The story of Lu Xun's struggle with the enemy is online. ...

Imperialism, Feudalism and Bureaucratic Capitalism —— China People III

The great enemy once weighed heavily on the semi-feudal and semi-colonial like three mountains.

In the old China people's head, now, these three mountains have produced a party in China.

Under the leadership, it was successfully overthrown by the people of China! Lu Xun, the greatness of China people.

Great soldiers and great writers awakened the people of China to resist and tear down these three mountains.

One of the pioneers, he devoted his whole life to this great and noble cause.

Industry. On his eightieth birthday, we can sweep away the empire forever.

The free and democratic motherland of socialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism is in the whole country.

The people of China are full of energy and enthusiasm, and are building socialism.

Commemoration should be something to be proud of, and it can also comfort Lu Xun underground.

188 1 year, forty years have passed since the Opium War and the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Only fifteen years. During this period, due to the military victory in suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it bowed to the outside world.

The fierce Qing regime in China gained temporary stability and claimed to be

"ZTE". In the following ten years, it was once a ship of western imperialist countries.

The Qing ruling clique, shocked by the profits of artillery, took "establishing westernization" as its continuation.

During the Tang Dynasty, some arsenals and naval schools were held successively to send students to learn sailing.

The army and navigation have opened some telegraph offices, built several short-distance railways and opened them.

Several civilian factories and mines. Thus began the first bureaucratic capitalism in the history of China.

One page. During this decade, imperialist economic aggression and cultural aggression against China also

It is gradually strengthening and expanding. Especially the imperialist cultural aggression, take the church as an example.

The stronghold, with missionaries as the advance team, went deep into the mainland from the Yangtze River.

Newspapers, schools, publishing houses, to enslave the people of China. correct

Due to the growing economic and cultural aggression of imperialism, the Qing dynasty ruled

The regiment did not resist, opened the door to rob thieves, and helped others.

However, "establishing westernization" could not increase the resistance of the Qing dynasty to foreign countries,

Nor can it improve the poverty and backwardness of the people of China; With bureaucratic groups as the main body.

The establishment of "Westernization" facilitated the export of imperialist capital and increased the number of people.

The burden of the people. The strengthening and expansion of imperialism led to economic and cultural aggression.

But it further aroused the anti-imperialist struggle of the broad masses of people in China. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom failed.

Later, the Nian Army and the armed uprising of ethnic minorities in the northwest and southwest were given.

Those who dealt a heavy blow to the Qing Dynasty and opposed imperialism, Qing Dynasty and feudalism.

Year after year, people's movements all over the country-religious plans and peasant uprisings-have also broken out one after another.

Provinces all over the country. In this way, the ruling group of the Qing Dynasty claimed to be "Zhongxing University"

Industry ",suddenly became a dream of spring.

These historical backgrounds can not be ignored by Lu Xun as a child.

The influence of.

Since then, in Lu Xun's youth and youth, major historical events have occurred one after another.

Come: 1894 Sino-Japanese War, 1898 coup, 1900.

The boxer's armed struggle against imperialism. These major historical events have triggered more

Patriots devoted themselves to the national democratic revolutionary movement, and young Lu Xun also participated in it.

The great cause of saving the country. However, Lu Xun at that time had already seen it.

He attached great importance to the cultural revolution and ideological education, so his activities at that time.

Mainly to launch the new culture movement and literary movement; He's in Moro Shili.

Said introduced and advocated the patriotic and anti-feudal romanticism of the great European poets.

And introduced Europe in the19th century in the collection of foreign novels.

Critical realism literature. Needless to say, Lu Xun was like a contemporary at that time.

Like many pioneers of the national democratic revolutionary movement, they pinned their hopes on saving China.

The so-called democratic political system entrusted to the European bourgeoisie. However, Xin

The political evolution of China after the Revolution of 1911, in other words, the Revolution of 1911 was not completed.

The historical task of anti-imperialism and feudalism made Lu Xun realize that "this road" is not feasible because

He was very depressed.

The sound of the great October Revolution brought Marxism–Leninism to China.

Many pioneers of our national and democratic revolution have since seen salvation.

Lu Xun is one of the avenues in China. However, from revolutionary democracy

The road to Marxism cannot be achieved overnight, and

Must pass the test of hard fighting. 19 19 years later, ten years later, Lu Xun's

Revolutionary activities and literary activities are obvious proof. Study Lu Xun in this period.

The development of ideology will have a profound ideological education effect on us. But,

Due to the limitation of time, it is impossible for this report to talk about Lu Xun's obedience to revolutionary democracy.

The ideological development process from justice to Marxism, from evolution to class theory

(Incidentally, this year 10 coincides with the 25th anniversary of Lu Xun's death, five years.

Before, in commemoration of the 20th anniversary of Lu Xun's death, I once made a speech entitled.

I am interested in the report "Lu Xun-From Revolutionary Democracy to * * * Productivism" today.

Lu Xun's view on the development of thought is still the same as then, so he feels that he has not been bombed again.

The necessity of food. Here, I just want to talk about our current literature.

Three problems of practical significance to artists' creative activities and self-cultivation.

Title. This is: 1. How can Lu Xun's works serve the whole revolutionary cause? Second, Lu

The national form and personal style of Xun's works. Third, Lu Xun's "erudition" and "specialization".

Lu Xun's literary activities began at the beginning of this century (about 1903 years ago

After), but the formation of his revolutionary patriotism thought was earlier; his

This poem entitled Portrait (written in 190 1 year) expresses the dedication to the motherland.

The determination. However, as a writer, thinker and revolutionary, Lu Xun, his

However, both revolutionary activities and literary activities came from the May 4th New Culture Movement in 19 19.

The power period officially began. On the eve of the May 4th Movement, he wrote a famous short story.

Diary of a Madman (19 18) is the first Swallow in China's revolutionary literature.

It is also the first flower of Lu Xun's revolutionary literature. Later, he prefaced himself in Scream.

(1922) said: "From then on, this will be an issue that cannot be closed." Of course.

This is no accident. In the preface of Selected Works (1932),

Once wrote:

"I started writing novels in 19 18, which was advocated by New Youth.

During the "literary revolution". This movement has certainly become literature now.

History has passed, but at that time, it was undoubtedly a revolutionary movement. "

Lu Xun made no secret of the political inclination of his works and made contributions to politics at that time.

The purpose of service, in this "preface", he wrote again:

"The pace of my work in New Youth is roughly the same as everyone else.

So I think these can really be counted as' revolutionary literature' at that time.

............

These can also be said to be' obedient literature'. But I obey.

The orders of the revolutionary pioneers at that time were also orders that I was willing to obey.

It's not the emperor's decree, nor the Jin Yuan and the real command knife. "

The "obedience to literature" mentioned by Lu Xun here is the literature that obeys the revolutionary orders.

That is, literature that reflects the people's struggle and the spirit of the times. Literature is a revolutionary struggle.

One of the weapons, Lu Xun is best at using this weapon flexibly in many aspects.

Political service of revolution. At the same time as Diary of a Madman, Lu Xun began to write essays.

Writing. He creatively developed this literary weapon. Published at the time of the "new"

Youth ",until the eve when he stopped breathing, he was lucky from all angles.

The use of various themes, or cynicism, or cheering, or clever metaphor, has profound implications.

Exposed the feudal Uber and the foreign evils that appeared in various forms at that time.

Less (comprador consciousness). These essays, with vivid pen and ink,

Expressed the penetrating and chewy ideological content and gave it to the reactionary thoughts at that time.

I want to use the big drum to give a fatal blow to the vast number of young people who were pursuing truth at that time.

Dance and inspiration.

1925, Lu Xun once solemnly and enthusiastically announced:

"Our top priority now is: first, to survive; Second, we should eat and wear warm clothes; The third is.

Development. If the former painter has any obstacles, whether ancient or modern, whether people or ghosts, it is.

"Three Graves" and "Five Classics", Hundred Songs and Thousand Yuan, Heaven and River Map, Golden Jade Buddha, Ancestral Pill Powder,

Dan, the mysterious ointment crushed him. "("suddenly thought of ")

Resolutely opposing everything that hinders our progress and development is Lu Xun's.

Revolutionary spirit is a central link, and it is also a main thread running through Lu Xun's literary activities.

Red line.

Lu Xun's life and his literary activities were closely related to the national democratic revolution at that time.

The movement of life, the class struggle at that time, was closely linked; All his works are against it.

It reflects the magnificent revolutionary movement in China from 19 19 to 1936. however

At the same time, it also reflects that the cultural and ideological front was an important wing of the revolutionary movement at that time.

A long, arduous and tortuous world struggle, from confrontation to circuitous surprise attack.

The sharpness of the struggle often varies from place to place. Lu Xun is the best dialectics.

See the problem. He once pointedly pointed out:

"If a revolutionary writer doesn't want to use his literature to help the revolution deepen and expand,

But he used the revolution to promote his "literature". When the revolution was in full swing, he

It's a lion's pest, ... "(Postscript of pseudo-free book)

He opposed "art for art's sake" and pointed out that it was only the art of landlords and bourgeoisie.

Another name for "leisure" literature; But he also opposed "unskilled slogans"

The slogan of "revolutionary literature" in the form of "."is not attractive.

It is a simple and vulgar understanding and practice that literature and art serve politics.

The purpose of literature and art serving politics cannot be achieved internationally. He once emphasized that:

"I think the fundamental problem is that the author is a' revolutionary'. If so,

No matter what events are written and what materials are used, they are all "revolutionary articles."

"learning" All that comes out of the spring is water, and all that comes out of the blood vessels is blood. award

Only by making a revolution with five words and eight rhymes can we fool the blind examiner. "(revolutionary literature)

Lu Xun attached great importance to the characteristics of literature and art and regarded literature and art as a means of rule.

The characteristics of governance service, strictly distinguish between literature and art and other revolutionary propaganda tools.

Let's go In Literature and Revolution (1928), he wrote:

"I thought all literature and art were propaganda, but all propaganda was not literature.

Art, it's like all flowers are colored (I count white as color), but all colors are not necessarily.

They are all flowers. Revolution is based on slogans, slogans, notices, telegrams and education.

Books ... Besides, we want to use writers and artists because they are literature and art. "

The relationship between Lu Xun's literature and politics and how literature and art serve politics.

His views, today, also have a profound enlightening effect on us.

Works provide a model of how literature and art can serve revolutionary politics. His topic

The range of materials is very wide, and his expression techniques are varied. The number of his novels

The number is small, but it shows all kinds of people from all walks of life at that time.

Described the mental outlook of these characters, and the profound thoughts are the same as the characters he created.

Vivid images are closely combined. His prose world is broader and older.

At home and abroad, the universe is vast and the flies are tiny, which is both inclusive and direct.

Or indirectly, they all served the revolution and accumulated for the expansion and deepening of the Cultural Revolution.

Resources provide rich nutrition for the young revolutionary generation.

Lu Xun once talked about some foreign classics when talking about his own creation.

The influence of home on him; This influence can be seen in his early short stories.

The Diary of a Madman is not only more profound, but also elegant and imposing.

However, it originated from the mainland and is not the same as transplantation. He said that when he started writing, "what he relied on.

They are all about 100 foreign works I have seen before. "This is not only a modest statement, but also the same statement.

Time also tells us frankly: it is not necessary to absorb the strengths of others to enrich your own flesh and blood.

But it is possible and necessary. In inheriting and carrying forward the fine traditions of the nation, Lu

Xun repeatedly emphasized that his works were evidence of his practice. Lu Xun is at

Inheriting and developing the old traditions is full of our eyes, not limited to our country.

Classical literature also involves other sister arts, such as how do I make a short article?

"(1933) speech, he said:

"In China's old play, there is no background. This kind of decal is only sold to children on New Year's Day.

There are mainly a few people (but there are many backgrounds in the flower paper now), and I am convinced that for

My purpose, this method is appropriate. "

His famous "fetishism" vividly illustrates his great concern for ancient and modern China and foreign countries.

The attitude of outstanding literary and artistic heritage. He said:

"We need to use our brains, put our eyes out and get them ourselves!

............

Without it, you can't be a newcomer. Without it, literature and art will not be taken.

It can become a new kind of literature and art "("takenism ").

He opposes conservatism and complacency. He advocates innovation by analysis and criticism.

Creatively inherit all outstanding literary and artistic traditions at all times and in all countries, aiming at

For innovation. He said:

"These measures are not the disorder of antique fragments, but must be dissolved in new works.

Needless to say, it is like eating cattle and sheep, skimming the hoof hair and retaining the essence.

In essence, in order to nourish and develop new life, it will never be' like' cattle and sheep. "

(On the Adoption of Old Forms)

Because he attached importance to "takenism", he devoted most of his energy to translators and translators.

Introduce foreign progressive literature and art. In addition, in the Kuomintang reactionary rule of white

The translation and dissemination of revolutionary literary theory under terror and the socialist reality of the Soviet Union

The work of socialist literature is of great political significance. He used to put this kind of work

For example, the Prometheus brothers in Greek mythology stole fire from the sky and gave it to the world.

Smuggling arms to the slaves of the uprising. The work of sorting out China's ancient cultural heritage also

Almost consistent with his creative activities. Lu Xun's anthology to be published this year

The three-volume edition of Recording Ancient Books Series is one of them. (he collected ancient times.

Artistic heritages, such as stone statues, will be systematically compiled and published in the future. )

The formation of the unique style of Lu Xun's works by "takenism" is undoubtedly

Played an important role. That is, Lu Xun's literary language in the way of controlling pen and ink

Ci is closely related to China's classical literature (including classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese).

However, it is a brand-new literary language. Among these new factors (e.g.

Syntax and composition), vaguely visible external influence, but it is indeed a flag school in China.

It is indeed a national form-of course, this has been done in the history of our national form.

A new page. Whether it is his novels, essays, inscriptions or even letters, it is clear at a glance.

Look, this is his personal style. This style is understandable, but difficult.

In writing, if I want to make a general explanation, I intend to use this sentence: wash.

Refined, sharp and humorous.

However, the unified and unique style is only one aspect of Lu Xun's works. In another

On the other hand, the artistic conception of Lu Xun's works is varied. For example: gold

The diary of a madman, which just glared, is slightly different from the Dragon Boat Festival in tears.

Laughing "in the restaurant" is also different from blaming "blessing". Borrow the storm

The fragments of rural daily life in the great era point out the extreme problem of educating farmers.

What is important is that behind the humorous pen and ink, the author's profound thoughts, worries and warm expectations are jumping.

The trickling notes are like an abyss, quiet, lonely and boring on the surface.

But through this surface, dragons and snakes change and become visible; This is through a pair of young people

Men and women summed up their dissatisfaction with the status quo at that time, waiting for a big step, and did not find a way out, but

The mental state of the broad masses of intellectual youth with contradictory ideas.

New Stories is based on historical stories and ancient legends (this is Chinese.

The old tradition of learning), open up a new world and create new expressions. These eight short articles

Each has its own characteristics of using historical facts to satirize the present, but there are still * * * commonalities, namely:

Choosing historical facts, obeying the theme and adding new branches and leaves are by no means aimless. Ben (male name)

In the "Moon" article, a crow was added to the sky, which was originally ironic; The subtle changes of picking the roses.

Corruption is magic (deer milk, Qi Shu's intention to kill deer, and women's contempt can all be seen.

In Historical Records, Textual Research on Ancient History, Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and other books, A Jin Jie's name is Lu Xun.

Give and receive), an old saying is enough, there is no need to fantasize. As for the art field,

Eight are also different; For example, mending the sky is fantastic, running to the moon is vigorous, and casting swords is sad.

Strong, and "picking the EU" is very humorous.

Generally speaking, Lu Xun used another artistic expression in his essays.

Method. This method of expression obeys the political task of the essay and achieves the content.

Unity with form. Lu Xun called the essay "dagger" or "throwing a gun" and threw it away.

Can kill the enemy. He accomplished the scheduled task brilliantly! however

"Dagger" or "javelin", if its function is concerned, can certainly summarize Lu Xun's.

Most of the essays; However, the artistic techniques of Lu Xun's essays are still changing from yellow to green.

It is colorful. His more than 600 essays and1100,000 words cover all but

Daggers, spears, and deaf and excited Muduo are carefree and thought-provoking.

The bell rang in the silent night, and there were many strings and sharp flutes singing heartily. We say that Lu Xun's essays are

A form of literature and art that quickly reflects reality and is very combative. This so-called belligerence,

Of course, it refers to the struggle against the enemy, but also to the wrong tendencies in one's own camp

Struggle, uncompromising principled advice to lose friends, and

The vacillation of intermediate molecules. In the struggle against the enemy, Lu Xun used

Dagger and javelin, but internally, to friends and to middle elements, Lu Xun sometimes uses them.

Wake up the wood, sometimes with a ruler, and sometimes sound the alarm; Therefore, in Lu Xun's essays

Words, one-sided, simplistic and unrealistic.

Lu Xun's life experience is extremely extensive and rich, which is reflected in his works.

(including prose) can be seen. Naturally, due to the limitation of objective conditions, he doesn't

May be as close to the workers as we are today, and live with them, but

Yes, it doesn't mean that he doesn't understand the working class, it doesn't mean that he's.

Thoughts and feelings have nothing in common with the working class; No, that's not the case. place

However, the reason lies in Lu Xun's concern for the working people in China at that time (farmers, hands

Industrial workers, etc. ) Very familiar with life, thoughts and emotions, especially

What is important is that Lu Xun has made great contributions to the development of his thoughts.

Knowing the future of mankind (including the people of China) depends on the working class and its predecessors.

The former team-* * * producer, and as he said in 190 1 year "Portrait of Self-Title".

"I commend Xuanyuan with blood", 1927 years later he stopped breathing.

A moment ago, he firmly realized that fighting for capitalism is also for the ancestors.

China's liberation struggle, he always struggled for the victory of the working class in China.

And in the 1930s, Lu Xun took a road that was not only semi-colonial.

China is of typical significance to intellectuals in other colonies and semi-colonies.

Speaking of it, it also has typical significance; In the 1960s, it still existed.

Typical significance: truly seek the liberation of the people of the motherland.

The intellectuals in the colonies will certainly follow Lu Xun's path.

In addition to rich life experience, Lu Xun's knowledge is also extremely profound, which

This is reflected in his academic works and essays. I'm in front

As mentioned above, the word "picking EU" in New Stories has no source; From such a person

A novel can provide a glimpse of Lu Xun's exposition. All his articles show that.

He is interested in history (Chinese and foreign), science (especially biology), ancient times and modern times.

Extensive knowledge and deep understanding of Chinese and foreign literature and art. because of that

Broad and profound foundation, so Lu Xun's essays are of high ideological and artistic quality.

The degree can be said to be unprecedented. "Bo" and "Speciality" in Lu Xun's Works

Dialectical unity is also a model for us to learn.

Comrades and friends! It has been 80 years since Lu Xun was born. He left me.

The children are about to celebrate their 25th anniversary. To commemorate his eightieth birthday, we

The literary and artistic work produced by * * * in our country has received the cordial care and wise leadership of the Party and Chairman Mao.

Under the guidance, great achievements have been made.