What is the agricultural Internet of Things monitoring system?

The agricultural Internet of Things monitoring system is specially developed for outdoor applications, and has a built-in GSM wireless communication module. In addition, it also has two functions: image monitoring and data acquisition, which can be flexibly applied to outdoor information analysis applications to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of all kinds of information data. The system structure is shown in figure 1.

Figure 1 Monitoring System Structure of Agricultural Internet of Things

The wireless sensor nodes of the agricultural Internet of Things monitoring system collect the temperature and humidity signals in the greenhouse and environmental parameters such as illumination, soil temperature, soil water content and CO concentration. It realizes the transmission of sensor data through short-distance wireless communication technology of low-power ad hoc network. All data are collected at the central node and connected to the Internet through the wireless gateway. The environmental information of the crop site can be grasped in real time by mobile phone or remote computer, and the expert system can diagnose the crop growth and diseases and insect pests according to the environmental parameters. Outdoor scenes are equipped with monitoring equipment such as cameras to collect video signals in real time. Users can observe the site situation at any time and place through computers or 3G mobile phones, check the temperature and humidity data, and control the remote intelligent adjustment of designated equipment.

1) Outdoor monitoring station: simultaneously monitor farmland, sewage outlets, orchards, outdoor power systems and other stations to obtain temperature and humidity signals and environmental parameters such as illumination, soil temperature, soil water content, CO concentration, water quality, pests and diseases, current and voltage, so as to provide decision-making basis for managers.

2) Sensors: mainly responsible for the collection and control of data such as illumination, temperature, humidity, soil water content and video in the greenhouse.

3) Management Center: The first parameters of outdoor monitoring stations reach the indoor management center through the transmission base station, which are processed by the intelligent agricultural software system and sent to the intelligent terminal to provide accurate data basis for decision makers.

4) Intelligent mobile work terminal: The advantages of smart phone, GPS handset and wireless walkie-talkie equipment are perfectly integrated to form mobile individual equipment, with one machine in hand. The communication dual-channel mode completely solves the problem of communication dead angle in forest areas, enables smooth communication anytime and anywhere, accurately locates and collects synchronous data. It is an all-round assistant for agricultural workers.

5) Agricultural monitoring system: While monitoring parameters such as temperature and humidity, light, water quality and wind direction, it can also effectively monitor crop resources, ecological environment, pests and diseases.

2. Features and advantages of agricultural Internet of Things monitoring system 1) The system has low construction cost, low daily use fee and low maintenance cost.

2) Monitor on-site high-definition image display and remote data acquisition, which is intuitive and clear.

3) shoot regularly and take the initiative to ask for it remotely, reducing the number of inspections and reducing the cost of manpower and material resources.

4) Innovative application of science and technology, unified integration and large-scale management.

5) Historical data storage, all data summary and analysis.

Figure 2 Monitoring System Architecture of Agricultural Internet of Things

The structure of agricultural Internet of Things monitoring system adopts wireless GSM network, which can realize real-time remote monitoring of environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity, crop images, etc. of farmland crop growth environment through various external sensors. Images and environmental data are transmitted back to the management center through GPRS, and managers can summarize and analyze the farmland environment and insect pests through background data and take preventive measures in time. At the same time, managers can also obtain environmental data and pictures regularly through the background management center. The structure of intelligent agricultural monitoring system is shown in Figure 2.

Perception and execution layer: This layer uploads the data collected by the data sensor to the gateway through ZigBee and Rs485/232. According to different transmission modes, greenhouse field deployment can be divided into wireless version and wired version. Wireless version uses zigBee sending module to transmit sensor values to ZigBee nodes; Wired version transmits data to Rs485/232 node through cable. The advantages of wireless version are flexible deployment and convenient expansion. The wired version has the advantages of fast deployment speed and stable data.

Wireless sensor nodes collect real-time signals of temperature and humidity in greenhouse and environmental parameters such as illumination, soil temperature, soil water content and CO2 concentration required for crop growth, and upload them to ZigBee gateway.

Receive remote control instructions and control various agricultural production equipment through relays, including water spraying systems such as spraying and drip irrigation, and air conditioning systems such as rolling shutters and fans.

Through the IP network camera, the crop situation, personnel and security video stream can be uploaded to the server in real time.

Transport layer: This layer mainly transmits the data collected by devices to the server through 3G/GPRS/Intranet network, and supports the existing network protocol of IPv4 and IPv6 protocol of the next generation Internet.

Application layer: This layer is responsible for storing and processing the collected data, providing users with the basis for analysis and decision-making, and users can query through computers, mobile phones and other terminals anytime and anywhere.

User terminals: 3G mobile phones and PC terminals can view all kinds of data transmitted by sensors in real time by accessing the network, and can adjust various devices such as showers, roller blinds and fans in the greenhouse.

Network Topology of Agricultural Internet of Things Monitoring System The agricultural Internet of Things monitoring system adopts various standards on the network, including 3G wireless network for long-distance communication, wireless ZigBee mode and wired RS485/232 mode for short-distance transmission to ensure the stable operation of the network system. The network topology of intelligent agricultural monitoring system is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Network Topology Structure of Agricultural Internet of Things Monitoring System

Data acquisition unit of main equipment of agricultural Internet of Things monitoring system

Sensor units mainly include gas temperature and humidity sensor, soil humidity sensor, soil temperature sensor, light sensor, combustible gas sensor, toxic gas sensor, soil pH sensor, water quality sensor and so on. The collector integrates data acquisition and transmission, with long battery power supply time, simple installation and low cost. Sensors realize digital signal acquisition, solar power supply, mesh wireless transmission and other technologies, and are used in places where wiring is inconvenient.

Communication unit

ZigBee gateway

Through GPRS/3G transmission, information exchange and multi-network integration between ZigBee personal area network and Internet can be realized, and data can be saved locally with SD memory card. The industrial temperature range is -40℃~85℃.

Fig. 6 Intelligent agricultural communication unit

The management center of the terminal display unit can make decisions on agricultural management according to the conclusions of the upper computer software analysis system, and the intelligent mobile terminal can also obtain relevant information anytime and anywhere.