What cultural relics are there in our country that are at the national level?

1. Pottery basin with human face and fish pattern

This pottery basin is red in color, with intermittent black ribbons painted on the rim, and two sets of symmetrical human-faced and fish patterns painted in black on the inner wall. The human face is round, with bun-like spikes and fin-shaped decorations on the top of the head. The right half of the forehead is painted black, and the left half is black and semi-curved. The eyes are thin and straight, as if they are closed. The bridge of the nose is straight, forming an inverted "T" shape.

There is a deformed fish pattern on the left and right sides of the mouth. The fish head coincides with the outline of the human mouth. It seems that there are two large fish in the mouth at the same time. In addition, there are also two small fish facing each other on the left and right sides of the human face and ears, forming a unique mermaid combination. Between the two human faces, there are two big fish chasing each other. The entire picture is free in composition, extremely dynamic, and the patterns are concise and full of fantasy colors.

2. The Big Menu Tripod

The Big Menu Tripod was unearthed in Li Village, Xi County, Shaanxi Province in the early years of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty. It was successively owned by the local squire Guo, the county magistrate Zhou Guangsheng and Zuo Zongtang, It was owned by Pan Zuyin and others. In 1951, Ms. Pan Dayu, a descendant of the Pan family, donated it to the Shanghai Museum. In 1959, it was collected in the Chinese History Museum (now the National Museum of China).

The other tripod is also made of Yu. It is slightly smaller in shape and is commonly called "small Yu tripod". The inscription on the vessel refers to the war between the Western Zhou Dynasty and Guifang. There are no traces of the process, and only the inscription rubbings are preserved in the description.

3. Sanxing Tara Jade Dragon

The Jade Dragon is carved from dark green Xiuyan jade. It has a smooth body, a long snout on its head, flying mane, and a body curled like a hook. . With vivid shapes and exquisite carvings, it has the reputation of "the first dragon in China".

Dragon-like remains have been found in many Neolithic sites, either as clam sculptures, paintings, or sculptures. Regarding the prototype of the dragon, researchers have put forward various hypotheses, such as snakes, crocodiles, lizards, fish, salamanders, horses, cows, pigs, deer, bears, tigers, silkworms, grubs, pine trees, clouds, lightning, etc.

The word "dragon" in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty and the jade dragon unearthed from Fuhao's tomb both show that the dragon is a giant, horned, big-mouthed, and curved mythical beast. The cultural relics of the Neolithic Age that best fit these characteristics should be the curled-up jade dragon from the Hongshan Culture. There are also similar images of jade dragons in Lingjiatan, Hanshan, Anhui, and Xiaojia Rooftop, Tianmen, Hubei. They may be the original form of dragons.

4. Colored pottery jar with stork and stone ax pattern

The colored pottery jar with stork and stone ax pattern is red in appearance and is in the shape of a straight-walled, flat-bottomed cylinder. There is a painting on the outer wall of the pottery jar. On the left side of the picture is a standing white stork, with a pure white body, round eyes, a long beak, and a head held high. The stork holds a large fish in its beak. It is also painted in white, and the outline of the fish body is clearly outlined with black lines.

A stone ax stands on the right side of the screen. The ax body is perforated and the handle is wrapped with braid and engraved with symbols. The white stork's eyes are large and piercing. The stork's body is slightly tilted back and its head and neck are raised high. The eyes of the fish are very small, the body is stiff, the fins are drooped, and there is no sign of struggle or resistance, which is in sharp contrast with the attitude of the white stork.

5. Houmuwu Ding

The "Houmuwu" bronze square tripod body and four legs are cast as a whole, and the tripod ears are molded and cast after the tripod body is cast. become. To cast this tripod, more than 1,000 kilograms of metal raw materials are required. To make such a large-scale artifact, there are a series of complex technical problems in the process of shaping the clay mold, turning the pottery mold, and pouring it into the mold.

The casting of the "Hou Mu Wu" bronze tripod fully demonstrates that the bronze casting in the late Shang Dynasty was not only large-scale, but also well-organized and meticulous in division of labor, which is enough to represent the highly developed bronze culture of the Shang Dynasty.

In addition, quantitative analysis by spectral qualitative analysis and precipitation method of chemical analysis showed that the "Houmuwu" bronze tripod contained 84.77% copper, 11.64% tin, and 2.79% lead, which is consistent with the "Kaogong Ji" written during the Warring States Period. The copper-tin ratio of the tripod recorded in "Zhu Shi" is basically consistent, which shows the inherent inheritance of ancient Chinese bronze civilization

Baidu Encyclopedia - National Museum of China