Urgent! ! ! Where is the folk custom in China more distinctive?

I think our customs in Henan are fun and interesting.

Central Plains culture is profound and has a long history. On the surface, she is a regional culture. At a deeper level, she is not an ordinary regional culture, but the root and backbone of China traditional culture, which occupies a prominent position in the history of China cultural development. Specifically, it includes at least the following ten main contents.

(A) Dragon culture

The dragon is a symbol of wisdom, courage, auspiciousness and dignity. Henan is the hometown of dragons. Taihao Fuxi, known as the ancestor of mankind, created a dragon totem in Huaiyang, Zhoukou today, realizing the first great integration of many ancient tribes. The Yellow Emperor, known as another ancestor of mankind, used dragons as the totem of new tribes in Xinzheng today in order to unite the thoughts and spirits of the tribes in the Yellow River Basin. Today, China people are called "descendants of the Chinese people" and "descendants of dragons", which is why they came. Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, the dragon cultural relics discovered in Henan have a long history and are the most authentic. Long Bang in Puyang, 6400 years ago, is the earliest dragon image in China, and it is praised as "a dragon in China" by the archaeological community. The large turquoise dragon found in Erlitou site of Yanshi, the first capital of China, was named "Dragon" by scholars at least 3700 years ago, and so on. These dragon objects come down in one continuous line from Xia, Shang, Zhou, Han, Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties, and they are the source of the dragon totem of the Chinese nation, which can be said to be the ancestors of various dragon statues in the Forbidden City in Beijing. The dragon image, which originated in the Central Plains, has become the symbol of the Chinese nation, the spiritual core of Chinese civilization, the bond and spiritual pillar of unity of the Chinese nation.

(B) Chinese character culture

Chinese characters are an important carrier to inherit and carry forward Chinese culture, a basic symbol of the Chinese nation and a remarkable symbol of Chinese civilization, which have exerted a great and far-reaching influence on the written culture of Korea, South Korea, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other countries. The cultural history of Chinese characters for more than 4,000 years can be said to be a history of Chinese characters in the Central Plains. The emergence of Chinese characters and almost every important development stage occurred in the Central Plains. Legend has it that the characters of Cang Xie in the era of the Yellow Emperor were created in Henan. The first complete China writing system, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, was unearthed in Henan. Li Si, who helped Qin Shihuang "write the same book" and formulated the writing standard of Biography, was from Shangcai, Henan. Xu Shen, a philologist who compiled the world's first dictionary, summarized the rules of Chinese character generation and unified word meaning analysis, was from Luohe, Henan. He completed Shuo Wen Jie Zi, a masterpiece of China philology, in his hometown. The standard font "Song Ti" that we still use today was produced in Kaifeng, Henan Province, and the famous movable type printing was also invented here.

(C) surname culture

Henan is the cradle of China's surnames. No matter its origin, it is closely related to the Central Plains, and a large number of surnames have been derived. Among the 4820 Han surnames in the Chinese Surnames Ceremony, 1834 originated in Henan, accounting for 38% of the total surnames, and its population accounts for more than 84.9% of the total Han population today. Among the top 300 surnames, 17 1 is rooted in Henan, accounting for 57%; Among the 65,438+000 surnames arranged by population, 78 surnames originated in Henan, no matter the four surnames of China, represented by Li, Wang, Zhang and Huang, or the four surnames of South China, represented by Lin, Chen, Zheng and Huang. In recent years, Henan has held a surname culture festival with the theme of "the same surname and the same root, and all surnames have the same origin", which has been widely recognized and responded at home and abroad, and has set off a wave of root-seeking, pilgrimage and ancestor worship among Chinese people all over the world. Surname culture is a unique cultural phenomenon in Henan.

Agricultural culture

Agriculture first appeared in the Central Plains. Farming culture in Central Plains contains many characteristic farming techniques and scientific inventions. Many agricultural production tools were unearthed in Peiligang cultural site, which provided physical evidence for the development of early farming culture, especially the polished stone grinding rod, which became the earliest grain processing tool found in China. As we all know, Fuxi, the leader of Huang San, taught people to "weave nets" and opened the era of fishing and hunting economy; Emperor Yan, known as "Shennong", taught people to sow and harvest, which initiated the agricultural era. Dayu used dredging to control water, which promoted the development of water conservancy in China and promoted the progress of mathematics, surveying and mapping, transportation and other related technologies. During the Warring States Period, the "Zheng Guoqu" built by Zheng Guo, a native of Henan, greatly improved the agricultural production conditions in Guanzhong area. With the national integration, especially the southward migration of Central Plains people, advanced agricultural technologies and concepts spread to the south, which promoted the improvement of ancient agricultural level in China. It can be said that the origin and development of agriculture in China, the invention and creation of agricultural technology, and the system and concept of agriculture are closely related to Henan.

(5) Business culture

China Merchants, commerce and commercial culture originated in the Central Plains, which is the knowledge of archaeology and history. Since ancient times, the Central Plains has had a relatively conscious sense of business, which has produced many firsts in China's business culture. Wang Hai of Shang Dynasty is regarded as the originator of commerce, that is, he was the first person who used ox carts to pull goods far away to do business. Old Master Q, the first Confucian businessman, was born in Xun County, Henan Province. He is not only an official, but also good at getting rich in business. The first person who was enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings, Fan Li, who was called "Shang Sheng" by later generations, was a Nanyang person. After he helped Gou Jian, the King of Yue, destroy the State of Wu, he quietly retired and put his talents into business. The first patriotic businessman was Gao Xian from Xinzheng. On his way to do business, he was invaded by Qin Shihuang and retired from Qin Jun at the expense of his fifteen cows. In addition, the Central Plains has created many firsts in China's commerce. For example, the first batch of professional businessmen in the history of China was born in Luoyang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the first law promulgated by the government to protect the interests of businessmen was born in Xinzheng in the Spring and Autumn Period. The earliest tariff collection represented by "Chengmenqian" took place in Shangqiu in the Spring and Autumn Period. The first industrial businessman with strategic thoughts was Bai Gui in Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and the first commercial theorist was Ji Ran in Shangqiu today. The earliest merchant litigation regulations occurred in Zheng State in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is now Zhengzhou. The world's first truly international metropolis with a population of more than one million was Bianjing (now Kaifeng) in the Northern Song Dynasty, when the population reached 6.5438+0.5 million. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in Song Dynasty, is a true portrayal of this grand occasion, and London, one of the oldest and most developed cities in Europe, had only 50,000 people at that time. In the Qing Dynasty, the Kang Million family in Gongyi wrote a business myth that "the rich are no more than twelve generations and remain unbeaten for four hundred years". It can be seen that the commercial culture of the Central Plains occupies an important position in the cultural system of China.

(VI) Ideology and culture

Central Plains ideology and culture is the core of China's ideology and culture. Fuxi played gossip in Huaiyang, Henan Province, and later Zhou Wenwang wrote The Book of Changes in Youlicheng Prison, Anyang, Henan Province, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. A hundred schools of thought contend mostly from Henan, and his activity area is mainly in Henan. Laozi and Zhuangzi are both Taoists and Henan people. They wrote the Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi, which have far-reaching influence in Henan. Confucius is a pioneer of Confucianism. Although he was born in Shandong, his ancestral home is Shangqiu, Henan, and the main activity area of Confucius' lecture lobbying is in the Central Plains. Han Fei, Shang Yang and Shen Buhai, the representatives of Legalism, are all from Henan. In addition, Mohist Mozi, Su Qin Yi Cheung, strategist Wu Qi and sage Lv Buwei are all from Henan. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains, spread to the whole country with Henan as the center, and quickly became an influential school of thought, and finally formed the core of China's ideological culture together with Confucianism and Taoism. Wang Chong, a native of Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Lun Heng, a masterpiece of materialist philosophy. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Fan Zhen, a native of Henan Province, systematically expounded atheism in The Theory of Deity Extinction, which is of great progressive significance. Shaolin monks combined Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism into one, and created a far-reaching Zen Buddhism. Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty initiated by Luoyang people Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi pushed Confucianism to a new ideological peak and became the dominant thought since Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the whole, the Central Plains ideology and culture conveys a life philosophy of vigorous and enterprising, self-improvement and the golden mean, which not only contains the innovative and enterprising spirit of "upgrading", but also embodies the spiritual realm of friendliness and longing for peace. These thoughts and cultures have shaped the basic cultural form and character of the Chinese nation, enriched the spiritual treasure house of the Chinese nation and exerted a great influence on world culture.

(7) Science, technology and culture

The science and technology culture in the Central Plains is relatively developed, with the characteristics of extensive content, practical invention and creation, and historical development and inheritance. For example, the "Simuwu" Dafang Ding unearthed from Yin Ruins in Anyang is the largest and heaviest bronze ware ever discovered. Its smelting and casting technology not only reached the most advanced level of that era, but even modern people were amazed. The iron sword with bronze handle of the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Sanmenxia is the earliest artificial iron smelting object in China, and is known as "the first sword in China". The iron smelting blast furnace of Han Dynasty discovered in Zhengzhou is the earliest oval blast furnace in the world. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Du Shifa, a native of Henan Province, invented the "water drainage" blasting technology, which was 1000 years earlier than that in Europe. Pottery and porcelain also first appeared in Henan. "Yangshao Painted Pottery" is exquisitely shaped, "Three Colors of Tang Dynasty" is well-known at home and abroad, and Jun porcelain is colorful, simple and elegant, which not only represents the highest level of porcelain-making technology in history, but also has high aesthetic and artistic value. As the saying goes, "a piece of Jun porcelain is not as rich as a family", which just illustrates this truth. Zhang Heng, the great historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, known as a "saint", invented the "seismograph" 0/700 years earlier than the West. The Huntington Theory founded by Ptolemy, a contemporary Greek astronomer, is much more advanced than the Cosmic Theory. In the Tang Dynasty, a monk and his party from Henan not only invented the earliest automatic timer in the world, but also put forward the view that "the stars move by themselves", which was earlier than the British astronomer Harley 1000 years. He and his colleagues made the first meridian measurement in the world, which became a milestone in the development of ancient astronomy. China's four great inventions were conceived and invented in the Central Plains.

(8) Chinese medicine culture

Central Plains medical culture is famous for its holistic treatment thought, multi-angle observation of pathology, unique treatment technology and harmonious medication, which is the essence of traditional culture and national quintessence. Huangdi was recognized as the founder of TCM by later generations, and Huangdi Neijing, which was compiled during the Warring States Period, is still a guiding medical work that TCM practitioners must read. Zhang Zhongjing, a native of Nanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, put forward the theory system of six meridians syndrome differentiation, which is the first classic monograph of traditional Chinese medicine in China, and is known as "the ancestor of China's medical prescriptions". There are 8 pieces of prescriptions11in the "Fangzidong" in Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, which treat 37 kinds of diseases. These prescriptions are the earliest stone carving prescriptions in China. Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, had commercial medical bureau, imperial hospital, medical secret library, imperial medical bureau, Hanlin medical palace and other institutions, which were second to none at that time. The elaborate "Bronze Man of Acupuncture" placed in the "Medical Palace" has become a symbol of the birthplace of acupuncture medicine in the world. It can be said that Chinese medicine culture originated from the Central Plains, where Chinese medicine masters gathered, Chinese medicine culture developed and Chinese medicine classics were born.

(9) Poetry culture

Henan is the birthplace of China literature. China's earliest collection of essays, Shangshu, is a book compiled by historians of Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In the Book of Songs, the first poetry collection in China, there are more than 100 works in Henan Province, accounting for more than one third of the total content. Lu Xun said that in the Qin Dynasty, only Li Si was a writer in Shangcai, Henan Province. During the Han and Wei dynasties, there was a saying that "Han and Wei articles were semi-Luoyang". Luo Yang Jia Yi initiated Sao Style Fu, and Zhang Heng's Erjing Fu was the best in Han Dynasty. Jia Yi and Chao Cuo pushed the political theory of the Western Han Dynasty to the peak. Ruan Yu and Yang Ying in the "Seven Children of Jian 'an" in Han and Wei Dynasties were both from Henan. Zuo Si's "Sandu Fu" is famous all over the world, leaving a story that "Luoyang paper is expensive". The hometown of Song Ci is Kaifeng, and the main position of "Liangyuan Literature" is Shangqiu, both of which have left many eternal songs. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Han nationality moved south, and the works of Central Plains literati, represented by Xie Lingyun's landscape poems and Jiang Yan's lyric poems, promoted the prosperity of Jiangnan literature. Among the three most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty, there are two in Henan. Poet Du Fu was born in Gongyi, Henan. His gloomy and frustrated style reflects the vicissitudes of an era, and his poems are known as "the history of poetry". Bai Juyi is a poet who perfectly combines realism and romanticism. He is from Xinzheng, Henan. His poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Travel" have become masterpieces that have been told for generations. Han Yu, a native of Mengzhou, "the decline of eight generations", ranked first among the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" and reached the peak of China's prose. Cen Can, Liu Yuxi, Li He, Li Shangyin and other Henan people are among the famous poets for their outstanding literary achievements.

(10) Wushu culture

Wushu culture, also known as Kung Fu culture, is a distinctive feature of Central Plains culture. The Central Plains martial arts culture and technology is the best in the world, and China is spread by virtue. Shaolin Kungfu vividly shows the important position of Shaolin Wushu in China Wushu culture. The historical legend of "thirteen stick monks saved the Tang King" and the brilliant achievements in helping Qi Jiguang fight against the Japanese invaders made Shaolin Temple famous far and near, and became a place where Chinese martial arts gathered, spread and developed, making Shaolin a brand of China martial arts, as well as a brand of Central Plains culture and even Chinese culture. Tai Ji Chuan is another important school of China Wushu culture founded by Chen, a native of Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan. It is characterized by combining rigidity with softness, aiming at strengthening the body and cultivating sentiment. It has spread to five continents and become an important part of the lives of hundreds of millions of people.