What is the civil air defense project for?

Civil air defense project is the abbreviation of civil air defense project. Civil air defense projects include underground protective buildings built separately for wartime protection of personnel and materials, civil air defense command and medical rescue. And basements that can be used for air defense in wartime. Civil air defense project is an important facility to protect urban residents from nearby refuge and reduce casualties in wartime. Civil air defense projects are usually used as warehouses, parking lots, shopping malls, street crossings, etc. Used as a shelter in wartime to prevent people from being hurt by air attack weapons such as bombs, missiles, nuclear weapons and biochemical weapons, and to ensure personnel and materials shelter, civil air defense command, medical rescue, etc. In wartime.

I. Classification and composition of civil air defense projects

? (A) the classification of civil air defense projects

Civil air defense projects can be divided into command projects, air defense professional team projects, medical rescue projects, personnel shelter projects and supporting projects according to their wartime use functions. Command works shall be used by wartime civil air defense command organs; Air defense professional team project, used by professional team members who perform tasks in wartime; Medical rescue project is the place to treat the wounded in the early wartime; Personnel shelter project can be used by people who stay in the city for refuge in wartime. Supporting projects can guarantee people's wartime water, electricity and material reserves.

For ordinary residents who stay in the city, they should enter the personnel shelter project according to the guidance of the staff in wartime.

? (2) Civil air defense works

The entrance and exit is the opening for people and equipment to enter and exit the civil air defense project. When each civil air defense project is used in wartime, there are at least two entrances and exits, one is the main entrance and the other is the secondary entrance. In addition, the entrances and exits of civil air defense projects that are only used in peacetime should be blocked in wartime, and no personnel are allowed to enter or leave.

There are at least two air defense doors at the main entrance and exit of the personnel shelter project. There is an anti-virus passage between the two civil air defense doors. When the civil air defense project is sealed in wartime, people must go through these two civil air defense doors and gas passages to protect the people inside from air raid weapons and toxic gases. During the airtight protection of civil air defense projects, secondary entrances and exits are generally not allowed, but when the main entrances and exits are damaged, secondary entrances and exits can be used.

? (3) the main body of civil air defense engineering

The main body of civil air defense engineering is the space used to cover people, materials and vehicles. In civil air defense engineering, the space for sheltering people or materials independently is divided into a protective unit, and each protective unit has its own entrance and exit, independent protective facilities and equipment to ensure that the interior becomes an independent protective space. For the personnel shelter project, in order to facilitate personnel activities, there are generally rest areas, office areas, toilets, drinking rooms and equipment operation rooms in the protection unit. For ordinary personnel, they should move in the designated area according to the requirements of the staff, and are not allowed to enter the equipment operation room without authorization. Each protection unit is divided into several explosion-proof units, which can ensure that when part of the project is damaged, other parts are not directly damaged.

? (four) facilities and equipment in civil air defense projects

There are many facilities and equipment used to protect everyone's safety in civil air defense projects. A very strong civil air defense door is installed at the entrance and exit, which can prevent bomb shrapnel and explosion shock wave from entering the interior of the project; The ventilation pipeline is equipped with explosion-proof valve, dust filter and filter absorber, which can convert outdoor polluted air into clean air and send it to the project for people to breathe; The disinfection facilities installed in the anti-virus passage can clean the polluted dust entering the engineering personnel; In addition, there are emergency power supply, water source, communication, nuclear and biochemical monitoring and automatic control equipment in the project. These devices ensure the safety of refugees, and non-professionals are not allowed to operate these professional devices, so as not to cause accidents or even cause the whole project to lose its protective function.

Second, the characteristics of civil air defense projects

Although the civil air defense project looks similar to the ordinary basement, there are many special places in the design and construction of the civil air defense project, which can effectively protect people from air attack weapons.

(1) Civil air defense works are covered with thick soil or stones, which can resist the fragments of bombs and missiles and isolate nuclear radiation, chemical and biological weapons, explosion shock waves, etc.

(2) There are many special civil air defense facilities and equipment such as poison filtration, ventilation, water supply and drainage in the civil air defense project, which can prevent toxic gas and polluted water from entering the project and ensure the normal breathing and drinking of internal personnel.

(3) The civil air defense engineering structure is relatively strong, which can avoid the damage caused by the collapse of buildings.

(4) Civil air defense projects can isolate external fires, ensure people to stay in them safely for more than a few hours, and avoid the harm caused by urban fires caused by war.

Third, the correct use of civil air defense projects

Civil air defense engineering has good protective performance, but to play its protective role, we must master the correct use method.

(a) familiar with the civil air defense project around, understand its wartime use function, know the main entrance position of personnel shelter project, and be familiar with the shortest route to the project.

(2) After hearing the air raid alarm signal, take personal emergency articles and quickly go to the shelter project, and enter the project in turn according to the guidance of the staff.

(3) After entering the project, sit and rest in the designated position, do less activities, do not fight, maintain physical strength, and reduce oxygen consumption in the project. Pay attention to the hygiene in the project to prevent pollution. Do not urinate or defecate anywhere, and food residues and garbage should be stored in a centralized and sealed manner. Open flame and smoking are strictly prohibited.

(four) in the civil air defense project, non-professionals are not allowed to touch or operate civil air defense equipment, so as not to cause protective accidents. All masking personnel are not allowed to use communication equipment, such as mobile phones, to avoid exposing the target.

(5) During the airtight protection of the project, non-working personnel are generally not allowed to enter or leave the project. When entering and leaving, the staff must take the designated route from the main entrance. At the same time, only one civil air defense door is allowed to open at the entrance of the civil air defense project. It is forbidden to open two civil air defense doors at the same time to prevent polluted air from entering the project. When the project is partially damaged, it should obey the command of the staff and quickly transfer to other protection units to prevent the damage from expanding.

(6) After the air raid alarm is lifted, first clean up the surrounding environment, count and carry your own belongings, and evacuate in an orderly manner under the guidance of the staff.

Fourth, protect civil air defense projects.

The state protects civil air defense works from infringement. Protecting civil air defense works is the responsibility and obligation of all organizations and individuals. No organization or individual may damage or occupy civil air defense works. Any organization or individual has the right to stop and report to the competent departments for civil air defense acts that damage or destroy civil air defense works.

(1) It is forbidden to discharge waste water and waste gas into the civil air defense works and near the openings, dump wastes, pile up sundries, block the openings or build other buildings unrelated to civil air defense;

(two) it is forbidden to block or occupy the road leading to the mouth of the civil air defense project in any form;

(three) prohibit the production and storage of flammable, explosive, toxic, radioactive and corrosive substances in civil air defense projects;

(four) it is forbidden to occupy, transform, dismantle and damage civil air defense engineering facilities without authorization;

(5) Without approval, quarrying, logging, taking soil, blasting, piling, laying pipelines and building ground engineering facilities within 50 meters of civil air defense projects are strictly prohibited;

(six) prohibit other acts of damage to civil air defense projects.