designed by Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics. Coubertin believed that the Olympic movement should have its own symbol, and this idea had been lingering in his mind for a long time. In 1913, he finally conceived and designed the five-ring logo and the Olympic flag with the five rings printed on a white background, intending to launch this logo on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the founding of the International Olympic Committee.

From June 15th to 23rd, 1914, the International Olympic Committee held its Congress at the Sorbonne Academy in Paris, France, and celebrated the 20th anniversary of the founding of the International Olympic Committee. At the commemorative meeting, Coubertin happily showed everyone the five-ring logo he designed and a flag with the five rings printed on it, and suggested that they be used as the symbols of the Olympic movement. After listening to Coubertin's explanation of the five-ring symbol, the meeting decided to adopt the Olympic rings and the Olympic flag as the Olympic symbols.

The five Olympic rings logo is composed of five Olympic rings connected from left to right. It can be a single color or five colors: blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The initial explanation was that the five colors represented the colors of the national flags, and later the five rings of different colors were interpreted as symbols of the five continents.

The Olympic flag is 3 meters long and 2 meters wide, with a white background, symbolizing purity. The five rings of blue, yellow, black, green and red are interlocking. In 1914, the Olympic flag was hoisted for the first time at the Olympic Games in Paris. In 1920, the Olympic flag flew for the first time at the Antwerp Summer Olympics Stadium. After the Olympic Games, the Belgian Olympic Committee presented the same flag to the International Olympic Committee, which was flown during the Olympic Games and later customized. This flag was transferred to the previous host city at the opening ceremony of the previous Olympic Games and kept by the host city during the competition. Only substitutes will be hung on the main sports field. In 1952, the City of Oslo presented the Winter Olympics flag to the International Olympic Committee. The handover, preservation and use methods are the same as those for the Summer Olympics.

In June 1979, the International Olympic Committee officially announced the meaning of the flag and the five rings: According to the "Olympic Charter", the meaning of the Olympic flag and the five rings is: symbolizing the unity of the five continents and the Athletes from all over the world meet at the Olympic Games with fair, candid competition and a friendly spirit.

The First Athens Olympics

The Second Paris Olympics

The Third St. Louis Olympics

The Fourth London Olympics

p>

The fifth Stockholm Olympic Games

The seventh Antwerp Olympic Games

The eighth Paris Olympic Games

The ninth Amsterdam Olympic Games

The 10th Olympic Games in Los Angeles

The 11th Olympic Games in Berlin

World War II

The 14th Olympic Games in London

The 15th Helsinki Olympic Games

The 16th Melbourne Olympics

The 17th Rome Olympics

The 18th Tokyo Olympics

No. The 19th Olympic Games in Mexico City

The 20th Olympic Games in Munich

The 21st Olympic Games in Montreal

The 22nd Olympic Games in Moscow

The 23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games

The 24th Seoul Olympics

The 25th Barcelona Olympics

The 26th Atlanta Olympics

The 27th Sydney Olympic Games

The 28th Athens Olympic Games