Summary of grammar knowledge points in English compulsory books for senior two.

As we all know, the learning of any language is a process of grammar learning, vocabulary accumulation and re-application. This is an ironclad fact. Before entering this topic, we must first make clear our attitude towards English learning. A positive attitude can get twice the result with half the effort The following is a summary of the grammar knowledge points of the compulsory English books for senior two that I compiled for you. I hope you like it!

Summary of grammar knowledge points in English compulsory books for senior two 1

1. Definition of simple past tense

The simple past tense indicates what happened or the state in which it was in a certain time or period in the past. Often used with past time yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, May, last night/last year/week, once, the day before, before, when clause, past. For example:

What did you do yesterday? What did you do yesterday?

I met Lin Tao this morning. I will arrive in Lintao this morning.

I was just there. I was just there.

2. Application of simple past tense

(1) indicates an action or state that occurred at some time in the past. For example:

Liu Ying was in America last year. Liu Ying was in America last year.

Jim called you just now. Jim called you just now.

(2) indicates the behavior that happened frequently or repeatedly in the past. Often followed by adverbs of time, often, always, sometimes, every day/week, etc. For example:

We often take a walk after supper.

We naturally play together. We usually play together.

3. Requirements for predicate verbs in the simple past tense

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The predicate verb of the general past tense should use the past tense of the verb. Verb past tense consists of regular changes and irregular changes. Irregular changes usually need to be memorized one by one, and regular changes follow the following principles:

(1) In general, -ed is added after the verb. For example: play-play, provide-provide, weigh-weigh, destroy-destroy, and sign-sign.

(2) After the verb ending with the letter E, only -d is added. For example: like-like, offer-offer, hate-hate, date-date.

(3) After the verb ending with "consonant letter +y", change Y to I and add -ed. Such as: supply-supply, fly-fly, learn-learn.

(4) After a verb that ends with a single short vowel and has only one consonant at the end, write the last consonant twice, and then add -ed. Such as plan-plan, reference-reference, regret-retrogression, prohibition-prohibition.

4. Special instructions

Past tense of some verbs, such as expect, hope, intent, plan, wanted, etc. , followed by the perfect tense of infinitive; Or their past perfect tense followed by infinitive can express their unfulfilled intentions, plans or hopes in the past. For example:

I hope to be invited to his wedding. I had hoped to be invited to his wedding. I had hoped that he would invite me to his wedding.

I want to join their game. I wanted to join their game.

Summary of grammar knowledge points in English compulsory books for senior two II.

1 verb

A copula is also called a conjunction verb. As a copula, it has its own meaning, but it cannot be used as a predicate alone. It must be followed by a predicate (also called complement) to form a copula structure to explain the subject's situation, nature and characteristics. Note: Some copula verbs are notional verbs. When expressing the real meaning, this verb is meaningful and can be used as a predicate alone. For example:

He was ill yesterday. He was ill yesterday. (fell is a copulative verb, followed by a complement to explain the subject. )

He fell off the ladder. He fell off the ladder. Fell is a notional verb with an independent predicate.

1) state verb

Only the word be is used to express the subject state. For example:

He is a teacher. He is a teacher. (is and complement together indicate the identity of the subject. )

2) Continuous verbs

Used to indicate that the subject continues or maintains a state or attitude, mainly keep, rest, remain, stay, lie and stand. For example:

He always keeps silent at meetings.

This matter remains a mystery. This matter is still a mystery.

3) Ideographic verbs

The concepts used to express "looks like" mainly include Seem, Apparel and Look. For example:

He looks tired. He looks tired.

He seems very sad. He looks very sad.

4) Sensory verbs

Sensory verbs mainly include feeling, smell, sound and taste. For example:

This kind of cloth feels soft. This kind of cloth feels soft.

This flower smells delicious. This flower smells delicious.

5) Inflectional verbs

These verbs indicate what the subject has become, and the changing verbs mainly include changing, growing, turning, falling, getting, going, coming and running. For example:

After that, he became crazy. After that, he went crazy.

She became rich in a short time. She won't be rich for long. (Provided by Beijing Antong School)

6) Termination verbs

It means that the subject has terminated the action, mainly "proving" and "transferring out". For example:

The rumor proved to be false. The rumor proved to be false.

Search proved to be difficult. Search proved to be difficult.

His plan turned out to be successful. His plan finally succeeded. (Transfer-out Table Termination Result)

2 auxiliary verbs

1) words that help active words form predicate verbs are called auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are called active words. Auxiliary verbs are meaningless and cannot be used alone. For example:

He does not like English. He does not like English.

Not is an auxiliary verb and has no meaning; Like is the main verb.

2) Auxiliary verbs help active words to complete the following functions, which can be used to:

A. express tenses. For example:

He is singing. He is singing. (Provided by Beijing Antong School)

He's married. He's married.

B. express your heart. For example:

He was sent to England. He was sent to England.

C. form a question. For example:

Do you like college life? Do you like college life?

Did you learn English before you came here? Did you learn English before you came here?

D. it is used with the negative adverb not to form a negative sentence. For example:

I don't like him. I don't like him.

E. strengthen the tone. For example:

Be sure to come to the party tomorrow night. Be sure to come to the party tomorrow night.

He does know. He does know.

3) The most commonly used auxiliary verbs are: be, have, do, shall, will, should, would, etc.

3 usage of auxiliary verb be

1)be+ present participle to form the continuous tense. For example:

They are having a meeting. They are having a meeting.

English is becoming more and more important. English is becoming more and more important now. (Provided by Beijing Antong School)

2)be+ past participle constitutes passive voice. For example:

The window was broken by Tom. The window was broken by Tom.

Summary of grammar knowledge points in English compulsory books for senior two 3

I used to participle.

Past participles have the characteristics of verbs, adverbs and adjectives, and can be modified by objects or adverbials. Past participle and object or adverbial together form past participle phrases. It can be used as an attribute, predicative, object complement or adverbial in a sentence. This lesson explains the usage of attributive and predicative.

1. property

If the past participle used as an attribute is a word, it is usually placed in front of the modified word; In the past, participle phrases were used as attributes, usually after the modified words. For example:

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.

This is a book written by a worker.

Make a prediction

Past participles are predicative, which mostly indicate the state of the subject.

I'm glad to hear the news.

The door has been locked.

In the past, participles were used as predicative words, equivalent to adjectives. Common participles are: delivery, disability, surprise, interest, satisfaction, surprise, fatigue, worry, excitement, marriage, etc.

When the past participle is used as a predicative, we should pay attention to the difference from the passive structure. The system table structure explains the state of the topic or its properties and characteristics; Passive structure emphasizes predicate action.

The small village is surrounded by trees. (state)

The small village was soon surrounded by the enemy. (action)

I am interested in chess. (status)

3. past participles as adverbials

(1) means time, which is equivalent to an adverbial clause of time. Sometimes the conjunction when or while can be added before the past participle to emphasize the concept of time.

Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a big garden.

After being accepted by the party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the party.

(2) indicating the reason, which is equivalent to the adverbial clause of the reason.

The children were exhausted and fell asleep at once.

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to fight.

(3) Indicates a condition, which is equivalent to a conditional adverbial clause. Sometimes words like if can be used before past participles.

When heated, water turns into steam.

Given another chance, he would do better.

(4) Concession is equivalent to a through/although leading adverbial clause.

Laughed at by many people, he continued his research.

(5) the same table, indicating the background or situation of the action.

Surrounded by a group of students, the old teacher walked into the classroom.

The animal trainer appeared, followed by five puppies.

Inverted sentence:

Adverbs such as here, there, now, then are placed at the beginning of the sentence, and predicate verbs are often used as be, come, go, lie and run.

The bell is ringing. There was a ring at the bell

Then the chairman came. _ Let's go.

This is your letter. Your letter.

Second, negative words should be placed at the beginning of the sentence, and the sentence should be inverted. Put the first sentence in your heart

Todd can't swim, and neither can I. Todd can't swim, and neither can I.

Used in sentences that start with the words "never", "Hardy", "rarely", "terrible", "naked", "seldom", "never", "not only", "more than once" and "many times".

I will never go there again. I will never go there again.

He has no idea who that woman is. He hardly knows who that woman is.

He is seldom late for class. He is seldom late for school.

Used in the sentence pattern of no faster ... than ... Hardy ... when ... until. ...

Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train left. Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train left.

Hardly had she gone out when the telephone rang and she left.

He didn't finish his homework until the teacher came. He didn't finish his homework until the teacher came.

Third, it is only used at the beginning of a sentence to modify adverbs, prepositional phrases or adverbial clauses.

Only in this way can you learn English well. Only in this way can you learn English well.

Only that time did he make his home. Until when does he do his homework?

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.

Elliptic sentence:

First, the purpose of ellipsis

Ellipsis is a common phenomenon in informal style, especially in dialogue. Ellipsis in English generally has three purposes:

1. Avoid duplication and reduce the burden. The main purpose of ellipsis is to avoid repetition and get rid of unnecessary burdensome and cumbersome.

Mike said he would come to see me at school the next day, but he didn't.

Mike said he would come to see me at school the next day, but he didn't come.

Leave out the last nine words, and the sentence will be much simpler.

2. Close connection and close structure ellipsis is also a rhetorical device that makes the context closely connected.

John won in 1994 and Bob won in 1998. (After Bob, was the winner was omitted, which made the sentence structure more compact. )

3. Emphasis on key points, highlighting another function of information omission is to highlight new information.

Truth is said too low and hypocrisy is said too loudly. The last clause omits the predicate Speaks and highlights it too loudly).

Second, the omission of sentence elements

In order to avoid repetition, or to make something conspicuous, you can omit some sentence elements and keep the original intention of the sentence unchanged.

1. Omit the topic

Please forgive me. Please forgive me. Please forgive me. ))

Serves you right. You deserve it. )

Omitting predicate

Is there a problem? Does it matter? Can I help you? )

The river is deep and the ice is thin. The river is deep and the ice is thin.

The river is deep and the ice is thin. )

Omitted predicate

Are you ready? Yes, I am. (the predicative ready is omitted after am)

Omit an object

We should analyze problems and solve them. (After the analysis, the object question is omitted)

Let's do the dishes. I'll wash it and you dry it.

Ellipsis attribute

He spent part of the money and saved the rest. (omit the property of money after the rest)

Omission adverbial

Even the cleverest person can't know everything.

Application of ellipsis in sentences

In a sentence, ellipsis can be divided into context-related ellipsis and context-independent ellipsis. The omitted part of the former can be found in the sentence, while the latter may not be found.

1. Ellipsis in Simple Sentences

Context-sensitive ellipsis is the most commonly used in conversation.

More beer? Do you want more beer? )

Do you mind if I use your phone?

Not at all. Not at all.

I don't mind at all. )

Will he pass the exam?

Probably. Probably. He is likely to pass the exam. )

Context-independent ellipsis.

Get on board. Please get on board. Omit the predicate)

Long time no see! (omit the subject I)

How about the next game of chess?

Sounds like a good idea.

2. Ellipsis in complex sentences

Sounds like a good idea. Omit the subject)

Everyone seems to be ready.

Every child seems ready. Omit the infinitive to be)

In complex sentences, if the clauses before and after have the same parts, they can often be omitted to avoid repetition. What is usually omitted can be the subject, predicate, object or other extremes, or it can be a part of the extreme of the sentence.

The ellipsis appears in the last clause.

John likes collecting stamps, but doesn't like listening to music.

The ellipsis appears in the preceding clause.

We can (win tomorrow's game) and will certainly win tomorrow's game.

We can and will win tomorrow's game. (The predicate+object is omitted from the previous sentence)

Both clauses are omitted.

They can (pay the full cost) and (they) should pay the full cost.

Ellipsis in complex sentences

In the subject-slave complex sentences, the vitality phenomenon is very common.

Omit the first part of the main clause I'm sorry I couldn't go.

Omit all or part of the main sentence (often used when answering questions).

It is a pity that he failed.

If he says he will come, he will come.

3. In some adverbial clauses, if the predicate verb is be, the subject is consistent with the subject of the main clause, or the subject is it, the subject and be in the clause can often be omitted.

Adverbial clauses of time guided by conjunctions, such as when, while, once, until.

When you are in Rome, do as Rome did. Do as Romans do in Rome.

4. In comparative clauses, the parts that are repeated with the main clause are usually omitted.

Omit all predicates

James likes this story better than Su Sun.

Tom has as many books as Jack.

Omit some subjects and predicates.

Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (His speech is omitted after As) Omit the predicative part.

Mrs. White is not as young as she looks.

Omit most subjects and predicates and keep adverbials.

He used to work hard. He worked hard.

Omit the theme

He drank a little too much.

You spent more money than I expected.

Omit the whole clause

It was omitted after you became slimmer. stew

Some elements can be omitted from the main clause and clause.

The sooner you do it, the better.

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