What will be the future development trend of railways?

With the development and application of high and new technologies, railways will be rejuvenated.

As the main force of land transportation, road has enjoyed a monopoly for more than a century. However, since this century, with the rapid development of automobile, aviation and pipeline transportation, railways have been continuously impacted by new waves.

In order to meet the needs of social and economic development, and to meet the safety, accuracy, speed, convenience and comfort requirements of cargo owners and passengers. Railways in various countries have carried out large-scale modernization and technological transformation. At the same time, they have reformed transportation organization work, actively adopted high and new technologies, and achieved new breakthroughs in heavy-load, high-speed transportation and information technology.

Coupled with modern management and high-quality services as well as regional and intercontinental networking of railways, railways have added new vitality and continue to play a backbone role in land transportation and occupy a leading role in modern transportation methods. important position.

The most common trend in the development of railway passenger transport in various countries is high speed, high density, expansion or the use of double-decker passenger cars. The use of EMUs and electric locomotives to traction passenger trains is an important condition for realizing high-speed passenger transportation. Light rail transportation will be favored because it is the most vital means of transportation to improve the urban transportation environment;

Suburban railways work closely with subway and light rail railways, and *** lines and *** stations , and together form the rapid transportation system of large cities, which is an effective measure for various countries to solve the busy passenger traffic in areas with high population density. In the future railway development, the rapid transportation system of large cities will be connected and closely coordinated with the national railway network to form a unified passenger transportation network.

In terms of cargo transportation, centralization, unitization and heavy-duty bulk cargo transportation are the common trends in railway development in various countries. Heavy-duty unit trains use the same type of vehicles, with fixed grouping and fixed-point and fixed-line cyclic operation. They were first used for coal transportation, and later expanded to other bulk cargoes. They improve transportation capacity, reduce fuel consumption, and save operating vehicles, stations, and crew members. etc. have significant effects;

The economy has benefited greatly. For example, 60% of U.S. railway freight volume is completed by unit trains. Russia has tested an ultra-long heavy-haul train weighing 43,407 tons. The train consists of 440 cars, has a total length of 6.5 kilometers, and is pulled by 4 electric locomotives. The scene is very spectacular.

The purpose of railway modernization is to transport passengers and goods quickly and accurately. The safety, speed, packaging saving, simplified procedures and obvious economic effects of railway transportation promote the development of container transportation in various countries. The development trend is towards large-scale and standardization.

Modern railway train performance has reached the limits of energy and maintenance costs. The speed of passenger trains is subject to safety constraints, and the weight of freight trains has reached the live load limits of bridges and lines. The software revolution in railways means improved management and control, which can make railway technical equipment more efficient.

The information system composed of electronic computers, optical fibers, and digital technology will change the traditional relationship between the two fields of communication and signals. The development trend is to replace the current electrical-mechanical interlocking with computer interlocking. In addition, automatically arranging routes can optimize dense train operations and free dispatchers from the limitations of the speed and ability of the human brain.

On electrified railways, the highest power consumption control technology is adopted, that is, at peak times, heating and other electricity can be automatically and temporarily cut off to ensure normal traction power. At present, most electrified railways in Japan and Western European countries have adopted telecontrol systems. The development process of this system is: from relay systems with contacts, to semiconductor electronic systems without contacts, to electronic computer control systems.

In terms of hardware, all countries are strengthening the technological transformation of railway rolling stock. With the emergence of alternative fuels for diesel locomotives, it has become inevitable to re-optimize traditional diesel locomotive engines. Currently, most electric locomotives use DC series motors. Although such motors have good traction characteristics, they are prone to idling. The use of AC electric locomotives is the development direction.

For cargo vehicles, in addition to using large trucks, efforts should be made to reduce the weight of the trucks, increase the axle weight or increase the number of axles. For passenger cars, in order to achieve high speed, the emphasis is on developing lightweight vehicles. The structure of bogies and car bodies are developing towards lightweighting.

With the continuous emergence of new materials, metal materials such as weathering steel and hot-dip galvanized steel plates that are resistant to atmospheric corrosion, polymer materials such as fiberglass, polyurethane foam, synthetic fiber cloth, precision ceramic materials, and optical fibers , superconducting materials are gradually being widely used in railway rolling stock, containers, lines, tunnels, bridges, communications and contact networks.

It can be predicted that, as the main force of land transportation, road has enjoyed a monopoly for more than a century. However, since this century, with the rapid development of automobile, aviation and pipeline transportation, railways have been continuously impacted by new waves.

In order to meet the needs of social and economic development, and to meet the safety, accuracy, speed, convenience and comfort requirements of cargo owners and passengers. Railways in various countries have carried out large-scale modernization and technological transformation, and at the same time reformed transportation organization work, actively adopted high and new technologies, and achieved new breakthroughs in heavy-load, high-speed transportation and information technology;

In addition, modern management and High-quality services and regional and intercontinental railway networking have added new vitality to railways, which continue to play a backbone role in land transportation and occupy an important position in modern transportation methods.

The most common trend in the development of railway passenger transport in various countries is high speed, high density, expansion or the use of double-decker passenger cars. The use of EMUs and electric locomotives to traction passenger trains is an important condition for realizing high-speed passenger transportation. Light rail transportation will be favored because it is the most vital means of transportation to improve the urban transportation environment;

Suburban railways work closely with subway and light rail railways, and *** lines and *** stations , and together form the rapid transportation system of large cities, which is an effective measure for various countries to solve the busy passenger traffic in areas with high population density. In the future railway development, the rapid transportation system of large cities will be connected and closely coordinated with the national railway network to form a unified passenger transportation network.

In terms of cargo transportation, centralization, unitization and heavy-duty bulk cargo transportation are the common trends in railway development in various countries. Heavy-duty unit trains use the same type of vehicles, with fixed grouping and fixed-point and fixed-line cyclic operation. They were first used for coal transportation, and later expanded to other bulk cargoes. They improve transportation capacity, reduce fuel consumption, and save operating vehicles, stations, and crew members. All have significant effects and great economic benefits. For example, 60% of U.S. railway freight volume is completed by unit trains.

Russia has tested an ultra-long heavy-haul train weighing 43,407 tons. The train consists of 440 cars, has a total length of 6.5 kilometers, and is pulled by 4 electric locomotives. The scene is very spectacular.

The purpose of railway modernization is to transport passengers and goods quickly and accurately. The safety, speed, packaging saving, simplified procedures and obvious economic effects of railway transportation promote the development of container transportation in various countries. The development trend is towards large-scale and standardization.

Modern railway train performance has reached the limits of energy and maintenance costs. The speed of passenger trains is subject to safety constraints, and the weight of freight trains has reached the live load limits of bridges and lines. The software revolution in railways means improved management and control, which can make railway technical equipment more efficient.

The information system composed of electronic computers, optical fibers, and digital technology will change the traditional relationship between the two fields of communication and signals. The development trend is to replace the current electrical-mechanical interlocking with computer interlocking. In addition, automatically arranging routes can optimize dense train operations and free dispatchers from the limitations of the speed and ability of the human brain.

On electrified railways, the highest power consumption control technology is adopted, that is, at peak times, heating and other power consumption can be automatically and temporarily cut off to ensure normal traction power consumption. At present, most electrified railways in Japan and Western European countries have adopted telecontrol systems. The development process of this system is: from relay systems with contacts, to semiconductor electronic systems without contacts, to electronic computer control systems.

In terms of hardware, all countries are strengthening the technological transformation of railway rolling stock. With the emergence of alternative fuels for diesel locomotives, it has become inevitable to re-optimize traditional diesel locomotive engines. Currently, most electric locomotives use DC series motors. Although such motors have good traction characteristics, they are prone to idling. The use of AC electric locomotives is the development direction.

For cargo vehicles, in addition to using large trucks, efforts should be made to reduce the weight of the trucks, increase the axle weight or increase the number of axles. For passenger cars, in order to achieve high speed, the focus is on developing lightweight vehicles.

The structure of bogies and car bodies are developing towards lightweighting.

With the continuous emergence of new materials, metal materials such as weathering steel and hot-dip galvanized steel plates that are resistant to atmospheric corrosion, polymer materials such as fiberglass, polyurethane foam, synthetic fiber cloth, precision ceramic materials, and optical fibers , superconducting materials are gradually being widely used in various aspects such as railway rolling stock, containers, lines, tunnels, bridges, communications and contact lines.