Circumstances describe the emotions of characters.

1. It's an old man over half a hundred years old, with a weather-beaten face and two deep-set eyes, deep and bright, and looks very divine; Hair is very neat. He sat quietly in a chair in a neat Chinese tunic suit. Nobody cares about him, and he doesn't care about anyone else. He just faced the martyrs cemetery and stared at the towering monument to the people's heroes. He turned pale with fear and his tongue froze, unable to speak.

2. Quiet night, I am alone, some empty, some desolate. Sitting under the starry sky, looking up at the beautiful sky, it feels very real, but it is illusory, flashing and seems to be beating. Everything is always beautiful in an instant, just like a mirage. When the sky brightens, the stars have receded together. ...

3. Just like the sea, whether it is blue or bright, whether it is calm or turbulent, it rises and falls, with the slightest fluctuation; I like to listen to the sound of the sea, whether it is the sound of waves hitting rocks or the sound of waves rolling, it is soft and surging; I like watching the sea, no matter whether my mood is comfortable or dull, whether the weather is sunny or gloomy, I am comfortable and relaxed. ...

4. Open the yellowed pages and try to find the dribs and drabs left by the past. It seems that friends who were many years ago have become strangers now. Rushing by, the friendship that has been maintained for many years has faded, and no intimacy can be found. I only meet them occasionally and smile. Now I can only find those unforgettable ones in the yellowed pages. At least I can hold this last silk thread. ...

It's getting dark again, and this busy city is going to fall asleep again. Let this tired "body" bid farewell to the hard work of the day, let it sleep, and accompany people in the city to sleep. The crescent moon in the sky looks at the city affectionately, at the people in the city, and at the lights of every household gradually going out. It quietly plays "The Moon Song" on the bedside ...?

6. Listen, whose piano sound is so bleak, low-key and slow-paced, as if telling something. The voice is low-key, slightly trembling, and it sounds as if my heart is shaking. I feel a kind of depressed and dreary breath. Has it condensed in this air? ...

7. Lights, with bright light, accompany you whenever night comes, so hazy. Ordinary or gorgeous, it's all the same Lamps decorated with pearls and crystals can only be used for decoration to satisfy people's vanity. Compared with this, ordinary fluorescent lamp is lucky, because its lighting properties have not changed, just like some people in life are ordinary but real.

8. It's sunny today. It's very comfortable to sit by the window and look at such a sunny day outside. The world after the storm always gives people a bright feeling, as if the sun shines on the "heart", so that the flowers trampled by the wind and rain a few days ago can regain the care of love and reproduce the vitality of life!

9. Ignorant people wait for hallucinations in their dreams, and the rewards they get are not what they want, but the marks left by years on their faces. People who accomplish nothing are wasting their lives. In life, instead of taking time to wait, it is better to speed up the pace to pursue your own ideals and strive to race against time. Maybe they will feel physically and mentally exhausted, but such a life is full after all.

10. Some are cold, some are cold, and I feel helpless. I walked alone in the dark, trembling, my body was shrinking, and my new life was trembling. I can't see the road ahead clearly, I feel confused and my chest is a little stuffy. I looked around, the deserted streets looked deserted, and I felt that the whole world would give up on me. Tears have already dripped between my steps.

Note that it is better to teach people to fish than to teach people to fish. Let's explain the method below-

Environmental description refers to the description of the specific social environment and natural environment in which the characters live. Among them, social environment refers to buildings, places, furnishings and other scenery and folk customs that can reflect the characteristics of society and the times. Natural environment refers to seasonal changes, wind, frost, rain and snow, mountains and rivers, lakes and seas, forests, Yuan Ye and other natural scenery. From 20 15 onwards, detailed environmental descriptions have been added to mystery novels and realistic novels.

natural environment

The most basic environmental description

The description of natural environment includes the time, place, season, climate and scenery of people's activities, which plays an important role in expressing people's identity, status and actions, expressing people's mood and rendering the atmosphere. In the composition of primary school, junior high school and senior high school, it is mainly used as scene explanation and borrowing, and can also be used for transition.

social environment

Introduce and describe the background of the times and people.

The descriptive characteristics of social environment refer to the description of the background of a specific era and the living environment of characters. The scope it describes can be large or small, as big as the whole society and the whole era, as small as a family and a residence. The content of description can be indoor furnishings, local customs and the atmosphere of the times. The description of social environment should have strong regional characteristics.

Detail environment

Advanced description, psychological suggestion is better.

It develops more carefully and deeply than nature and society, and appears in mystery novels and realistic novels. The description feels more real. It is also important to describe the details of not less than 300 words to 700 words through space pictures and bring in plot factors.

In realistic novels, the details of literary language are portrayed through real environmental pictures (as real as character descriptions, usually appearing in scripts and self-rotation). ), in mystery novel, it mainly describes the scene details and environment of investigating the scene and chasing the murderer. In short, the stronger the sense of substitution, the greater the reader's reaction.

The finer the division of labor among the three, the better the role, which plays a certain role in the plot of the novel.

Descriptive function

The environmental description in the article is not dispensable, but serves the theme and characterization of the article. However, when many students write, no matter what the situation is, they are always "sunny and clear, with small trees waving to me and birds singing for me". They just write about scenery for the sake of scenery, but they don't know that "all scenery words are sentimental" (Wang Guowei). Let's appreciate the importance of environmental description from the works of several literary masters.

social context

Lu Xun's introduction to Xianheng Hotel at the beginning of Kong Yiji;

The layout of Luzhen Hotel is different from other places: it is a big counter facing the street, which has hot water and can warm wine at any time. People who go to work after work in the afternoon and evening often spend two copper coins to buy a bowl of wine-this was twenty years ago, and now each bowl has to rise to ten pence ... but these customers are mostly short-sleeved gangs, generally not so rich. Only people in robes walk into the house next to the shop, ask for wine and vegetables, and sit and drink slowly.

The purpose of introducing Xianheng Hotel is to explain the social environment in which Kong Yiji is located, to render two completely different social groups, namely "short-clothed gang" and "long-clothed gang", and to show the serious social class opposition and the cold relationship between people. The author describes such a snobbish, cold and hypocritical social environment, which renders a cold and sad social atmosphere for us, lays the foundation for the development of the plot and foretells the inevitability of the tragedy of the characters. Xianheng Hotel can be said to be the epitome of the dark semi-feudal and semi-colonial society in China at that time.

Tone suggestion

There are two scenic descriptions in My Uncle Yule by Mo Bosang, the king of French short stories.

A, we boarded the ship, left the trestle, and sailed far away on a calm sea like a green marble desktop.

B, in front of us, there seems to be a purple shadow coming out of the sea in the distance, that is Zheersai Island.

The first description of the environment was when the Phillips family traveled with the dream of getting rich. At that time, they received a letter from Yule making a fortune, and Philip's second daughter got married. The family is happy to travel. At that time, the sea was as beautiful as a "green marble desktop" in their eyes. It shows how happy the family is. But to their surprise, they met Yule, who became a sailor after bankruptcy, and their dream of getting rich was shattered. Therefore, their tourist destination became a "purple shadow" in their eyes. Without saying a word, they vividly wrote the disappointment and frustration of the Philip family.

Start an activity

Cao Wenxuan, a contemporary writer, described the storm in the chapter "The Red Gate of Caotang (II)", which is closely related to Du Xiaokang's growth. The storm in Ludang is extremely terrible: thunder, like ten thousand chariots rolling from the horizon, stormy, hysterical and dark, as if the end of the world had arrived, and the storm washed away the duck pen and scattered the ducks. Du Xiaokang showed the courage and strength of an adult, fighting in the wind and rain. The storm gave him the opportunity and stage to grow up. It can be said that the worse the environment, the more it can highlight the courage and strength of the master Du Xiaokang, and the more vivid the characters are.

Reveal character

The chameleon by Chekhov, a famous Russian writer in the 19th century, started from the market where police officer Ralph walked:

There was silence everywhere. There is no one in the square. The doors of shops and restaurants are listlessly open, facing the world created by God. Like many hungry mouths, there is not even a beggar at the door.

With only a few strokes, it truly reproduces the scene of social depression and decline under the czar, and reflects the gloomy and terrible face of Russian society in the11980s. This social environment is the soil for Ralph's pandering to reality and flattering personality, while Ralph's spirit maintains a corrupt and dark social system. Therefore, lashing Ralph's character has more important social significance.

Contrast image

In Lu Xun's Mr. Fujino, the beauty of Ueno's brilliant cherry blossoms is used to compare the ugliness of Qingsheng's being neither male nor female.

When Ueno cherry blossoms are in full bloom, they look like a crimson light cloud, but there are also crash courses for groups of "Qing students" under the flowers. Big braid was tied on the top of the head, which made the students' hats fly high, forming a Mount Fuji. Other braids are loose and flat, except for hats, which are shiny and can be learned, just like a little girl's bun, and her neck is twisted a few times, which is really beautiful.

Those posh "Qing students" are in sharp contrast with the beautiful cherry blossoms! In contrast, readers can't help but feel the disgusting ugliness of "Qing Sheng" on paper.

In Lu Xun's hometown, the author put the boy's leap soil in a miraculous picture:

There is a golden full moon in the dark blue sky. Below is the sandy land by the sea, with endless green watermelons. In the meantime, there was a boy of eleven or twelve years old, wearing a silver ring and holding a steel fork in his hand. He tried his best to stab a horse, but the man wriggled away from his crotch.

The author uses the beauty of natural scenery to contrast the liveliness, bravery and harmony between man and nature, so that the image of young leap soil is vivid in this vast and vivid world.

Through the analysis of these famous works, we find that the environmental description in the article is very important, which is inseparable from the theme of the article and the characters created. We should also learn to use these methods skillfully and appropriately in our composition.

Increase authenticity (detailed environmental description)

For example, "There is a vast Gobi outside the window, no mountains, no water, no one …" The first paragraph of "White Poplar" explains the location: people feel the desolation and barrenness of the Gobi, which paves the way for the following father's meditation.

In addition, the living environment of the characters in teacher Mo Yan's Frog is described in detail, because teacher Mo Yan's Frog itself belongs to a realistic novel, which makes people feel brought in. This scene is made up of fixed pictures. The environment in Red Sorghum is also described in detail.

Rendering atmosphere

For example, "it's gray, gloomy and cold, and the sidewalks on both sides of Chang 'an Avenue are crowded with men, women and children. The environmental description in the article "Ten Miles to the Premier" exaggerates the sad atmosphere and sets off people's extremely sad mood in mourning for Premier Zhou. Another example is the description of the hometown scene in Hometown, which renders a sad atmosphere. Lu Xun's article "Medicine" ends with a paragraph: Although the season is bright, the weather is still "exceptionally cold" and the roadside is "layered"; There is no life here, only the "upright branches" of hay make a "trembling sound"; There are no crowing orioles, only crows with ominous omen. They "stand with their heads down and cast iron". Here, with the help of environmental description, the cold and sad atmosphere of the cemetery is rendered.

Contrast sb.' s mood

For example, in the article Wish, after pointing out that "I" went to a street park in Paris to read a book on holiday, I explained the surrounding environment of "I" and the connection between "I" and Beijing from the flowers, expressing the author's thoughts and feelings of missing the motherland.

Reflect character

For example, the article "A Night's Work" describes the working environment of Premier Zhou: "This is a tall palace-style house with extremely simple interior furnishings ..." This shows how simple the life of the Prime Minister is. Another example is the article "The Poor", which says, "The cold wind is howling outside and the waves are rough ... This fisherman's hut is warm and comfortable." So Sang Na is a hard worker. In addition, the detailed description of the hut in Pear Blossom on the Post Road shows people's enthusiasm and kindness.

Advance the plot

For example, in "Cao Cao Boiling Wine on Heroes", "The wine is half full, and suddenly the clouds are bleak and the rain is coming. From a human point of view, there is a dragon hanging in the sky. Because of the change of the weather, the comment on "Dragon" was introduced, which promoted the development of the plot.

In addition, as written in "Border Town", "It's almost evening, and all the other birds seem to have rested, only the cuckoo keeps calling. Stones and soil were exposed to the sun all day, and vegetation was exposed to the sun all day. At this time, each emits a kind of hot air. The air smells of earth, plants and beetles. Cui Cui looked at the red clouds in the sky and listened to the chaotic voices of businessmen floating on the ferry, and his heart was a little thin and desolate. " Cui Cui in Seeds of Love "feels something is missing from her mature life", "It seems that she has seen that the day has passed, and she wants to climb up in a new personnel, but she can't". Cui Cui longs for love, but she hasn't landed yet. She feels lonely and lost. At this time, my grandfather was too busy to take care of her on the ferry, and the cuckoo kept calling. The smell of soil, vegetation, beetles and the confused voice of businessmen aggravated Cui Cui's inner confusion and loneliness, so she "had a thin sadness in her heart". The description of the environment here became an opportunity for the psychological activities of the characters, reflecting the mood of the characters and promoting the development of the story.

Deepen the theme

The analysis of the theme of the novel is inseparable from the careful analysis of the characters and plots, and also from the careful investigation of the environment. For example, in Lao She's Camel Xiangzi, in order to describe the hardships of Xiangzi, the driver, and reveal the misery of the working people in the old society, the author tried his best to describe a stormy scene. When times were hard, Xiangzi had to pull rickshaws to earn money. It rained so hard that people couldn't walk, so Xiangzi had to make money in the rain. Through the description of the environment, Xiangzi's industrious and industrious character is displayed, thus revealing the misery and tragic theme of the working people's life in the old society.

Of course, a specific environmental description often has multiple functions, which need to be comprehensively analyzed according to the specific language environment, and should not be limited to a certain function.

Subtle movements

Environment is a specific place to form a character and restrict his activities, which determines and influences his character. At the same time, characters sometimes react to the environment. To write a narrative with strong story, we should not only write the plot, but also write the natural environment and social environment. Write these two environments well, you can better compare the characters, and then express the center comprehensively and clearly.

The application of environmental description should be: clear purpose-help to express the central idea; Concrete and vivid-giving people an immersive feeling; Grasp the characteristics-write unique scenery.

Describe the effect

Objective description is a description that reproduces the original form of the scene more truly, and writes feelings by writing the scene, which is what we call "borrowing scenery to express feelings".

Subjective description means that the author writes objective scenery with subjective feelings, and consciously or unconsciously integrates subjective feelings into the scenery, which is called "sending feelings to the scenery" in writing.

The natural environment is a common description object in this paper. Social environment can be room furnishings, layout, places for people's activities, local customs and habits, etc. Scenes are the general characteristics of people's activities at specific times and occasions. Write a narrative with strong story and a good environment. Some people say that it is necessary to draw two pictures, that is, a "dead body painting" and a "murder painting" around the characters.