Brief introduction of cold food festival

Many people are not familiar with the Cold Food Festival. Let me introduce the Cold Food Festival to you.

About the Cold Food Festival, also known as the Cold Food Festival? No-smoking Festival? 、? Cold section? 、? 150 knots? One hundred and five days after the summer solstice, and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. When the first day of the day is a holiday, smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten. In the development of later generations, customs such as sweeping sacrifices, hiking, swinging, cuju, hooking hands and cockfighting were gradually increased. The Cold Food Festival lasted for more than two thousand years and was once called the largest folk festival. The Cold Food Festival is the only traditional festival named after the dietary customs of the Han nationality. Later, because cold food was close to Qingming, people only visited Tomb-Sweeping Day when cold food was combined with Qingming.

The Cold Food Festival is usually from winter to the day after 105. We're almost in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Before the calendar reform in Tang Ruowang in the early Qing Dynasty, Tomb-Sweeping Day was scheduled for two days after the Cold Food Festival. After the reform of Down's family, the Cold Food Festival was held the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The definition of modern twenty-four solar terms follows the statement of the Tang family, so the Cold Food Festival is the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. After the founding of New China, many regions equated the Cold Food Festival with Tomb-Sweeping Day and celebrated it on the same day.

However, in most parts of Shanxi, the Cold Food Festival was celebrated the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Some places, such as Yushe County, celebrated the Cold Food Festival two days ago in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Yuanqu County also pays attention to Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before and the light cold food the day before.

history

? The child escaped from the world, and the mountain fire burned us.

All the seas have the same cold food, and one person will live forever. ? Is the poem Cold Food Festival written by the Tang Dynasty poet Lu Xiang the origin of the Cold Food Festival? Push Mianshan to burn us? This story. According to legend, this custom originated from the commemoration of meson tui by Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period (the surname meson tui is also called meson tui, which is a function word and zi is a respectful name). At that time, Jie Zitui and Jin Wengong Zhong Er were exiled to other countries and cut thigh meat for Wen Gong to satisfy their hunger. After the restoration of Wen Gong, Zi Tui did not seek wealth, so he retired to Mianshan with his mother. Duke Wen burned the mountain for this reason, but Zi refused to go out of the mountain and died with his mother. Duke Wen buried his body in Mianshan, built a temple, and ordered him to ban fire and cold food on the day of his death to express his grief, which later became a custom. China used to celebrate the Spring Festival at the Cold Food Festival until it was changed to Tomb-Sweeping Day. However, South Korea still retains the tradition of holding Spring Festival activities at the Cold Food Festival.

ancient times

The origin of the Cold Food Festival should be the worship of fire in ancient times. The ancients could not live without fire, but fire often brought great disasters to mankind, so the ancients thought that fire was a kind of god and should be worshipped. The fire worshipped by every family must be put out once a year. Then rekindle a new fire, which is called changing fire. When changing the fire, a grand ancestor worship activity should be held, and the symbol of millet, the god of grain, should be burned, which is called human sacrifice. When this custom was followed, the later No Fire Festival was formed.

the Spring and Autumn Period

After the fire ban, it was transformed into a cold food festival to commemorate the retreat of the famous minister of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that during Jin Wengong's exile, Jietui cut his shares to satisfy his hunger. After Jin Wengong returned to China as a monarch, he forgot to push mesons when he was enfeoffment. Jiezitui didn't want to boast about his achievements and rivalry, so he took his mother to live in seclusion in Mianshan. Later, Jin Wengong personally went to Mianshan to see Jietui, but Jietui didn't want to be an official and hid in the mountains. Jin Wengong's people released Yamakaji with the intention of forcing meson to expose it. As a result, meson pushed his mother and was burned to death under a big tree. In memory of this loyal minister and righteous man, on the day of Jiexiu's death, he did not make a fire to cook, but ate cold food. This day was called the Cold Food Festival.

Wei and Jin dynasties

During the Han Dynasty, Shanxi folks wanted to ban fire for a month to commemorate it. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, ordered the cancellation of this custom. There is such a clause in Yin Punishment Order. I heard that Taiyuan, Shangdang and Yanmen are all cold and cold foods from winter to the next 150 days, and the clouds push for children. ,? People are not allowed to eat cold food. If you break the law, your parents will be punished for half a year, and the main recipient will be punished for one hundred days, and the pension will win? . After the return of the Three Kingdoms to Jin, due to the relationship with the Spring and Autumn Period of Jin? Kim? With the same pronunciation and word, they paid special attention to Jin's anecdote, commemorating the revival of the custom of "forbidding fire and eating cold food" by Jietui. But the time was shortened to three days. At the same time, the idea of commemorating the meson in the Cold Food Festival has been extended to all parts of the country, so the Cold Food Festival has become a national festival, and it has become the same customs and habits of the Han nationality to ban fire and eat cold food during the Cold Food Festival.

Related records

The origin of the Cold Food Festival is Mianshan, Jiexiu, Shanxi, with a history of 2640 years (358 years earlier than the Dragon Boat Festival). According to Ci Yuan and Ci Hai? Cold food festival? Interpretation: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jie Zhitui experienced hardships, assisted Jin Wengong and Zhong Er to restore the country, and lived in seclusion in Mianshan, Jiexiu. Burn the mountain to force it out, and push the mother and son to hide and burn it. In order to mourn him, Jin Wengong ordered that fire and cold food be forbidden on the anniversary of his death (after the winter of November 150), thus forming a cold food festival. The record that the Cold Food Festival originated from burning mesons in Mianshan, Jiexiu was first seen in Huan Tan's New Theory in the Western Han Dynasty. Volume 11? What's left behind ",later in" Were "? County annals? "Taiyuan County" and "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty"? Zhou Juchuan, Cao Cao's Ming Penalty Order, Book of Jin? Schleswig-Holstein's Biography and Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics? Divide water ",Northern Wei Dynasty" Qi Yao Min Shu? Miscellaneous Notes on Returning to the Heart in the Southern Song Dynasty and Guang Ji by Chen in the Yuan Dynasty. Historically, the two festivals, Cold Food and Qingming Festival, are similar, and with the passage of time, they merged into one festival. Don? 82 volumes? Clear record of holidays:? (Kaiyuan) February 2004 1 1 day: cold food, clear, fourth day holiday. February 15th, 13th year of Dali: From now on, there will be a five-day holiday. March 9, the sixth year of Zhenyuan: cold food is clear, and it is appropriate to celebrate the month and day of Zhenyuan, giving three days before and after. ? Therefore, The Grand View of China Traditional Culture contains: Roughly in the Tang Dynasty, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day became one. ? According to legend, it was very early, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. Maybe it's a night of thunder and lightning, or it's suddenly cloudy during the day, but it must be a natural sight. Because Jin Xiangong is dead, at least he is an overlord, and he can't leave quietly. If he doesn't take away a cloud, he will definitely touch the world. Unfortunately, there is no record of the struggle between heaven and earth in history, only the civil strife in the State of Jin, the scholars' struggle for the throne, and the son Zhong Er's expulsion from the State of Jin for refuge. Jietui, the leader of Pioneer Camp, followed Zhong Er's loyalty and went into exile 19 years. In the most difficult situation, Zhong Er was exiled to Weiguo, so he couldn't go hungry. Ministers picked wild vegetables for cooking, but Zhong Er couldn't eat them. Jiexiu, a loyal minister, slipped into the ravine, cut off a piece of meat from his leg and cooked it with wild vegetables for Zhong Er. Zhong Er took it and wolfed it down. Only then did he ask where the broth came from. The minister next to him told him that Zitui had been cut off from his thigh, and Zhong Er was moved to tears.

Jin Wengong returned to China as a monarch, but when he was enfeoffed, he forgot to take a break. Jiexiu did not want to cry roast meat and compete for favor, and lived in seclusion with his mother in Mianshan. Later, Jin Wengong personally went to Mianshan to ask for a break, but Jiexiu didn't want to be an official. Hiding in the mountains, Jin Wengong people released Yamakaji, which was intended to force mesons to show up. As a result, meson pushed his mother and was burned to death under a big willow tree. In memory of this loyal minister and righteous man, Jin Wengong ordered that on the day of Jietui's death, he would not make a fire to cook, but eat cold food, which was the so-called Cold Food Festival. Later, with the rolling of the wheel of history, the Cold Food Festival finally spread to all parts of the country. During the evolution of the 20-year-old festival, cold food quietly blended into Qingming.