What is the principle of compound planting of soybean and corn belt? How should farmers sow? How to harvest?

As an important oil crop, the self-sufficiency rate of soybean in China is relatively low.

In recent years, increasing soybean planting area has become an important measure to ensure food security.

However, according to the growth law of corn and soybean, soybean can't be planted in the plot where corn is planted, and corn can't be planted in the plot where soybean is planted, so there is a problem of "competing for land".

Judging from the income of planting corn and soybeans, the income of planting corn is higher than that of soybeans, so most farmers will choose to plant corn instead of soybeans.

In order to solve this problem, the mode of soybean-corn strip compound planting came out (which was also emphasized in the No.1 document in 2023), which not only solved the land competition problem between corn and soybean, but also realized that corn production was not reduced (or reduced) under scientific management, and at the same time, one more season of soybean was harvested, and the planting income of farmers' friends increased.

As far as the assistant knows, Hebei, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other places have carried out experiments for many years. According to media reports, the yield per mu of soybean can reach100-150kg without reducing the corn yield.

Among them, in 2020, there will be a cooperative banded compound planting mode, with corn yield1320kg and soybean186kg, with an average increase of more than 300 yuan per mu.

202 1, corn yield 1 180 kg, soybean 228 kg, which is about 400 yuan higher than that of ordinary net corn.

In this article, the assistant will tell you about the related content of soybean and corn belt compound planting. How to plant it? How to manage? How to collect it?

At the beginning of the experiment, soybean-corn-soybean belt compound planting faced difficulties such as sowing, plant protection and harvesting. With the continuous development, the difficulties of seeder have been gradually overcome, but the difficulties of plant protection and harvest still exist. However, in some areas, the mechanized technology of plant protection and harvesting has basically passed the test.

How to sow the compound planting of soybean and corn cob?

According to different varieties, soil conditions, weather factors, etc. There are many modes of soybean-corn strip compound planting, such as 4: 2 mode, 3: 2 mode, 4: 3 mode, 4: 4 mode and so on.

For example, in the 4: 3 mode, planting 4 rows of soybean belts and planting 3 rows of corn belts are combined, and the distance between soybean belts and corn belts is about 65cm.

Among them, soybean row spacing is about 40cm, plant spacing is about 10cm (about 7500 grains per mu), corn row spacing is about 50cm, and plant spacing is about 12cm (about 4400 grains per mu).

If it is a small-scale experimental planting, or there are few local planting methods and there is no mechanization, it needs artificial sowing, which has obvious shortcomings and is time-consuming and laborious.

But there is no professional seeder in the local area, so this is the only way.

However, in the case of adopting this planting mode in a large area, mechanized sowing has matured and there are two ways.

First, corn and soybeans are sown separately. After adjusting row spacing and plant spacing, sow soybean (or corn) first, then adjust row spacing and plant spacing, and sow corn (or soybean).

Secondly, the integrated precision sowing of soybean and corn can adopt the way that soybean is centered on both sides of corn or corn lives on both sides of soybean, which requires higher sowing machinery and has been popularized in some areas.

Image source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

How to manage the compound planting of soybean and corn belt?

1, fertilization problem

Soybean nodules have nitrogen fixation. Corn base fertilizer is mainly high nitrogen compound fertilizer (or slow release fertilizer), and soybean is mainly low nitrogen compound fertilizer (or slow release fertilizer).

When topdressing, the total amount of topdressing is less than that of single corn. In soybean belt, urea should be reduced or even not used. It is not recommended to spread urea all over the field.

2. Weeding problem

Because of the different resistance of soybean and corn to herbicides, it is impossible to weed uniformly, so it is necessary to weed separately to avoid herbicide damage.

When sowing corn and soybean, close herbicides (metolachlor, acetochlor, etc. ) It can be sprayed everywhere.

After entering the seedling stage, nicosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione and atrazine are the main herbicides in maize, and quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazone, diflubenzuron-p-ethyl and fluoroglycofen are the main herbicides in soybean, so spraying them together may cause phytotoxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to spray herbicides alone, wear a spray hood and keep the nozzle down to avoid drifting.

In some areas, there have been spraying machines, double water tanks and double spraying systems suitable for soybean and corn compound planting, which can spray herbicides (or other pesticides) on corn and soybean at the same time.

3. The problem of controlling prosperity

The vigorous growth of soybean or corn will increase the risk of lodging. In addition, the vigorous growth of corn will block the sun and hinder the photosynthesis of soybean, thus affecting the growth of soybean.

However, the best time to control the vigorous growth of soybean is the early flowering period, and the best time to control the vigorous growth of corn is the big bell mouth period (both may not appear at the same time). Therefore, they need to be sprayed separately, not all over the field at the same time. The existing pesticides are mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride and ethephon.

4, pest control

According to the specific diseases and insect pests in the field, different control measures are formulated.

In terms of pests, if corn and soybean pests belong to the same family, they can be sprayed together. If the pests are different, they need to be sprayed separately. Such as soybean moth, corn borer and corn armyworm, can be sprayed together, and insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole, beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate can be used for control.

The same is true of diseases. If it can be controlled together, it can be sprayed all over the field, but it cannot be sprayed together and needs to be sprayed separately.

For example, soybean gray leaf spot and corn northern leaf spot can be controlled together, and thiophanate-methyl, trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole can be used.

How to harvest soybean and corn with compound planting?

According to the maturity time of soybean and corn, the harvesting method is determined.

First, if soybeans ripen first, they should be harvested first, and then corn.

Second, if the corn ripens first, harvest the corn first, and then harvest the soybeans.

Third, if both mature at the same time, they can also be harvested at the same time.

When harvesting soybeans first, you can use a narrow crawler soybean harvester, and then use a conventional harvester to harvest corn. At the initial harvest of corn, it can be harvested with a high gap cross-belt corn harvester, and after the subsequent soybeans mature, it can also be harvested directly or with other soybean harvesters.

Soybean and corn are harvested at the same time, that is, soybean harvester and corn harvester are harvested in tandem, which requires relatively strict operators.

The above is related to the compound planting of soybean and corn belt. The new planting mode is a process of gradual exploration, experiment and popularization (including agricultural mechanization). Although there is a long way to go, both food security and farmers' income will reach a higher level after widespread popularization.

Ask everyone, what do you think of the compound planting of soybean and corn belt?