Measures to prevent natural disasters

Natural disasters mainly include landslides, mudslides, floods, mountain fires, lightning strikes and snowstorms. So, do you know how to prevent natural disasters? Let me introduce you to the measures to prevent natural disasters. Let's have a look together. Measures to prevent natural disasters 1. Landslide and debris flow < P > Debris flow is a flood in mountain valleys caused by floods, which carries a lot of sediment and stones. Debris flow is often accompanied by mountain torrents, and it is fierce. In a short time, a large number of mud and stones rampage out of the ditch and pile up at the mouth of the ditch. Debris flow is fierce, and often accompanied by mountain collapse, which washes away roads, blocks rivers, and even silts up villages and towns, causing great damage to farmland, roads, bridges and other buildings, and bringing great harm to life, property and economic construction.

prevention measures of debris flow: divide the dangerous area and potential dangerous area of debris flow or divide the sensitivity of debris flow disaster; Strengthen the forecast of hydrology and meteorology, especially the forecast of local heavy rain in a small area. Pay attention to disaster early warning and forecasting at any time, choose a good escape route, and avoid being caught off guard.

emergency points: if you find signs of debris flow, you should immediately observe the terrain and run to the slopes on both sides of the valley or to the highlands. When you escape, you should abandon everything that affects your running speed. Don't hide under the steep hillside with rolling stones and a lot of deposits. Don't stay in low-lying places, and don't climb trees to avoid.

Signs before the debris flow: the river suddenly stops flowing or the water potential suddenly increases, with more firewood and branches; There is a sound like a train roaring or muffled thunder from a deep valley or ditch; The depth of the valley suddenly became dark and there was a slight vibration. When you go outdoors in mountainous areas, you should choose a flat highland as the camp, and try to avoid the curved concave bank of the river (ditch) or the convex bank with narrow and low height. Don't look for a camping shed in the ditch or the low level in the ditch. When encountering long-term rainfall or rainstorm, we should be alert to the occurrence of debris flow. Measures to prevent natural disasters 2. Mountain fire < P > Mountain fire, also known as forest fire, vegetation fire, grassland fire or bush fire, is a kind of fire that is difficult to control in the forest field. Usually caused by lightning. Other common causes are human carelessness and intentional arson.

there are three conditions for the occurrence of mountain fires. one is combustible, and the fire source of mountain fires is abundant. Trees, shrubs, herbs, litter and so on are all combustible, and they are very abundant, which is also a necessary condition for forest fires to cause great losses. The second is oxygen. The combustible materials can only burn in the presence of oxygen, which is the combustion-supporting gas of combustible materials. If there is no oxygen, the combustible materials can't burn, and the mountain fire will not happen. The third is to reach the ignition temperature of combustible materials. A certain temperature can activate oxygen and promote combustible materials to produce a large number of flammable gases. When the combustible is heated by the outside world, a large amount of water vapor evaporates, the temperature rises, and a large amount of combustible gas appears. When it reaches the temperature at which it starts to ignite, it is called the ignition point. When the temperature reaches the ignition point, it can cause combustion without external fire source. When these conditions are met, mountain fires will inevitably occur.

once a mountain fire happens, it is very easy to cause heavy losses, including the safety of life and property. The company should actively cooperate with local responsible departments to do a good job in fire safety inspection.

during the fire prevention period, it is forbidden to use fire in the field; If it is necessary to use fire due to special circumstances, the following regulations must be strictly observed:

1. It is strictly forbidden to use fire in the wild without permission. Due to the needs of construction, those involved in hot work in trees, grasslands and shrubs must apply for hot work safety licenses in accordance with the regulations, and there should be a special person in charge. Fire isolation zones should be opened in advance, fire extinguishing tools should be prepared, and fire should be used in the weather below the third grade wind in an organized manner to prevent fire.

2, all kinds of motor vehicles, must be equipped with fire prevention devices, and take other effective measures to prevent fire leakage, fire and locomotive brake shoe falling off to cause fire.

3. Establish a fire safety management system, conduct regular fire safety inspections, and conduct fire knowledge training and drills to ensure that personnel have fire fighting and escape skills.

4. Do a good job in monitoring and forecasting high temperature weather, especially in forecasting high fire risk weather. You can notify or pay attention to the high-temperature early warning information of related media such as network and TV department through SMS and broadcast.

First-aid measures for mountain fire escape: Once you find that you are trapped or attacked by forest fire, you should make decisive decisions, quickly choose the route to break through and avoid fire, and adopt correct methods to avoid casualties. In a relatively open flat land, relying on rivers, streams and roads, the igniter can be used to light the head-on fire, so that the new fire head can spread against the wind in the direction of the fire head and prevent the fire front from clearing. Please note that there must be patrol personnel on the other side of the control line to prevent new fire spots in Fei Huo.

1. Ignition clearance

When there are no rivers, streams and roads to rely on, when time permits, use an igniter to light a downwind fire, and the fire-fighting team members will follow the fire into the burned area to avoid the fire, dig out the underground wet soil with their hands, breathe close to the wet soil or cover their nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

2. Forcibly cross the line of fire against the wind

When ignition or other conditions are not available, do not run with the wind. You should choose a section that has been over-fired or sparsely weeded and has a flat terrain, cover your head with clothes, quickly cross the line of fire against the wind, and enter the burned area to escape safely.

3. Lie down to avoid smoke (fire)

When it is too late to clear the fire, and there are rivers (ditches) nearby, windward flat areas with no vegetation or sparse vegetation, cover your head with water soaked clothes, put your hands on your chest and lie down to avoid smoke (fire). When lying down to avoid smoke (fire), in order to prevent smoke from choking and suffocation, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, dig a pit and breathe close to the wet soil to avoid smoke damage.

4. Move quickly

When the fire strikes and the manpower is out of control, move to a safe place as soon as time permits to avoid casualties. Measures to prevent natural disasters III. Blizzard < P > Blizzard is accompanied by cold wave or cold air attack. At present, although it is beyond human control, it is still possible to reduce or avoid the harm it causes. Preventive measures include:

1. Prepare for snow disaster and freezing damage according to responsibilities.

2. Pedestrians should pay attention to cold prevention and skid prevention, drive carefully, and vehicles should take skid prevention measures.

3. Reinforce temporary structures such as scaffolding that are easily crushed by snow, and reinforce on-site scaffolding to ensure the safety of on-site scaffolding, tower cranes, elevators and other equipment.

4. Close business when necessary to reduce unnecessary outdoor activities; Arrange reasonable personnel on duty.

5. The water source is treated differently according to the temperature.

6. The water in the pipeline must be drained after power failure for more than 4 hours, and the pipeline that can't be drained should be thoroughly purged with a blower to ensure that the pipeline is not blocked by freezing.

7. Power off the site in time after shutdown to prevent leakage and fire. Measures to prevent natural disasters IV. Lightning strikes < P > Lightning can damage or damage objects, buildings, facilities and people, and undermine the normal operation of the power system.

1, tower crane, scaffolding must be well grounded. The parts that need to be considered in the construction site to prevent direct lightning are first of all tall mechanical equipment such as tower cranes and cable machines, and elevated facilities such as steel scaffolding and metal structures of projects under construction. Tower cranes and scaffolding must be well grounded to prevent lightning strikes during construction.

2, construction personnel should master the methods and skills of lightning protection. In order to reduce the occurrence of lightning strikes on the construction site, all construction units and relevant departments should improve the relevant systems, and the person in charge of lightning protection safety should be appointed on the construction site to carry out the daily management of lightning protection safety. The lightning protection device on the construction site should be tested by a qualified lightning protection testing institution to effectively protect the personal safety of construction personnel.

3. Widely carry out safety publicity and education on lightning protection and disaster reduction. Through publicity and training, the lightning protection awareness of site management personnel and construction personnel has been enhanced, and the ability of self-help and mutual rescue has been improved. Construction personnel must be trained in lightning protection knowledge, and the basic rescue and self-rescue knowledge after being struck by lightning should be strengthened to enhance the ability of rescue and self-rescue and reduce casualties.

4. When a thunderstorm comes, outdoor work should be stopped. Send someone to pay close attention to the weather forecast of the local meteorological station to make sure whether there is thunderstorm in the local area. When the thunderstorm weather comes, the construction unit should quickly evacuate the construction personnel in the dangerous zone vulnerable to lightning strike and stop all outdoor operations.

5. Formulate and improve emergency preventive measures and disposal plans. Formulate and improve the preventive measures and emergency response plans of the construction site under the bad weather of lightning. It is necessary to equip or designate emergency lightning protection places with perfect lightning protection devices for on-site construction personnel to ensure their personal safety after evacuation.

6. Try not to make, answer or use the telephone to surf the Internet. Unplug the power supply, telephone lines and TV antennas and other metal wires that may introduce lightning strikes.

7. Don't stay at the water's edge or in low places. Don't stand on the roof, the top of the mountain or near other conductive objects. Go to a dry room to take shelter from the rain quickly. If you can't find a house, go to the nearest mountain or rock to take shelter from the rain.

8. Don't stay in the thunderstorm with metal objects. Keep the metal objects with you at a place 5m away. It is not advisable to take an umbrella in a thunderstorm, nor to carry a badminton racket on your shoulder.

9. In case of thunderstorm, don't stand, but squat down to lower the height, and at the same time, put your feet together to reduce the harm caused by stepping voltage.

1. Don't stand under the big tree, and you can't touch the big tree with your hands, because the wet trunk has become a lightning-inducing device, and it's better to stay 5 meters away from the big tree. Measures to prevent natural disasters v. Flood

(1) Preparation

(1) Mental preparation: Strengthen publicity, enhance the awareness of flood prevention, equipment safety and self-protection of employees, and make mental preparations for flood prevention.

(2) Organize and prepare to establish and improve flood control organization and headquarters, strengthen flood control inspection before flood season, carry out monitoring network and early warning measures for flood control safety responsible persons, flood control teams and key safety areas, and strengthen the construction of professional mobile rescue teams for flood control.

(3) The project is ready to complete the task of repairing the damaged project on time, and the safety flood control scheme should be implemented for the projects and dangerous projects that cross the flood season.

(4) The pre-plan is to revise and improve emergency plans for flood control at all levels, study and formulate emergency plans for preventing over-standard floods, and actively respond to major floods.

(5) The materials shall be prepared according to the principle of graded responsibility, and each project contractor shall reserve the necessary flood control materials and allocate them reasonably in combination with the actual situation. A certain amount of emergency materials should be reserved in the key parts of flood control to meet the urgent need.

(6) Communication preparation: Make full use of the public communication network to ensure that flood control communication is intact and smooth. Improve the network of hydrological and meteorological forecasting stations to ensure the timely transmission of rain, water, work and disaster information and command and dispatch instructions.

(7) The flood control safety inspection shall implement a hierarchical inspection system with the main contents of checking organization, engineering, plan, materials and communication. If weak links are found, it is necessary to clarify responsibilities and make rectification within a time limit.

(8) Daily management of flood control Strengthen the daily management of flood control and implement the work requirements item by item according to the regulations.

(2) Flood early warning

(1) When a flood is about to occur, contact the hydrological station in time to do a good job in flood forecasting, track and analyze the development trend of the flood, keep abreast of the latest water regime, and report the measured situation of water level and flow and flood trend to flood control organizations at all levels in time to provide a basis for early warning.

(2) flood control organizations at all levels should determine the flood warning area, level and flood information release scope according to the principle of graded responsibility, and make all preparations.

(3) Early warning of mountain torrents

(1) Any place that may be threatened by mountain torrents should closely contact the departments of hydrology, meteorology, land and resources, cooperate with each other, realize information sharing, and take the initiative to take preventive and hedging measures according to the causes and characteristics of mountain torrents.

(2) Where there are mountain torrents, the relevant units should prepare the mountain torrents disaster prevention plan, divide and determine the locations and scope prone to mountain torrents in the region, formulate the safety transfer plan, and clarify the establishment and responsibilities of the organization.