What are the high-yield and high-quality ginger varieties commonly used in ginger production in China at present? What are their characteristics?

There are 30 ~ 40 varieties of ginger commonly used in production in China, most of which are local varieties, and most of them are distributed regionally, which gradually adapt to the local climate characteristics. The main varieties are introduced as follows:

(1) Laiwu ginger slice is one of the famous vegetables in Shandong province. In recent years, various provinces and cities in North China have introduced and tried planting. This variety grows vigorously, the plant height is 70 ~ 80 cm, and the height can reach more than 100 cm. The leaves are lanceolate, the functional leaves are 18 ~ 22 cm long and 2 ~ 2.5 cm wide, the leaves are green, and the branches are strong. Generally, each plant has 10 ~ 15 branches. The rhizome is yellow-skinned and yellow-fleshed, with many ginger balls arranged closely and short internodes. The scales on the upper part of the ginger ball are reddish, the rhizome is tender, spicy and fragrant, with good quality, storage and transportation resistance and high yield. The weight of each rhizome is 300 ~ 400g, and the weight can reach about1000g.

This variety is very sensitive to cultivation conditions. If the climate is suitable, the fertilizer and water are sufficient, and the management is fine, there will be many branches. Every time there will be many ginger balls, which are often arranged in two or more layers, and the ginger pieces are thick, so they are called "horseshoe ginger". For example, under the condition of poor soil and extensive management, the underground plants have few branches and few ginger balls, and most of them are arranged in a single layer, and the ginger pieces are thin, which is called "Fan Jiang". Sowing in early May and harvesting in late June, the growth period is about 150 days. Generally, the yield per 667 m 2 is about 2000 kg, and the high-yield field can reach more than 3500 kg.

(2) Laiwu Dajiang Laiwu local variety is a famous specialty in Shandong Province. Widely planted in Laiwu city and nearby counties and cities. This variety has tall plants and strong growth potential, generally 75-90 cm high, large and plump leaves, 20-25 cm long and 2.2-3 cm wide, dark green leaves, stout stems and few branches. The number of branches per plant is 8- 12, and many branches can reach 65,438+. The number of ginger balls in the rhizome is small, but the ginger balls are large, with few nodes and sparse nodes, mostly arranged in a single layer, and also arranged in two or more layers when they grow vigorously. The rhizome has beautiful appearance, strong spicy taste, good commodity quality and high yield. Generally, the weight of each rhizome is 400-450g. Under the condition of protected cultivation, the weight of rhizome per plant can reach more than 1 1,000 grams, and the yield is usually 2000-2500 kilograms per 667 square meters. The yield of high-yield fields can reach 3500-4000 kg, and the cultivated area of protected land can reach more than 5000 kg. In recent years, due to the good export sales of this variety, it has been well received by the masses and the planting area has increased.

(3) Dioscorea zingiberensis in Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province is a local variety, mainly produced in Lucun, Wulangmiao and Baoshan. Cultivation has a long history, and now it is mainly distributed on both sides of Xishui in Chenggu County, between Fengshan and Baoshan. Products are mainly sold to Xi, Baoji and other large and medium-sized cities. The plant height of this variety is 70 ~ 80 cm, and each plant has about 12 ~ 15 branches, up to more than 30 branches. Leaf blade lanceolate, dark green, about 25 cm long and 3.0 cm wide. The rhizome is fat, the epidermis is smooth, the fresh turmeric skin is yellow, and the scales at the top of the ginger ball are pink. The skin of old ginger is yellow-brown. Fine shredded ginger, thick ginger juice, low water content, spicy taste and good quality. Generally, the root weight of a single plant is 300-400g, with a maximum of 900g. Generally, the yield per 667 square meters is 2000 kg, and the yield in high-yield fields can reach 2500-3000 kg.

(4) Jiangxi Fuzhou ginger is a farmer variety from Linchuan and dongxiang county, Jiangxi Province, and is now cultivated in all counties in Fuzhou area. The plant of this variety is erect, with a plant height of about 70 cm, a round stem, blue-green leaves, a length of about 20 cm and a width of 2.5 cm. The rhizome skin is smooth, light yellow, the meat is yellow-white, the tender buds are light purplish red, the fiber is rich, and the spicy taste is strong. The growing period is about 65,438+0. 50 days, like hot and humid, not tolerant of cold and heat. 10 was sown in late April and harvested in late September to 10. The average plant weight was about 400g, and the yield per 667m2 was1800 ~ 2000kg.

(5) Guangzhou Milun Fine Meat Ginger is a peasant variety in the suburbs of Guangzhou, mainly distributed in the northern suburbs of Guangzhou and Conghua area. The plant height is 60 ~ 80 cm, the leaves are needle-shaped turquoise, the leaf length is 15 ~ 20 cm, the width is 2 ~ 2.5 cm, the branches are strong, there are many branches, and the ginger balls are small and arranged in double layers. The root bark and meat are light yellow, dense in meat quality, rich in fiber, slightly pungent in taste and strong in drought and disease resistance. Generally, the weight of a single plant is 700 ~1500g, and the yield of intercropping is 800 ~1000kg per 667m2. The growth period of this variety is 150 ~ 180 days, the climate is cool and suitable for intercropping, and the soil is not too wet. Usually sow in February-March, harvest tender ginger in July-August, and harvest old ginger after 10.

(6) Yellow claw ginger, a farmer variety in Linping, Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province, has a long history of local cultivation. The plants of this variety are a little shorter and the stems are a little thinner than the red claw ginger. Generally, the plant height is 60 ~ 65 cm, the spreading degree is 40 ~ 50 cm, each plant has 13 ~ 17 branches, and the leaves are dark green, 22 ~ 24 cm long and 2.8 ~ 3 cm wide. The rhizome is medium in size, the ginger balls are small, the internodes are short and closely arranged. Ginger skin is light yellow, and the buds are not red, so it is named yellow claw ginger. The rhizome has dense meat, strong spicy taste and strong disease resistance, but the yield is slightly lower. Generally, each rhizome weighs 250-400g. It is usually planted in late April, harvested in late June, harvested in early August, and harvested in early October. The yield is about 667m2165438 ~1200kg.

(7) Jiangxi Xingguo Ginger Jiangxi Province has a long history of cultivating ginger and there are many local varieties. Xingguo, Fuzhou, Du Yu, Shanggao and Jiujiang counties are famous ginger producing areas. Xingguo Jiusan Ginger is one of the famous specialty vegetables in Jiangxi Province. It is an ancient peasant variety in Jiushan Village, Liu Long Township, Xingguo County, and has been planted in the whole county. The plant height of this variety is 70 ~ 90 cm, with many branches, the stem is thick 1.2 cm, the stem base is purplish, with special fragrance, the leaves are lanceolate green, the leaves are 25 cm long and 3 cm wide, the flowers are like lotus flowers, the perianth is irregular, and there are 6 stamens and 6 pistils 1 piece, but they rarely bloom. The rhizome is fat, the ginger balls are arranged in two rows, the skin is light yellow, the meat is yellowish white, the tender buds are purplish red, the fiber is less, the texture is crisp and tender, the spicy taste is moderate, the quality is excellent, and it is resistant to storage and transportation. It is usually planted in mid-April and harvested in early June. The harvesting time of fresh ginger is from 10 to 12. Ginger harvested before beginning of winter is called "Zi" ginger and winter ginger, which are mainly used as vegetables and condiments, while pit ginger and old ginger are mainly used for medicine besides food. Pickled vegetables, five-flavored ginger, sweet ginger, white sugar ginger slices, dehydrated ginger slices, spicy powder and other foods. Made of jiusan River, it is well received by the masses.

(8) Zhang Liangjiang is a local variety of Zhang Liangzhen, Lushan County, Henan Province. The plant has strong growth potential, strong and lasting rhizome aroma, fine fiber, low water content, storage and transportation resistance and high yield. Generally, the output per 667 square meters is about 2500 kilograms, which is said to have been listed as a tribute in the Han Dynasty.

(9) Dioscorea zingiberensis is mainly distributed in Xinshao County, Hunan Province. This variety has compact plant type, strong branching ability, general adaptability, yellow skin and flesh, delicate meat, low water content and strong spicy taste. Generally, each plant weighs about 65,438+0,000 grams, which is suitable for making dried ginger or medicine.

(10) Ginger with chicken feet in Hunan Province is mainly distributed in Chenzhou and Leiyang counties of Hunan Province. This variety has short plants, many branches and developed roots. Because the rhizome looks like chicken feet, it is named chicken feet ginger. A single ginger ball looks like a bamboo root, with short and dense internodes, low water content, dense meat, light and spicy taste, storage resistance, strong disease resistance, small rhizome per plant, not very fat and low yield. It is mainly used in medicine.

(1 1) Guangdong local varieties, widely cultivated in the local area, intercropped with others, have vigorous growth, plant height of 80-85 cm, strong branching, light yellow roots, yellowish white meat, tender texture, mild taste, beautiful appearance and good quality, and are suitable for seasoning and sugar stains. The processed sugar ginger comes from Guangdong. The plant of this variety is relatively tall, with a plant height of 70-80 cm, dark green leaves, few branches, thick stem 1.2- 1.5 cm, large rhizome, light yellow and thin skin, yellowish white meat, pink buds, single-layer arrangement of ginger balls, less fiber, tender texture, excellent quality, high yield, but slightly poor disease resistance. Generally speaking, the weight of each rhizome is1000 ~ 2000g. Generally, local plants are planted in February-March, tender ginger is harvested in July-August, and old ginger is harvested from June 5438+ 10 to February of the following year. Its rhizome can overwinter in the field.

(12) Claw ginger (alias Daganhuang) is a peasant variety in Xinfeng, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province and Linping and Xiaolin, Yuhang County, and is widely cultivated locally. This variety has a strong growth potential, the plant height is 65-80cm, the spreading degree is 45-55cm, the leaves are lanceolate, alternate, dark green, the length is 22-25cm, the width is about 3cm, the branching ability is strong, generally each plant has 22-26 branches, the stem diameter is about 65,438+0cm, the rhizome is thick, and there are many ginger balls, generally 23-23. The rhizome fiber is less, the spicy taste is slightly stronger, and the quality is excellent. Young ginger can be pickled or sugared, and old ginger can be used as seasoning. The weight of rhizome per plant is 400-500g, and the weight can reach more than1000g. Generally, the output per 667 square meters is 1200 ~ 1500 kg, and the high yield can reach 2000 kg.

This variety likes warm and humid, not cold and drought tolerant, and its disease resistance is slightly weak. Sowing is usually carried out in late April to early May, and harvesting is carried out in the middle and early October of 165438+ 10, and 4000 ~ 5000 plants are planted every 667m. In order to market or process early, tender ginger can be harvested in early August.

(13) There are many local varieties of Zingiber officinale in Tongling, Anhui. Such as Xuancheng Ginger, Xiuning Liyan Ginger, Buried Hill Monkey Ginger, Shucheng Yellow Ginger, Jiashan Chicken Feet Ginger, Linquan Tiger Head Ginger, etc. But Tongling white ginger is the most famous, and it is a famous specialty in Anhui Province. According to legend, when Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River in the Qing Dynasty, he was full of praise after eating Tongling rock sugar ginger, saying that it was "big and thin, with more juice and less residue, crispy meat and rich fragrance" and felt "fragrant overnight" after eating it. This variety has strong growth potential, the plant height is generally 70 ~ 90 cm, and the height is above 100 cm. The leaves are narrow and needle-shaped, dark green, the ginger pieces are fat, the fresh ginger is milky white to light yellow, the tender buds are pink, the appearance is beautiful, the fiber is less, the meat is tender, the spicy taste is strong, the spicy taste is moderate, the quality is good, and it is suitable for pickling and sugar stains. The local area is usually planted from late April to early May, cultivated in high ridges and shaded in high sheds, and harvested in late June at 65438+ 10. Generally, the weight of rhizome per plant is 300-500g, and fresh ginger1500-2,500kg per 667m2. Tongling people like to eat ginger and regard it as a good medicine. They often say that "a slice of ginger is better than a prescription" and "a cup of ginger soup is suitable for all ages".

Anhui Shucheng ginger is a peasant variety in Shucheng, with a long cultivation history. According to Shucheng County Records, it was cultivated in the Tang Dynasty, and the variety grew vigorously, with a plant height of about 80 cm, thick stems, branches 10 ~ 12 and small cluster angle. Leaves lanceolate, about 20 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, dark green. The rhizome is fat and smooth, about 5.5 cm long and 3.2 cm wide, with yellow flesh and pink buds. 400-500 grams of rhizome per plant, yield per 667 square meters 1500-2000 kg. The product has crisp meat, strong spicy taste, less fiber and good quality. It is widely used in condiments and is suitable for processing. It has a long growth period and strong adaptability, showing heat and drought tolerance, but not waterlogging tolerance. Sow around the long summer and harvest in late June 10.

(14) Jiangxi huanglaomen ginger is a farm variety in huanglaomen township, Jiujiang county, Jiangxi province, with a long history of local cultivation. The plant of this variety is erect, with a plant height of about 80 cm, many branches, a stem diameter of about 1 cm, a needle-like dark green leaf, a length of 25 cm and a width of 2 ~ 3 cm. Ginger balls are closely arranged, but irregular, with thin skin, light yellow meat, yellowish white, purplish red tender buds, fine texture, less fiber, strong spicy taste, slightly strong spicy taste, good quality and storage resistance. Sowing in late April to early May and harvesting in mid-late June 10. Generally, the output per 667 square meters is1500 ~ 2000 kg.

(15) Zunyi Dabai Ginger is a farm variety in Zunyi City and Meitan County, Guizhou Province. Its rhizome is fat, its skin is smooth, its flesh is yellow and white, it is rich in water, its fiber is less, its texture is crisp and tender, its spicy taste is light, and its quality is excellent. Tender ginger is suitable for frying or processing sugar stains. Generally, each rhizome weighs 350-400 grams, and the largest can reach more than 500 grams, generally every 6600 grams.

(16) Laifeng Ginger is a farm variety in laifeng county, Hubei Province, also known as Fengtou Ginger. It has a long history of cultivation in the local area, mainly distributed in Laifeng, Enshi and other counties and cities in western Hubei. This variety has short plants, needle-shaped leaves, green and yellow-white roots, purple scales in tender buds, smooth surface of ginger slices, crisp and fine meat, little fiber, strong spicy taste, pure fragrance, high water content and good quality, which is suitable for candied fruit processing, but not resistant to storage. Mid-late maturity, usually planted in late April to early May, harvested in late June from 65438+1October to1early October165438+1October, with an average yield of1500 ~ 2000 per 667m2.

(17) Zaoyang ginger is a farmer variety in Zaoyang County, Hubei Province. Its rhizome is bright yellow, the arrangement of ginger balls is irregular, the spicy taste is strong and the quality is good. It can be used as spicy seasoning and pickling raw material. This variety is afraid of strong light and needs shade during its growth. Germination is accelerated in early April, sown in early May, and harvested in late June+10. The weight of each rhizome plant is 300-400g, and the largest can reach about 500g. Generally, the output per 667 square meters is 2500 ~ 3000 kg.

(18) Yulin round ginger is a local variety in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is planted all over the region, especially in counties in Yulin area. The plant of this variety is short, with a plant height of 50-60 cm and many branches. The stem is 65,438+0 cm thick, Julia green, 20-25 cm long and 3.0-3.5 cm wide. The root bark is yellowish, the meat is yellowish white, the buds are purplish red, the meat is tender, the spicy taste is strong, the spicy taste is light, the quality is good, it is early-maturing and not resistant to moisture. Sow in the middle and late February, and harvest the tender ginger after mid-August. The suitable harvesting period is from September to 10. The growth period is 180 ~ 230 days, and the yield is high. Generally, the weight of a single plant is 500-800g, and the heaviest plant can reach more than 2kg.

(19) Fujian Red Bud Ginger This variety is mainly distributed in Fujian Province. The plant has strong growth potential, many branches, pale yellow rhizome epidermis, waxy yellow meat, reddish buds, reddish scales at the base of leaf sheath, few rhizome fibers, tender texture and good flavor. Generally speaking, the rhizome of a single plant weighs about 500 grams.

(20) Sichuan bamboo root ginger is a local variety in Sichuan Province, mainly distributed in eastern Sichuan. It is also planted in southwest Sichuan. The plant is 70 ~ 80 cm high, with green lanceolate leaves, irregular palm-shaped roots, pale yellow skin, purple scales at the top of tender buds and ginger balls, crisp and tender meat, less fiber and excellent quality, which is suitable for softening cultivation. Not tolerant of drought and flood, strong disease resistance and high yield. Generally, the weight of rhizome per plant is 250 ~ 500 grams, and the yield per 667 square meters is about 2500 kilograms.

(2 1) Mianyang ginger is a farmer variety in the suburb of Mianyang City, Sichuan Province. The plant is tall, with a plant height of 75- 100 cm, strong branching, lanceolate leaves, a length of about 27 cm and a width of about 3.0-3.5 cm, green, irregular palmate rhizome, light yellow, little fiber, crisp texture and excellent quality. Each rhizome weighs about 500 grams. Planting in early April, the growth period is about 130 ~ 190 days, and harvesting in late August to1October. Generally, the output per 667 square meters is 2000 ~ 2500 kg.

(22) Ginger in Taiwan Province Province is cultivated in Yilan, Nantou, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taitung and Hualien in Taiwan Province Province, among which Yilan and Nantou produce more tender ginger, while Taitung, Chiayi, Yunlin and Hualien mainly cultivate old ginger. The main cultivated varieties are ginger (Nanyang ginger), bamboo ginger, pink ginger, water ginger, turmeric and so on.

The varieties introduced above can be selected according to the local climate characteristics, but before changing the local varieties, the imported varieties should be tested first. If they meet the local climate characteristics and consumption habits, they can be introduced, otherwise.

In addition to the above excellent varieties, Sichuan Luzhou White Ginger, Chengdu Huang Er Ginger, Zhejiang Yongkang Wuzhiyan Scenic Resort Scenic Area Ginger and Liaoning Dandong White Jiang Ye are excellent varieties of China Ginger.