Selected Chinese and foreign anti-epidemic poems

Selection of poems about Chinese and foreign anti-epidemic materials

At present, the global epidemic of COVID-19 has entered a new stage, and the international anxiety situation has surpassed that of China. At the beginning of the outbreak, the international community extended a helping hand to our country, and now it is our turn to reciprocate. When China donated materials to other countries, it also absorbed the experience of its Japanese friends in appending poems to the materials, and allowed some poems with Chinese cultural characteristics to fly around the world. This can also be said to be reviving the original and long-standing poems in Chinese history. ?Poetic diplomacy?Tradition. Many of the poems contain the history of exchanges between China and related countries, and also imply that the deep friendship between them will last forever. The neighborly relationship between China and South Korea, where the liver and gallbladder are in harmony with each other

On the aid resources donated to South Korea, China has posted the famous Korean poet Xu Jun's poem "The liver and gallbladder are in harmony with each other, and the curling stone reflects the cold moon", the poem itself. It also reflects the long-standing cultural ties between China and the Korean Peninsula, contains a historical story of the exchanges between the peoples of China and South Korea, and expresses the feelings of mutual help between close neighbors who are still in the same boat today.

Xu Jun (1569-1618), whose courtesy name was Duanfu, also had the nicknames Jiaoshan, Xingsou, Heshan, Baiyue Jushi, etc. People often compare him to Li Zhi. However, as far as his family background is concerned, his father, son and brothers are all top scholars, which is almost comparable to the "three Sus" represented by Su Shi in the Song Dynasty. And on one point, it may even be something that Su Shi envied but couldn't get. We have always circulated the legend of the talented Su Xiaomei playing Qin Guan three times, but this is more likely to be just a literary interpretation, and Xu Meishi (Xu Jingfan, courtesy name Xuelan) He is a real figure in history. The name of the poem was once heard in China and caused a sensation in the government and the public. It caused the gentry in the capital to rush to read his poem "Youxian". It also attracted many ladies from aristocratic families to copy it, and even Liu Rushi became jealous.

Xu Jun passed the liberal arts examination in the 27th year of King Seonjo of Joseon (1594), and became the counselor on the left. He has written quite a lot, including "Xing Shuo Fu Manuscript", "Xian Qing Lu", "Guochao Poems", as well as the novel "Hong Ji Tong Biography" and so on. "The Legend of Hong Gildong" is the first proverbial novel in Korean history. It was remade into a TV series a few years ago and became very popular. As a famous North Korean scribe, Xu Jun visited the Ming Dynasty many times and also served as a diplomatic official in North Korea receiving Ming Dynasty envoys. Among them, the one that is most talked about by the people of China and South Korea is his interaction with Wu Mingji, a scribe of the Ming Dynasty. Attached to the donated materials from China is the farewell poem Xu Jun gave to the latter, "Send Brother Wu Ziyu to Join the Army and Return to Heaven." ”, the full text is:

There is no difference between China and foreign countries, and there is no difference between foreigners and Xia.

We are all brothers when we land, so why divide Chu and Yue.

Every time the liver and gallbladder reflect each other, the curling stone reflects the cold moon.

Relying on the jade, I feel that I am dirty, and I spit on the pearls and return to you.

Fang had been climbing the dragon for a long time, and suddenly he achieved the final goal.

The road to Guanhe is dangerous, and the autumn suburbs are very hot.

Go here and rest carefully, and don’t let anyone stop you from going back in the same direction.

The Eastern Frontier still uses troops, and Haiqiao bleeds every day.

He wanted Feng Lu Lianzi, but Qin was speechless.

Don’t think Jiuyi is ugly and indulge in the festival of strong men.

The Wu Ziyu in the title of the poem is Wu Mingji, a native of Kuaiji, Zhejiang. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, he served as Xu Guanlan's staff and accompanied the Ming army to the court to help the latter put down the "Renchen Japanese Rebellion". After Wu Mingji arrived in North Korea, in addition to assisting in military affairs, he also saw the prosperity of local literature and the extraordinary poetry. He was afraid that it would be lost in the war. At the same time, he lamented: In the past, the officials of the Zhou Dynasty collected poems, but the three Koreas did not agree with them; Mo Zhihu?, so he encouraged himself by compiling the "Book of Songs" by Confucius, and began to collect and compile the "Selected Poems of Korea". "Selected Korean Poems" is the first collection of Korean poems compiled by the Chinese and has a profound influence on the development of Chinese and Korean literature. Xu Jun was the biggest helper in this matter, and was invited to write the preface to the book.

Xu Yun and Wu Mingji fell in love at first sight, and they almost regretted seeing each other so late. In their poems, Xu Yun called Wu Mingji a liberal scholar and praised his character and talent, while Wu Mingji admired his talent as the number one scholar.

At first, when Wu Mingji first arrived in North Korea, he lived in Xu Guanlan's military tent or post house, which made it inconvenient to receive guests. The two often missed each other for a day, as if they had been separated for three autumns. Xu Jun's "Mr. Cambodian Wu Ziyu" expresses this sentiment vividly. The poem says: "The desolate door of the wild pavilion is half open, and the shadow of the waning moon lingers in the curtain." Dewworms tend to weave in the autumn forest. Will old friends come tonight? This poem is very similar to the Song Dynasty poet Zhao Shixiu. During the yellow plum season, every house rains, and frogs are everywhere in the grassy ponds. It has the connotation of not showing up until midnight, playing chess pieces and letting the lights fall. The waiting, expectation, and anxiety are so much that they almost overflow the page. The same is true for Wu Mingji, who reported to Xu Guanlan four times in a row and asked to move out. In the end, Xu Guanlan finally agreed after his stubborn efforts. After Wu Mingji got what he wanted, he lived directly at Xu Yun's house.

In this way, in the days when war and literature were flying together, Xu Jun and Wu Mingji forged a deep friendship. Therefore, when the Renchen Rebellion subsided and Wu Mingji was about to return to his country, Xu Jun wrote this famous poem as a farewell farewell to him. The poem says that under the sky, the mountains and rivers are in foreign lands, and there are differences between Chinese and foreign countries, but there is no distinction between Chinese and Yidi. Because China and South Korea share the same language, live in the cultural circle of Chinese characters, and share the same cultural inheritance, there is no difference between them, let alone any barriers. After that, several Chinese historical allusions were used in succession, "Every time the liver and gallbladder are in contact, the curling pot reflects the cold moon" is a sentence copied from Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty's "Historical Records: Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin" "Put one's heart on one's body, and lose the liver and gallbladder" and Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty's "Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Tower" 》?Luoyang relatives and friends are like asking each other, a heart of ice is in a jade pot? and other famous sentences, and use this to show the deep brotherhood. After that, I changed my writing and lamented that time flies by and the day of farewell comes unexpectedly, but there is always a banquet in the world. I can only wish Ziyu a safe journey. At the end of the poem, it is expressed that the situation in North Korea has not yet completely turned around. He hopes that Ziyu will express his love to the emperor of the Ming Dynasty and continue to help, and that he will continue to work hard. The picture of Sino-Indian friendship of "Nilian flows eastward"

The aid materials donated by China to India are written by Master Xuanzang's poem "Nilian flows eastward, and the trees in the west will last for thousands of years". Xuanzang is a world-famous eminent monk, Buddhist scholar, philosopher, traveler, and translator. He is the embodiment of Sino-Indian friendship and a world cultural celebrity. His poems are vivid witnesses of the history of Sino-Indian friendship.

Regarding Xuanzang’s life story, the most famous one is that he went to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures. After returning to China, with the support of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, he presided over the translation of Buddhist scriptures. Although Xuanzang translated many classics, he did not create many literary works, and those that have been handed down are even rarer. Fortunately, in the last century, we found some materials in Dunhuang documents. Dunhuang document No. S373 contains five poems signed by "Tang Tripitaka". Although this signature has triggered an academic public case, people are still willing to believe that this "Tang Tripitaka" is Master Xuanzang. Among the five poems, two are about domestic travels, and three are about experiences while traveling in India. "Seven Words on the Nilian River" is one of them. The full text is:

The water of the Nilian River is flowing eastwards.

Once bathed in gold, the human body becomes soft.

From now on, who will reach the other shore?

Looking to the west, the Buddhist trees have lasted for thousands of years.

This poem should have been written by Xuanzang when he first arrived at the Nilian River. The Nilian River, now known as the Palgu River, is a tributary of the Ganges. According to legend, Sakyamuni once bathed in this river, and then achieved enlightenment and became a Buddha under the Bodhi tree in the west not far from it. The Bodhi Ashram is located in Gaya City, Bihar, India today and is one of the four holy places of Buddhism in the world.

It took Xuanzang more than ten years from the Tang Dynasty to India. It took a long time, first of all, because this was also his spiritual journey. The whole process was "walking and learning all the way." "The Biography of Master Tripitaka of Daci'en Temple" records that whenever Xuanzang visited a country, he would visit eminent monks in famous temples there to learn relevant classics and theories. It often happened that he stayed for a year and a half. In addition, the long journey, difficulties and obstacles are also objective reasons. Xuanzang wrote the book "Journey to the West of the Tang Dynasty" about his journey to learn scriptures. The later "Journey to the West" is a novel about gods and demons based on his story of learning scriptures. Although the journey to seek Buddhist scriptures was not as difficult as what the latter wrote about, the difficulties and obstacles were indeed beyond imagination.

After going through many difficulties and dangers, Xuanzang finally arrived at the holy place in his heart. Naturally, he was filled with emotions and wrote this poem.

The poem says that the water of the Nilian River flows to the east, and the deceased has been bathing the "golden man" like this all day and night. The "Golden Man" refers to Sakyamuni Buddha. The introduction of Buddhism to China has the allusion of the "Golden Man" dreaming and the white horse camel sutra. When describing the Kingdom of Tianzhu in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of the Western Regions", it was mentioned that Emperor Ming dreamed of a golden man who grew up and had a bright head, so he asked his officials. Or say: There is a god in the west, named Buddha. His shape is six feet long and golden in color. The emperor then sent an envoy to Tianzhu to inquire about Buddhism and Taoism. That is to say, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty once dreamed of the "Golden Man", who was tall and solemn. He asked his officials who the god was. Some ministers told him that it was the "Buddha" of the West. So Emperor Ming sent Cai Min and other eighteen people to India to seek Dharma. After going through all kinds of difficulties, Cai Min and his party obtained the scriptures and returned to Luoyang on white horses. Therefore, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty established Baima Temple as the original official Taoist temple and translation center.

Xuan Zang said that the water of the Nilian River bathed Sakyamuni, making his body and mind cleansed of the worldly world, and finally he boarded the "other shore". The "other shore" here is a pun, which not only refers to Sakyamuni's landing in the real Nilian River after bathing, but also refers to the "world" of Buddhism where he escaped from the sea of ??suffering in the world and landed on the "Pure Land". At the same time, the poem also asks, after Sakyamuni opened his wisdom, will anyone achieve his realm? The Bodhi tree in the west has been swaying for thousands of spring and autumn years, but it is never lonely, and there will always be people coming from far away. People stop here and meditate.

Coincidentally, according to the "Biography of Ci'en", when Xuanzang first arrived under the Bodhi tree, it happened to be the monk "Jie Xia", so thousands of people gathered from far and near. In Buddhist tradition, monks and nuns should stay in monasteries for three months starting from the 15th day of the fourth lunar month, which is called "Summer Summer". The day of successful completion is called "Jie Xia". At that time, the summer ends and the autumn breeze brings coolness. The monks will gather in the Dharma Hall to share their "experiences" during the closed practice period. In the Nilian River area, the Bodhi Ashram will undoubtedly be the place where the largest number of monks gather. So Xuanzang also stayed here for eight or nine days, praying to everyone one by one, and debating with everyone, which shocked everyone. On the tenth day, Nalanda Temple sent four eminent monks to greet him. Xuanzang went with them and reached the destination of his westward journey. After that, Xuanzang continued to travel, practice, and give lectures in India for more than ten years, and became famous in the five states. After returning to China, he rejected the huge secular temptation given by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and devoted himself to translating scriptures, which promoted in-depth cultural exchanges between China and India and made great contributions to the development of Chinese culture. "The Sea of ??Clouds Sweeps the Sun" - A Picture of the Sino-European Intersection

Attached to the aid materials China gave to Italy was a poem written by Li Rihua in the Ming Dynasty that was given to the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci "The sea of ??clouds sweeps the sun, and the spring scenery reaches the end of the world". This can be said to be a beautiful picture in the history of cultural exchanges between China and Europe, with the atmosphere of daily life in the Ming Dynasty and a romantic color that spans time and space.

Li Rihua (1565-1635), courtesy name Junshi, nicknamed Jiuyi, Zhulan, etc., was born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, and became a Jinshi in the 22nd year of Wanli (1592). At first, he served as the promotion official of Jiujiang, Jiangxi and the magistrate of Ruichang County. Later, he was slandered and transferred to Ruzhou Prefecture, Henan Province, and later to the magistrate of Xihua County. During this period, his mother passed away and Ding You stayed at home, where he took care of his father for more than ten years. When he became an official again, he served as the director of etiquette in the Ministry of Rites in Nanjing. He resigned midway and returned home to support his father. After his father passed away and the mourning period ended, he served as Shang Bao Sicheng of the Ministry of Rites. Later, he reported Chen Gexin's political affairs to the court and was promoted to Shaoqing of Taipu Temple. Finally, after completing a period of errands, he resigned and returned home again, no longer serving as an official. He is the author of "Tian Zhitang Collection" and so on. Judging from his life experience, he is indifferent and has no dispute with things. At the same time, he was very proficient in calligraphy, painting, and literature, and had a collection of tens of thousands of books. "History of the Ming Dynasty: Wenyuan Biography" records that he, Dong Qichang, Wang Weijian, etc. were three in a row, and he was called a natural gentleman in the world.

Li Rihua should have met Matteo Ricci when he was serving in Jiangxi in the 25th year of Wanli (1597). Matteo Ricci showed him many "foreign objects" that he had never seen before, and the two also had a "drama talk", which was a mountain of talk about Western customs, politics, religion, astronomy, and Matteo Ricci. experience in China and future plans.

Li Rihua was moved by his deeds and spirit, so he wrote this poem "To Matteo Ricci, a Taoist from the Great Western Kingdom". The full text is:

The sea of ??clouds floats toward the sun, and the wind blows through the purple clouds.

Sixty thousand miles from the west, and a solitary chasm from the east.

The floating world is like a piece of paper, and it is quiet everywhere.

It’s worth dreaming about returning home, and the spring scenery is as far as the end of the world.

Li Rihua recorded his interaction with Matteo Ricci and the background of writing this poem in his book "Zitaoxuan Miscellaneous", which can be said to be an excellent footnote to this. During the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty in Shuyun Dynasty, Matteo Ricci came to China on a sailing voyage with ten people. The group passed through more than a thousand countries and traveled more than 60,000 miles. It took six years to arrive in Vietnam and then transferred to Guangdong. After arriving in Lingnan, other companions fell ill and died one after another because they could not adapt to the local hot and humid climate. Only Matteo Ricci was spared and lived there for more than 20 years. He was fluent in Chinese language and writing, and he probably spoke Cantonese. Li Rihua said: "Matthew has a purple beard and blue eyes, and a complexion like a peach blossom. He is worshiped as a courtesy when he sees others. People also love him and believe him to be a good person."

Matteo Ricci displayed "foreign objects" such as glass screens, oval hourglasses, and Bible classics. Li Rihua was very interested in the exquisite hourglass and the book, and recorded their characteristics in detail. The former is shaped like a goose egg, but contains sand. If it is turned back and forth, it can leak sand repeatedly, and its function can be used to calculate time. Western classic books are inlaid with gold and precious stones, and the paper looks like the skin of a beautiful woman. If you look closely, it is made of special bark from the country.

In addition, through talking about Dashan, Li Rihua learned that Daxi Kingdom is 60,000 miles away in the west of China. Its place name is Ohai. There are many rhinos, elephants, tigers and leopards in the area, and people make a living by hunting. But there are also planting industries such as rice, wheat, vegetables and Ru. ?Writing is self-contained. There is no Confucianism, Taoism or Buddhism. The saints in the country all follow the teachings of God. God is considered to be the first Lord of all human beings, so he built a temple and a shrine for it. In terms of politics, there are three masters in the country: one is teaching, the other is accounting, and the other is listening and judging. Everyone is afraid of those who hear judgment, but education and accounting are the most respected ones. This means that the central organization is based on three pillars, but it is headed by the pope, who is the judge, and there are also priests at all levels responsible for specific education, as well as conscripts. tax collector. At the same time, he pointed out that although the power of the Pope is exclusive, it is not hereditary and must be elected by everyone and be held by a person of high moral character. Therefore, when people are in power, they are generally older and tired of dealing with various chores, and people do not envy this. These are slightly different from the European politics in real history, and more like the structure of the Papal State. It is estimated that Matteo Ricci deceived Li Rihua and used the Holy See as the central institution of Europe to construct a political picture that could be compared with the Chinese emperor's court system.

Of course, what interests Li Rihua most is the Daxi Kingdom’s views on astronomy. It says that the principles of heaven and earth and all things are different from those in China. It says that the sky has thirty-two layers and the earth is suspended on all sides, and everyone can live in it. ; The sun is greater than the earth, and the earth is greater than the moon. There is a barrier at the highest point of the earth. The five stars vary in height, with fire at the top, water at the bottom, metal, wood, and earth in the middle, so there is a delay in traveling through the sky. The relevant views were obviously different from the mainstream astronomy in China at the time. However, after hearing this, Li Rihua did not make a frightened move or denounce the absurdity. Instead, he pointed out that his words were based on the theory and were quite admissible, which showed that It reflects the open spirit and knowledge structure of Chinese scholars at that time.

Li Rihua called Matteo Ricci "the enlightened man of the distant barbarians", saying that he was already over fifty years old at the time, but his face looked like that of his twenties and thirties. This was probably due to the different physical characteristics of Westerners and Chinese, and It’s because of his good health regimen. Moreover, Matteo Ricci wandered from the distant Western Kingdom to China and no longer planned to return. He really regarded heaven and earth as steps and life and death as dreams. Compared with the quicksands of Bodhidharma, it was even more strange. Therefore, I felt emotional about it and wrote a poem as a gift to him.

The poem describes how the Great Western Kingdom and China are separated by vast oceans. Matteo Ricci faced the vast sea and vast mist without fear, and resolutely headed towards the east where the rising sun is, riding on the wind. Along the way for more than 60,000 miles, he was alone in a boat, with only Zixia as his companion, but he was interested in it and never tired of seeing each other. After arriving in China, the mountains and rivers are in a foreign land, and the climate is different. However, life is originally meant to be temporary in the world (Taoist thought is used here). As long as you live leisurely and peacefully, it is your hometown.

Therefore, he never dreamed of returning, but blended into the spring scenery of this foreign land to live his own life, cultivate his own way, and teach his own teachings.

Judging from Li Rihua’s descriptions and poems, he and Matteo Ricci hit it off. He himself did not think that Ricci’s remarks were some miraculous trick or fantasy, but Use reason to understand and analyze them. At the same time, Matteo Ricci's monastic life can be understood and communicated in the spirit of Taoism and Confucianism, and they can even fall in love with each other. This actually represents the spirit of the scholars in the late Ming Dynasty and their understanding and acceptance of the world outside China. It is completely different from the complacency and shallow understanding of the scholars in the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, judging from Matteo Ricci's difficult journey to China, it can be said that he started the prelude to the spread of Western learning to the east and promoted the exchanges of civilizations between China and Europe. The Ming Dynasty "Kun Yu Ten Thousand Kingdoms Complete Map" he collaborated with Li Zhizao is still the leader of the country. Treasures also have important significance in the history of world civilization exchanges.

A poem, a piece of history, a piece of love. The poems and essays sent by China to South Korea, India, and Italy are actually a microcosm of the history of China's international cultural exchanges. They respectively represent the influence of Chinese civilization on East Asia, the exchanges between China and India, two ancient civilizations, and the long history of cultural exchanges between China and Europe. These three can also represent the intersection of three historical periods and three forms of civilization. As for the present, these poems also reflect that the current fight against the epidemic is no longer a matter for one country or one country, but a major human event in the context of globalization. ?The destiny of mankind is one and the same. It has its origin.