How to answer "explanation" and "feeling" in the analysis of college entrance examination historical materials &; amp; quot; Reflect & amp; quot; Questions like enlightenment.

From the source of materials, it can be divided into two types: one is the inscription of ancient books, that is, fragments are extracted from classical works, historical documents, local chronicles, celebrity collections, newspapers and magazines, inscriptions and other written materials; The second category is literary works, that is, selecting materials from poems, novels, scripts, couplets, ballads, legends and other materials.

① rely on or withhold one or two key contents or knowledge points in the textbook, and strive to have the beauty of "harmony between appearance and spirit"; (2) to ensure the amount of information with words as the main carrier; ③ The cited materials pay attention to the sense of history and the sense of the times; ④ The reading difficulty of literary sentences can be accepted by most students.

data materials are a special way of expressing written materials, which can be divided into two types: one is curves and line charts containing data (such as bar charts, circular structure charts, function images and dynamic curves), and the other is tables containing data, which are mainly composed of data of various projects and chart the written materials.

For data material questions, we should analyze the changes of information content of data, line segments and schematic diagrams, and make clear all the real information contained in the chart materials through the changes of figures or curves. Generally, we should interpret the changes from the following three aspects: first, we should interpret the changes expressed in the titles of charts; second, we should interpret the relationship between horizontal and vertical changes; and third, we should interpret the internal relations between charts. We should transform the perceptual intuitive representation into rational thinking generalization, change static observation into dynamic analysis, and explore some regular things of its development and change from the dynamic changes of various phenomena, that is, look at the essence through phenomena.

Graphic test questions are an important type of questions based on historical pictures, charts and historical maps. Teacher Yang said that from the propositional form, pictures mainly include historical photos, cartoons, stamps, posters, art works, propaganda slogans, historical relics, historical sites, historical maps, etc., which can reflect some social characteristics of politics, economy, science and technology, thought and culture in various historical stages. This paper mainly examines students' ability to obtain historical information of charts and explore historical viewpoints, historical essence and historical conclusions contained in historical periods reflected by pictures and charts.

solutions to this kind of problems: ① make full use of and dig out the information of pictures and charts, especially pay attention to observing and capturing the details related to the learned knowledge, and use historical knowledge to analyze and grasp the connotation and essential characteristics of the information. (2) Pay special attention to the time marks, notes and text explanations of pictures and charts, locate them in a specific historical stage, mobilize the relevant historical characteristics and conclusions of this stage, open up new ideas and expand reasonable historical imagination to solve problems, and never judge by feeling. ③ Observe the general trends and laws reflected by charts and pictures as a whole, while paying attention to the details of pictures and charts, change the angle, observe from part to whole, and draw conclusions by analogy and integration of the whole information.

Inquiry-based material questions change the way of examining problems in isolation, dispersion and triviality, and examine the ability of comprehensively extracting effective information, comprehensively analyzing effective information from here and there, and comprehensively using effective information to explain historical understanding. In general, this kind of question type should treat every link of answering questions seriously, that is, accurately understand the meaning of the questions, quickly extract effective information, reorganize the knowledge structure, form a new knowledge system, combine history with theory, and express accurately. Four steps in solving problems: examination, thinking, outline and achievement.

(1) Carefully examine the questions and understand the meaning of the questions. When reading materials, we should pay attention to the concrete analysis of specific materials and read materials from the height of historical knowledge system; At the same time, we should pay special attention to the source of suggestive words and materials; In addition, we should carefully examine and set questions, make clear the direction of setting questions, pay attention to answering questions according to the quantity and answer them according to the questions.

(2) Positioning ideas and screening key points. According to the meaning of the question, closely follow the starting point and key points of the answer. When answering, we should overcome the mindset and stick to the theory from history. Pay attention to details when refining thinking: ① The answers may be hidden in the questions; ② Don't underestimate the ellipsis in the material; Pay close attention to the source of each material, which can help you determine the direction of the answer.

(3) Make an outline quickly according to the formula of the topic. (draft) After positioning and conceiving, quickly conceive a concise and clear outline according to the order of questions and the distribution of scores. For example, according to the period, events, people, country, nationality, region, paragraphs, titles, arguments and other aspects of the materials provided, the answer elements are summarized and summarized.

(4) the combination of history and theory, accurate expression. Use the language of history as much as possible in the process of writing. Answer whatever you ask, don't expand it, and don't miss the answer. The composition of the key points of the answer: first, summarize directly from historical materials. You can find out from the materials one by one according to the scores and summarize them appropriately, without making any comments; Second, summarize according to the materials and combined with the knowledge learned; Third, materials only play the role of creating situations, and we should answer questions completely according to what we have learned.