Write a 600-word composition on the topic that this is avoidable.

How to avoid stupid knowledge It is a common problem for human beings to have all kinds of stupid knowledge. You don't need superhuman genius to avoid this common problem. The following simple principles can ensure that you won't make any mistakes, but you can avoid some ridiculous mistakes.

If a problem can be solved by observation, please observe it yourself. Aristotle mistakenly thought that women had fewer teeth than men. This kind of mistake, he could have avoided, and the way is very simple. All he has to do is let his wife open her mouth and count for herself. But he didn't do it because he was self-righteous. You think you know, but you don't; This is a fatal mistake that all of us are prone to make. I think hedgehogs are delicious oil bugs because I have heard people say so. But if I really want to write a book about hedgehog habits, I shouldn't jump to conclusions unless I see a hedgehog enjoying this delicious meal with my own eyes. However, Aristotle was not careful enough. Ancient and medieval writers talked about Kirin and salamanders. But none of them felt that in that case, they had never seen any unicorns or salamanders, so they must avoid being arbitrary. Many things are not so easy to be tested by experience. If you are like most people, you have strong views on many such things, there are some ways to help you understand your own prejudices. If you get angry when you hear a different opinion from yourself, it means that you have subconsciously felt that your opinion is not completely valid. If someone insists that two plus two equals five, or that Iceland is at the equator, you will only feel pity instead of anger, unless you are so ignorant of mathematics and geography yourself, so his view shakes your opposite view. The most controversial issues are those on which neither side can provide sufficient evidence. Persecution exists in theology, but not in mathematics, because mathematics is a matter of knowledge, while theology is only a matter of opinion. Therefore, whenever you find yourself angry because of different opinions, you should be careful, because once you look it up, you will probably find that your beliefs have not been fully proved.

A good way to get rid of some arbitrary opinions is to try to understand the opinions held by people who are different from your social circle. I think it is very beneficial to weaken the intensity of narrow prejudice. If you can't travel, try to associate with people with different opinions, or read a newspaper with different political views. If these people and this newspaper are crazy, perverse or even hateful to you, then don't forget that you are the same to others. This view of both sides may be right, but it can't be wrong. If you think so, be careful.

Some people are full of psychological imagination. For these people, a good way is to imagine that they are arguing with someone with different prejudices. This has one (and only) advantage compared with arguing with the enemy on the spot, that is, this method is not limited by time and space. Mahatma Gandhi deeply regretted railways, ships and machines. In his view, the whole industrial revolution is unacceptable. Maybe you will never meet someone with this view, because most people in western countries take the benefits of modern technology for granted. But if you really want to agree that this popular view is correct, then a good way is to imagine Gandhi's possible arguments against the benefits of modern technology, so as to test your arguments about yourself. Sometimes I really just change my original view because of this imaginative dialogue; Even if we don't change our original views, we often become less self-righteous because we realize that our imaginary opponents may be quite reasonable.

Be especially wary of ideas that will fuel your arrogance. Both men and women firmly believe that men and women are particularly superior. There are countless evidences on both sides. If you are a man yourself, you can point out that most poets and scientists are men; If you are a woman, you can retort that most criminals are also men. This problem can't be solved at all, but self-esteem makes most people turn a blind eye to it. No matter which country we belong to in the world, all of us always think that our own nation is superior to all other nations. Since each nation has its own unique strengths and weaknesses, we will adjust our own value standards to prove that the strengths of our nation are indeed important strengths, while its weaknesses are relatively insignificant. On this question, a reasonable person will certainly admit that there is no obvious right answer. Because we can't argue clearly with the wise men other than human beings, it is even more difficult to deal with this person's arrogance as a human being. As far as I know, the only way to deal with this universal problem of human conceit is to always remind myself that in the life history of a small planet in a small corner of the vast universe, human beings are only a short episode, and there may be some creatures in other parts of the universe, and their sense of superiority is no less than ours.