Zhu ziqing information

Zhu Ziqing (1898.1.22 ~1948.8.12) was born in Guangxu period. His original name is Zhu Zihua, and his name is Qiushi. Born in Lianyungang, Jiangsu, a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu, and a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. 1920 graduated from Peking University and later came to Tsinghua to teach. Modern famous essayist, poet, scholar and democratic fighter.

Because three generations all settled in Yangzhou, graduated from Jiangsu No.8 Middle School in Yangzhou at that time and worked as teachers in Yangzhou, they called themselves "Yangzhou people".

Zhu Ziqing's grandfather, Zhu Zeyu, whose real name was Yu, changed his surname because he inherited the Zhujiajian family. Being cautious, he served as a judge in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty 10 for more than 0 years.

My father's name is Hong Jun, and his word is Xiaopo. He married Zhou and is a scholar. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), Hongjun Zhu went from the East China Sea to Shaobo Town, belonging to Yangzhou Prefecture. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou. Zhu Ziqing 19 12 entered senior high school, 19 16 was admitted to Peking University Preparatory School, and 19 19 published his first poetry collection "Sleep, Little People" in February. 1920 graduated from philosophy department of Peking University.

193 1 year, he studied in Britain and roamed Europe. After returning to China, I wrote "European Miscellanies". And took part in the campaign to refuse to accept American relief food. He is already suffering from lung disease, and his body is even weaker. He finally died of poverty at the age of 50. Zhu Ziqing's works can be divided into three types: 1, writing about social life and attacking the dark reality. 2. Mainly describe personal and family life, showing the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife, and friends. 3. A group of lyric works based on natural scenery.

Here he is, Zhu Ziqing and Chen Zhuyin. He lived 13 years and spent his childhood and adolescence here. His feelings about life in this ancient city are subtle and complicated. Perhaps life is too monotonous, so he later said that childhood memories are just "thin shadows" and "like being washed away by the flood, loneliness is shocking!" However, in the long and tortuous journey of life, childhood is the first "post station" after all.

Zhu Ziqing has 27 kinds of works, about 1.9 million words, including poetry, prose, literary criticism, academic research and so on. Most of the income is four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six complete works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River under the Shadows of Paddles and Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s documentary essay "Come Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time. Famous poetry collections include Trace, and prose collections include Back, You and Me.

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Famous scholars' evaluation of Pei county

Mao Zedong commented that he "demonstrated the heroism of our nation".

During the Kuomintang rule in Beijing, prices soared, and professors at Peking University could not live any longer. The Kuomintang distributed relief food to people from the US military. And a group of professors represented by Mr. Zhu would rather starve to death than receive relief food. At that time, Zhu Ziqing was already bloated and weak because of hunger, but lying in bed, he said to his family, "Don't go." So Mr. Zhu passed away.

June, 37 17

After the statement is written, I want to collect signatures, and as usual, I decide how many people each is responsible for contacting. Most of the old professors are my messengers. I took the manuscript to find Mr. Zhu Ziqing. At that time, his stomach trouble was very serious, and he could only eat very little. When he ate too much, he vomited, his face became thin and his voice became low. He has many children, and life is more difficult than anyone else. But as soon as he read the manuscript, he signed it without hesitation. He has always performed well in writing. This time, he signed his name meticulously with trembling hands. It should also be noted that after he returned to Tsinghua campus from Kunming on 1946, his attitude changed obviously and he was no longer silent. He opposed the civil war and hated the Kuomintang. * * * The producers' views have also begun to change. He once recited poems in the liberated areas at public meetings, and sometimes dressed up and danced yangko with the students, making him sweat. I always look for him in the struggle against some American declarations, telegrams and statements against the Kuomintang. As soon as he saw me, he understood why. "Did you sign it?" Write your name after reading the manuscript. As far as I can remember, nine times out of ten he signed it. Sometimes they don't sign because the words are a little angry. This time, I also found some other professors who are familiar with or live nearby. Most of them signed their names, but they also hit a nail. There was a professor who had only three children, but his answer was simple: "No! I want to live! " Zhu Ziqing's stomach trouble is hunger, and his family has a large population and needs support. Someone calculated an account in the later period of Kunming. The salary of people like us is only about ten yuan, which is equivalent to the silver dollar before the war. Zhu Ziqing cares about politics, but he doesn't express his opinions much. It can be said that he is gentle and has no temper. During the Anti-Japanese War, the news was blocked by the Kuomintang. People in the home front don't know the fact that the Kuomintang passively confronted Japanese imperialism, but actively rubbed against the * * * production party, which set off several anti-* * climaxes. He thinks that as long as you resist, you should live a hard life and complain less. Although he sympathized with many political activities in Kunming, he seldom participated. The Kuomintang reactionaries assassinated Wen Yiduo, who was very indignant. Returning to Peiping after demobilization, I saw that American imperialism helped the Kuomintang fight the civil war, and my attitude changed. He stood up before American imperialism and its lackeys, the Kuomintang reactionaries, and with a few exceptions, he joined us. There are several things worth mentioning. First, he worked hard to compile the Complete Works of Wen Yiduo. I pointed out in the postscript of the Complete Works:

Mr. Pei Xian is an old friend and colleague for more than ten years. For this book, he spent a year collecting legacy, editing and revising it. The catalogue has been drawn up ... in short, it is impossible to edit this collection without Mr. Pei Xian's efforts.

The publication of Wen Yiduo's complete works at that time was a protest and condemnation of the Kuomintang reactionaries. On the contrary, compared with some people, these people used to be a classmate or an old classmate and a friend for twenty or thirty years, but after the death of a flower, they never cared about it or wrote a commemorative text. The other is his love for young students. For example, once two students in his department fought, one was from the NLD and the other was from the Kuomintang. The reason for the fight was of course political, and both of them complained to the teacher. Mr. Qing Zi was afraid that his classmate Min Qing would suffer, and secretly advised him to make some concessions. After I learned that, I wrote a letter asking him to consider who is right and who is wrong in politics. Maybe the wording is a little sharp. The next day, he came to my house and explained his intention seriously. In the Spring and Autumn Period, he blamed the sage. He said something about progressive students in order to protect him from the youth league's revenge. At the same time, he also agrees that my opinion is correct. Afterwards, I told this situation to Min Qing's classmate, who was also very moved. Although his voice against the Kuomintang spy rule is not loud, it can be seen from one thing I personally contacted. At this time, in order to save the dying fate of colleges and universities, the Kuomintang reactionaries strengthened their spy control over colleges and universities. In order to protest, I wrote an academic paper "The School in the Early Ming Dynasty", explaining that in the early Ming Dynasty, I scolded the Kuomintang reactionaries and sent it to the school publication "Journal of Tsinghua" for publication. Some editors of the magazine are nationals of party member. Of course, they refused to publish it, thinking that it was not an academic article. I talked with Mr. Zi Qing, who is also an editorial member of the magazine. He wrote to the editor-in-chief, urged publication, and finally published this article. We can see the change of his thoughts and feelings from this incident.

Being tortured by stomach trouble for a long time, he was too weak, but he also knew that it was almost dawn, the dark clouds were about to pass, and the good days were coming. He was very happy and wrote two poems under the glass plate on the table: "But when you see the sun, although it is brilliant, why are you disappointed at dusk?" Based on Li Shangyin's poem "to see the sun, for all his glory, Buried by the Coming Night" in Tang Dynasty. These two poems very aptly expressed his feelings at that time.

On July 23rd, a symposium on "Intellectuals' Tasks Today" was held in Tsinghua University I-shaped Hall, which was his last political activity. I personally invited him home and accompanied him from the North Yard to the I-shaped hall. He walked for a while, stopped for a while, and said to me intermittently, "You are right, and the road is right. However, people like me are not used to it. If you want to educate us, you have to take your time. This will keep up with you. "He also made a speech at the meeting, and the main paragraphs are the same. He said: "Intellectuals have two ways: one is to help idle people climb up. There are such people in feudal society and capitalist society. One fell. Intellectuals can go up and down, so they are a class, not a class. It is not easy for many intellectuals to give up their vested interests. Now we live a public life.

I can't live. It's not that reason is unwilling to accept it. Reason knows it should be accepted, but habit cannot be changed. "

Mr. Zhu Ziqing knows rationally that he should abandon his vested interests and live a public life. He has taken another step, which is a big step forward. He refused to buy American-aided flour, and it was recorded in his diary on the day after he signed it:1June 8, which cost 6 million French francs every month and had a great impact on his family, but I signed it anyway. Since it is anti-American and helps Japan, let's start directly from ourselves. This shows his determination.

Not only that, the day before his death, he told his wife, "One thing to remember is that I signed a document refusing American aid to flour!" " "Mr Qing Zi is a typical figure among intellectuals in the old society. He used to be a liberal, and he didn't like to take part in political activities, especially those fierce and aggressive activities. However, he has a sense of justice. With the strengthening of the enslavement and oppression of the people of China by the Kuomintang and American imperialism, he could not stand the armed provocation, slaughter and repression of the people of China. He demonstrated his attitude through cultural life, poetry recitation and yangko dancing.

On the other hand, he resolutely refused to take the middle route and the third road. At that time, he was asked to participate in the Kuomintang-run middle-line publication "New Road", but he resolutely refused. However, although he was ill, he attended our seminar.

He knows right from wrong, and love and hate are distinct. In his later years, he finally showed his position. He held his head high and stood up, preferring to starve to death and resolutely refusing the enemy's "relief." This kind of ethics is worth learning today. "We China people have backbone. Many people who used to be liberals or democratic individualists stood up in front of the US imperialists and their running dogs, the Kuomintang reactionaries. " (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 4, page 1499) Comrade Mao Zedong praised the backbone of Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing, saying that "Wen Yiduo should be praised, and Zhu Ziqing should also be praised". This is the responsibility of our deceased, especially the comrades-in-arms of Mr. Wen Yiduo and Mr. Zhu Ziqing. The future of this ode to our national heroism remains to be seen. This article can only be regarded as some memories caused by rereading Farewell to Si Tuleideng.

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Introduction of works

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. Representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Government Massacre. Second, a group of essays, represented by figures, children and bereaved women, mainly describe personal and family life, showing the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, with strong human feelings. Thirdly, his lyrical essays on natural scenery, such as Green, Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and Spring, are his representative works, accompanying generations of people's joys and sorrows. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.

The sincerity of Zhu Ziqing's prose feelings is even more famous [1]. His Back and Mourning for the Past are called "world-class literature". In the faint pen and ink, there is a deep feeling, without any affectation, but with moving power. Especially in the back, Zhu Ziqing's deep affection for his father Hongjun Zhu made readers feel a little nostalgic and moved. In his essays such as On Realism and Picturesque, On Slogans and Slogans, The Preface of Zhong Ming's Nausea and Bitterness, he emphasized "truthfulness" and "sincere attitude". It is this "sincere attitude" that makes him pour out his true feelings between the lines. And this kind of emotion revealed from the deep heart is more likely to cause readers to sing. Zhu Ziqing embarked on the road of literature and was first famous for his poems. Published a long poem "Destruction" and some short poems, which were included in Snow Dynasty and Traces. Since the mid-1920s, he has devoted himself to the creation of prose, including the collection of essays "The Back", "European Miscellanies", "You and Me", "London Miscellanies" and the collection of essays "Standards and Standards" and "Appreciation of Elegance and Vulgarity". His prose includes landscape writing, travel notes, lyric poetry and prose. First of all, he wrote beautiful scenery with meticulous and beautiful "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", showing the achievements of vernacular literature; Following the sentimental works such as The Back, Children and Mourning for the Daughter, he set up a model of "conversational" prose with strong literariness and naturalness. Finally, the mixed feelings of poets, scholars and fighters are unified with subtle language and interesting reasons. He contributed to the construction of the concise, lyrical and natural style of modern prose.

As a scholar, he has made great achievements in poetry theory, classical literature, new literature history and Chinese education. He is the author of Essays on New Poems, Arguments on Poems' Expression and Intention, Frequently Talking about Classics, Chinese Teaching (co-authored with Ye Shengtao) and Outline of China New Literature Research Lectures, etc. His works are included in the Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing.

"Hurry" was selected by People's Education Publishing House as the second lesson of the sixth grade next semester, "Spring" was selected by People's Education Publishing House as the ninth lesson of the first semester, and was selected by Su Education Publishing House as the 14 lesson of the second semester, and "Back" was selected as the1kloc-0/lesson of the second semester.

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collect

Snow Dynasty (Poetry Collection) 1922 Publishing Business

Later (prose collection) was published in 1928.

Trace (Poetry Collection) 1929 was published in Yadong Library.

Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel (Prose Collection) was published in 1934.

You and I (essays) published in 1936, Business.

London Miscellanies (Prose Collection) published in 1943, Enlightened.

Teaching Chinese (essay) published in 1945, Enlightened.

Classic talk (essay) published in 1946, Wenguang.

"Poetics" (Poetics) was published in 1947, which is enlightening.

Miscellaneous Notes on New Poetry (Poetics) was published in 1947, and published by the Writers Bookstore.

Standards and scales (essay) published in 1948, Wenguang.

Collection of Chinese (Prose) was published in 1948, Mingshan Bookstore.

"Suit both refined and popular tastes (essay)" was published in 1948, Observatory.

The collected works of Zhu Ziqing (volume 1-4) were published in 1953, enlightened.

Zhu Ziqing's Collection of Classical Literature (Volume I) was published in 198 1, an ancient book.

The book review Zhu Ziqing's Preface and Postscript Collection (Prose Collection) was published in 1983 in triplicate.

Selected Prose of Zhu Ziqing was published in 1986.

Complete works of Zhu Ziqing 1990, Jiangsu Education.

19 many books

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Prose collection:

1 "in a hurry"

2 "Song"

3 "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights"

4 "Traces of Wenzhou"

5 "back"

6 "Ship Civilization"

7 "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond"

8 "The Woman I Love"

9 “& lt； Postscript of plum blossom

10 "White people-God's favorite"

1 1 "Huai Wei holds Jun Qing"

12 "One River"

13 children

14 "Mourning Wei Jiesan"

15 travel notes

16 Gone with the Wind

17 "Talking about Dreams"

18 "Bai Cai"

19 "a letter"

20 "Preface"

2 1 "Spring"

22 "Green"

23 Miscellanies at Sea

24 "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond"

List articles:

I'm very upset these days. Sitting in the yard enjoying the cool tonight, I suddenly remembered the lotus pond I walked through every day. It should look different under the light of this full moon. The moon rises gradually, and the children's laughter on the road outside the wall can no longer be heard; My wife is patting and skipping in the room, humming a sleeping song in a daze. I slipped on a big shirt and ran out the door.

Along the lotus pond, there is a winding little cinder road. This is a secluded road; Few people walk during the day, and it is lonely at night. There are many trees around the lotus pond, which is very sad. On one side of the road, there are some willows and some trees with unknown names. On a moonless night, the road is gloomy and a little scary. It's fine tonight, although the moonlight is still very weak.

I was the only one on the road, walking behind my back. This world seems to be mine; I also like to go beyond my usual self and go to another world. I love excitement and peace; Like to live in groups, like to be alone. Just like tonight, under this boundless moon, a person thinks about everything and thinks nothing, and feels like a free person. What must be done and said during the day can be ignored now. This is the beauty of being alone, and I will enjoy the boundless moonlight with lotus fragrance.

On the winding lotus pond, I look forward to the leaves of Tian Tian. The leaves are high out of the water, like an elegant dancer's skirt. Among the layers of leaves, some white flowers are scattered, some bloom gracefully, and some bloom shyly; Like a pearl, like a star in the blue sky, like a beauty who just took a bath. The breeze blew, sending wisps of fragrance, like a faint song on a tall building in the distance. At this time, the leaves and flowers also trembled slightly, like lightning, passing through the lotus pond in an instant. The leaves are close side by side, so there are clear wave marks. Below the leaves is the running water of the pulse (mi), which is covered and can't see some colors; Leaves are more exposed to the wind.

Moonlight, like running water, falls quietly on this leaf and flower. A thin layer of blue mist floats in the lotus pond. Leaves and flowers seem to have been washed in milk; Like a dream in a sarong. Although it is a full moon, there are faint clouds in the sky, so it can't shine; But I think this is just a benefit-deep sleep is indispensable, and nap is unique. Moonlight shines through the trees, and the bushes at the height cast uneven and mottled shadows, which are as steep as ghosts; The sparse shadows of curved willows seem to be painted on lotus leaves. The moonlight in the pond is uneven; Light and shadow have a harmonious melody, such as a famous song played by Van Gogh Ling.

Around the lotus pond, there are trees far and near, and willows are the most. These trees surround a lotus pond; Only on one side of the path, there are some gaps, which seem to be reserved for moonlight. An example of the color of trees is cloudy, which at first glance looks like a cloud of smoke; But the abundance of willows can be recognized in the smoke. There are distant mountains on the treetops, just a little careless. There are still one or two lamps leaking through the cracks in the tree. What is listless is the eyes of those who are sleepy. At this time, the most lively are cicadas in the tree and frogs in the water; But the excitement is theirs. I have nothing.

I suddenly remembered the matter of picking lotus. Lotus picking is an ancient custom in the south of the Yangtze River. It seems to have a long history, but it flourished in the Six Dynasties. You can get a rough idea from this poem. Lotus pickers are teenage girls, swinging boats and singing bright songs. Needless to say, there are many lotus pickers. It was a lively season and a romantic season. Emperor Liang Yuan put it well in "Lotus Picking Fu":

Therefore, the demon Yuan (yuán) is female, and she is willing to row; The snipe (y √) makes the first Xu Hui and passes the feather cup; Zhào can move, but algae can hang, and the ship can move and sail. Erqi slim waist bundle element, Yan Gubu; After the spring in long summer, the young leaves blossom early, and they are afraid to touch the petticoats when laughing, but afraid to tilt the boat when picking (jū).

It can be seen that there were wandering scenes at that time. This is really interesting, but unfortunately we are not happy now.

Later, I remembered, the sentence in "Xizhou Song":

Lotus is picked in autumn in Nantang, and the lotus is over the head; With his head down, he fiddled with the lotus seeds in the water, which were as green as the lake.

If there are lotus pickers tonight, the lotus here will be considered "over the top"; There are only some shadows of running water. This makes me really miss Jiangnan. -think like this, suddenly look up and feel that it is already your own door; Gently pushed the door in, there was no sound, and my wife had slept for a long time.

1July, 927, Beijing Tsinghua Campus.