Knowledge of air defense and disaster prevention

Basic knowledge of air defense and disaster prevention

I. Knowledge of laws and regulations

1, the purpose, task, policy and principle of civil air defense and the rights and obligations of citizens.

The purpose of civil air defense is to protect people's lives and property and ensure the smooth progress of socialist modernization.

The task of civil air defense is: the state mobilizes and organizes the masses to take protective measures to prevent and mitigate the harm of air strikes according to the needs of national defense.

The principles of civil air defense are: long-term preparation, key construction and combination of peacetime and wartime.

④ The principle of civil air defense is to implement the principle of coordinated development with economic construction and integration with urban construction.

Article 8 of the Civil Air Defense Law stipulates that all organizations and individuals have the right to be protected by civil air defense and must fulfill their civil air defense obligations according to law.

⑥ Citizens' rights include: air raid evacuation, refuge, medical aid and assistance, necessary articles for daily use, and receiving civil air defense knowledge education and skills training.

7. Citizens' obligations are: to participate in civil air defense construction, pay civil air defense fees, perform civil air defense duties, protect civil air defense facilities, join mass air defense organizations, receive civil air defense education and training, and carry out mutual assistance.

2. Important economic goals

Important economic targets refer to important industrial and mining enterprises, scientific research bases, transportation hubs, communication hubs, bridges, reservoirs, warehouses and power stations. These are directly related to the national economy and people's livelihood and the war potential.

Important economic targets are divided into seven categories, namely news and communication, energy and electricity, transportation hub, military base potential, lifeline project, secondary disaster source and financial management.

According to the position and role of important economic targets in wartime, the ability to support the war, the impact on people's lives, production and life, and the scale and value of production, it is divided into three levels from high to low, namely, level 1, level 2 and level 3.

3. Name of air defense organization

Name of air defense organization: ① professional emergency repair team; (2) medical rescue professional team; (3) fire fighting professional team; (4) Public security professional team; ⑤ Professional team of chemical prevention and epidemic prevention; ⑥ Communication professional team; ⑦ Transportation professional team; Eight high-tech professional teams.

4. Air defense control

Air defense control includes: public security control, traffic control, lighting control, radio control and sound control.

5, crowd evacuation, masking

Population evacuation refers to the action of evacuating the population and properly placing it in a safe area under the threat of war. According to the timing, it can be divided into early evacuation, imminent evacuation and emergency evacuation.

Masking refers to the use of urban or suburban topography, civil air defense projects and underground facilities to implement masking actions.

6, try to sound the air defense alarm and signal

The people's governments at or above the county level shall, according to the needs, organize the trial sounding of air defense alarms. The air defense warning scheme for trial sounding shall be formulated by the competent department of civil air defense in conjunction with the departments of communications, radio and television, public security, etc. , reported to the people's government at the same level for approval and implementation, and announced five days before the trial. In our province, September 18 is designated as the day of trial sounding of air defense alarm, and it is stipulated to organize an air defense alarm trial sounding once a year.

The state stipulates that air defense warning signals can be divided into three types: early warning, air raid warning and lifting warning.

① Early warning: sound for 36 seconds, stop for 24 seconds, repeat for three times as a cycle, and the time is 3 minutes.

② Air raid alarm: sound for 6 seconds, stop for 6 seconds, repeat 15 times as a cycle, and the time is 3 minutes.

(3) Deactivate the alarm: continuously sound for 3 minutes.

7. The significance of building air defense basement in new civil buildings in cities.

Significance: It is an important way to ensure urban residents to take refuge in wartime and reduce casualties. Maintaining the stability of ground buildings in peacetime is extremely important for earthquake relief. At the same time, compared with the underground protective building built separately, it not only saves manpower, material resources and financial resources, but also makes full use of urban underground space and greatly saves urban land.

8, emergency and level

Emergency: refers to natural disasters, accidents, public health incidents and social security incidents that occur suddenly, cause or may cause serious social harm and require emergency measures.

Grades: Natural disasters, accident disasters and public health incidents are divided into four grades: particularly significant, significant, significant and general according to factors such as the degree of social harm and the scope of influence.

9. Emergency management system

The state establishes an emergency management system with unified leadership, comprehensive coordination, hierarchical management, hierarchical responsibility and territorial management.

10, emergency response principle

Emergency response should follow the principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with emergency.

1 1, the purpose of the state to establish a social mobilization mechanism

Enhance the public's awareness of public safety and risk prevention, and improve the ability of the whole society to avoid risks and rescue.

12. What are the main contents of the emergency plan?

(1) Basic information: an overview of important economic objectives, including scale, value, production capacity, annual operating income, wartime status and role, etc. ;

(2) Scenario: Predict the extent of damage to important economic targets caused by enemy air strikes in wartime;

(3) Tasks and Determination: According to the judgment conclusions made on various situations, determine the key parts that need to be guaranteed in this important economic goal, and clarify the key points of emergency rescue and emergency repair, the division of tasks, the steps and methods of carrying out tasks, etc. ;

(4) Protective measures: including evacuation, concealment, camouflage and protective measures against natural disasters and accidents in peacetime;

(5) Emergency rescue operations: including tasks, units performing tasks, number of people, routes and modes of action, as well as the tasks of emergency rescue, rescue, emergency repair and rush transportation;

(6) Organization and command: including the composition of the command organization, the location of the command post, communication and other regulations;

(7) Various guarantees: including communication alarm, professional technology, materials and equipment, security, political work, etc.

13, the unit that should formulate specific emergency plans.

Important economic target units and units that produce, manage, store, transport and use inflammable and explosive substances, dangerous chemicals, radioactive substances and other dangerous goods shall formulate specific emergency plans.

The protection plan of important economic targets should be revised and improved in time according to the changes of actual situation and the problems found in training exercises; Where major issues are involved in adjustment, it shall be reported to the original approval authority for approval.

14, the purpose of emergency knowledge education in schools at all levels.

All kinds of schools at all levels should incorporate emergency knowledge education into the teaching content, educate students about emergency knowledge, and cultivate students' safety awareness and self-help and mutual rescue ability.

15, emergency material reserve guarantee system of people's governments at all levels

(1) The State shall establish and improve the emergency material reserve guarantee system, and improve the supervision, production, reserve, allocation and emergency distribution system of important emergency materials.

The people's governments at or above the municipal level and the people's governments at or above the county level in areas prone to emergencies shall establish a reserve system for emergency relief materials, daily necessities and emergency disposal equipment.

(3) The local people's governments at or above the county level shall sign agreements with relevant enterprises according to the local actual conditions to ensure the production and supply of emergency relief materials, daily necessities and emergency disposal equipment.

16, emergency early warning system

The state establishes and improves the early warning system for emergencies. The warning levels of natural disasters, accident disasters and public health events that can be forewarned are divided into level 1, level 2, level 3 and level 4 according to the urgency, development trend and possible harm degree of emergencies, which are marked with red, orange, yellow and blue respectively, and level 1 is the highest level.

17, urban fire planning content

The contents of urban fire protection planning include: fire safety layout, fire station, fire water supply, fire communication, fire truck passage, fire equipment, etc.

18, personal obligations stipulated in the fire protection law

(a) the obligation to maintain fire safety, protect fire control facilities, prevent fire and report fire;

(2) Adult citizens have the obligation to participate in organized fire fighting.

19, violating the punishment provisions in Item (2) of Article 47 of the Fire Protection Law.

Illegal use of naked light for operations or violation of the ban in places with fire and explosion hazards, smoking or using naked light, shall be given a warning, fined or detained 10.

20, the definition of environment

Environment refers to the sum of all kinds of natural and artificially transformed natural factors that affect human survival and development.

2 1, Emergency Measures after the Extraordinary Earthquake

① Traffic control;