A brief analysis of the internal and external culture of Japanese language

A brief analysis of the internal and external culture of the Japanese language

Japan’s national culture is formed by absorbing the different cultures of other nations. How to analyze the internal and external culture of the Japanese language?

Our lives are inseparable from language. Language is an extremely important tool for us to communicate with others in real life. Regarding language learning, many people believe that as long as they master the necessary vocabulary and related grammar of the foreign language they are learning, they will be able to use the language freely. In fact, this idea is ridiculous. Many foreign language learners have mastered the vocabulary and syntax of the foreign language, but due to cultural factors, it is difficult to communicate with the masters of the foreign language, so it is impossible for them to say the right thing. I have mastered all languages ??in a real sense, and the same is true for Japanese. Therefore, as a foreign language learner, in addition to mastering the use of the language, you must also have a certain understanding of the culture of the language you are learning.

1. The definition of "internal and external culture" in Japanese

Japanese culture is usually divided into "decent culture", "group culture", "modest culture" and ?Different inside and outside? Culture and other forms. The internal and external culture has the widest impact on the Japanese and other cultures in Japan. It has a profound impact on the Japanese way of thinking and the Japanese psychological state, and thus on their words, deeds, and behaviors. Japanese people will have internal and external awareness, which is reflected in all aspects of their real life. From the perspective of interpersonal relationships, internal and external culture is the most important way for Japanese people to deal with relationships with others. In other words, the internal and external culture here mainly refers to the self-centered out-group and in-group of the Japanese. Only from the perspective of the Japanese's "internal and external consciousness" and culture can we truly understand the thoughts expressed by the Japanese. The "internal and external culture" we are talking about here can, at some levels, be understood as the inside and outside of space, the inside and outside of information transmission and expression, and can also be elevated to the inside and outside of people's psychology and feelings. In the Japanese view, both inside and outside are defined by self-centeredness. Under normal circumstances, Japanese people will automatically classify people who are close to them in life and everyone in the group to which they belong, and will classify those who are unfamiliar to them and do not belong to their group. People within are positioned outside. For example, in Japanese stations, there are often yellow line slogans like this [い线の奥の方などを书いてください] (Please wait for the vehicle inside the yellow line.). According to our normal translation thinking, we are very It can easily be translated as asking us to stand inside the yellow line of the station and wait for the train. This is a dangerous behavior for us, so it is very dangerous to wait for the train on May Day like this. In fact, what the inner side refers to in Japanese is not the same as what we consciously think of as the inner side. The Japanese believe that the inner side should be centered on the platform. In actual expression, it means that we should not stand on the outside of the yellow line and cannot exceed the range divided by the yellow line.

2. Analyze the internal and external culture of Japanese language from different levels

2.1 The language form of Japanese

Japan’s national culture is to absorb the differences of other nationalities It is formed by the aggregation of cultures, so its national culture is also very different from other ethnic groups. Similarly, because the Japanese language is closely related to its culture, Japanese is also different from other languages. It has a huge shining point, that is, its language is divided into two types: simplified and respectful. For Simplified Chinese, Japanese people usually use it for other members of the family and their friends, and also for the type of interpersonal relationships between people above and below them. Simplified Chinese is commonly used in written language, mainly in newspapers, diaries, essays and other literary styles. Regarding honorifics, Japanese people often use them with people they are unfamiliar with.

It is also used to deal with interpersonal relationships between superiors and subordinates, and may also appear in letters that require special politeness. Japanese family education generally allows children to start with exposure to simplified Chinese. When family members come into contact with other outsiders, the elders in the family will naturally vividly demonstrate this difference between internal and external and the language styles they use. Give it to children, and in the process educate them so that they can gradually understand, on the basis of learning simplified Chinese, that when speaking to others, they should also use honorifics to express themselves, so as to express themselves Distance and courtesy from the other person. In this way, this shift in register can be closely linked to the distinction between inside and outside. As children grow up, their contact with society will increase, and accordingly the scope of the family-centered inner group will continue to expand. To give a simple example, the child's kindergarten, his primary school, and the various societies and social clubs he participates in will all become part of his inner group. Under normal circumstances, as long as the Japanese use the respectful body to express politeness and keep the distance between themselves and the other party, we can judge that they regard the other party as a "wai". In the same way, when a Japanese person shows intimacy to you, uses simplified Chinese when speaking, and is not very polite and polite in conversation, we can conclude that the other person is positioned as "nei".

　2.2 Japanese language syntax

When the relationship between the characters in the dialogue is a give-and-take relationship, we will use three give-and-take verbs to express the give-and-take relationship, that is? くれる, くださる? ,?ゃる,ぁげる?and?もらぅ、ぃただく?. Among them, the consciousness of "くれる, くださる" and "ゃる, ぁげる" all have the meaning of "." In Japanese, its character "give" is different from languages ??in other regions. The character "give" is divided into two. The biggest reason for this distinction is that it is influenced by its internal and external culture. It is this basis for division that also makes The emergence of the Japanese ideology of distinction between inside and outside. To conduct a concrete analysis of the "give" of the Japanese culture, let's be specific, the kind of "give" for items obtained from outsiders, in Japanese, くれる, くださる" is often used, so just take one The sentence "My brother gave me a movie ticket", this form of translation into Japanese will be translated as ゎたしに影视の奇富をくれました. This way of "giving" mainly refers to "who gives to whom", or if there are items that we get from ourselves, we are called "giving". And ゃる and ぁげる? also mean "give", but their usage is different. They are a group of verbs that indicate that the speaker or one's own party gives something to others or does something for others. The subject of the action is The grantor, the things involved are represented by を, and the object of the grant (or beneficiary) is represented by に. As long as it is used for those who are lower than yourself, younger or small animals, it can also be used for conversations between peers. ?もらぅ、ぃただく?. It means to get. This word is not as complicated as giving. Two words are used to express different meanings of giving. However, it is not as simple as it seems on the surface. In terms of its use, it has also been influenced by both internal and external factors. The influence of different cultures. In the Japanese language, there is another word that can profoundly reflect to us the differences between its internal and external Japanese culture. This word is the case particle. I believe that the case particle の? can be familiar to everyone. It contains rich grammatical meanings and can express a series of affiliation relationships, modification relationships, etc. in Japanese grammar. Its application has always been deeply influenced by the different ideologies inside and outside. The ancient Japanese would add such a case particle between their family surnames and their first names. Its addition makes the members of the family better demonstrate a sense of unity, and at the same time, it can distinguish the members of the family with the same name. people. When contemporary Japanese introduce themselves to the outside world, they also like to introduce themselves in terms of the group they belong to. Such self-introduction is exclusive and can effectively position themselves to a certain extent.

It can be seen from this that the Japanese culture of "difference between inside and outside" has long been ingrained in their living customs and thoughts, which is also an extremely important part of Japanese traditional culture.

2.3 Japanese Vocabulary

In Japanese, the word that is used the most and has the largest number is personal pronouns. Personal pronouns in Japanese are also divided into three types: first person, second person, and third person. Compared with other languages, Japanese has a large number of personal pronouns, and their uses are also relatively wide, and they have attracted people's attention. Among the uses of personal pronouns, there are relatively many ways of addressing relatives. The use of personal pronouns to address close relationships is more sufficient to reveal the different characteristics of Japanese culture both internally and externally. Take the word Japanese people call their father. When Japanese people call their father, they usually have a special sense of kindness and respect for their father. Therefore, when calling father, they will use different names. Fa Lai expresses the close relationship between them. ?ちち? is commonly used by Japanese people to call their father when talking to others; ?おfatherさん? This is a more common way for Japanese people to call other people’s fathers, but it can also be used to call their own father;?おfather様? From its literal meaning, it can be understood as father. It is mostly used in written language and is not very common in spoken language; ? father さん? The most common Japanese way of calling father in spoken language; ? father ちゃん? This is Japan It is a term of endearment for one's father, which is equivalent to "daddy". A simple title for a father can be divided into the above types, and they are all set according to the close relationship between the characters. From this, we can see how rigorous the setting of "difference between inside and outside" in Japanese culture is. . For the Japanese, the smallest person is themselves. They themselves are their own smallest "internal" group, and when they are outside the family, they are relatives with whom they have a blood relationship. Compared with relatives, a larger in-group can extend outward step by step according to the closeness of the relationship with the character.

3. Conclusion

There is an ongoing connection between Japanese language and Japanese culture, and this connection is very close. If you want to truly master the Japanese language, you must have a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of Japanese culture. Similarly, you must master the "internal and external culture" of the Japanese language and be able to connect it with the Japanese language. When using Japanese, you must also be able to skillfully use the internal and external culture, so as to ensure communication with others. At this time, we can reach the height of thought. ;