Landscape design of urban bridges

The promotion of material culture needs the construction of spiritual civilization to keep pace. With the continuous improvement of people's aesthetic concept, "landscape" has been paid more and more attention in bridge design in China.

First, the purpose of urban bridge landscape design

"Landscape" refers to the scenery with ornamental aesthetic value. Understanding by word breaking, the "scenery" of landscape refers to natural scenery and human scenery, and the "scenery" of landscape refers to people's view of enjoying natural scenery and human scenery in their position. Specifically, landscape design is based on "view" and has aesthetic consciousness. On the basis of engineering technology, it designs the natural environment and human objects where people live through visual means, so as to achieve harmony and beauty.

The purpose of modern bridges is not simply to meet the traffic function, because the huge span, strong physical expression, extraordinary scale and huge social resources investment of bridges have great influence on the development of urban real estate and regional population. Therefore, the design of bridge landscape should not only pay attention to the structural technology and aesthetic design of the bridge itself, but also pay attention to the coordinated design of bridge landscape.

The definition of urban bridge landscape design today comes from the book Bridge Landscape: The Art of Designing Bridges written by Frederick Gottemoeller, an American expert in bridge landscape design. It is defined as: the bridge landscape design is also the harmonious unity between the bridge landscape and the landscape scale of the earth or city, which includes the respect for the local cultural environment and the integration of * * * *, as well as the reasonable protection of the natural original environment of the bridge construction site. The specific connotation should include: linear design, modeling design, plane layout design, color design, texture design and decoration design. American landscape experts have also given new meaning to the application of semiotics, the expression of historical culture and the design and creation of technical aesthetic characteristics in bridge landscape design: to realize the unity of bridge function, aesthetics, culture and technology.

Since the third scientific and technological revolution, modern science and technology have developed rapidly, and the building materials and structural structure of bridges have undergone tremendous changes. The optimization of bridge structure design and the application of new building materials make the urban bridge landscape convey modern aesthetic atmosphere. The landscape design of urban bridges is an important symbol of the city. Huizhou, also known as "Goose City", the Dongjiang Bridge in the lower corner of Huizhou is a regional landmark building. It pursues miraculous effect in abstract form. Its swan tower has a unique and novel shape, beautiful and smooth lines, giving people a feeling of unrestrained, condensing the wisdom and creativity of designers, and its visual beauty symbolizes the prospect of economic progress in "Goose City". Bridges are the cultural landscape of the city. The line shape, shape and plane layout of the bridge should not only meet the requirements of function, safety and economy, but also meet the requirements of aesthetics. The ultimate goal of urban bridge landscape design is to maximize the mechanical rationality, functional practicability and aesthetic harmony of urban bridge design on the basis of comprehensive consideration of natural landscape, urban landscape, historical and cultural landscape and aesthetics, thus reflecting the construction of urban spiritual civilization and the development of human culture.

Second, the role of urban bridge landscape design

1. Urban bridge landscape design is the crystallization of human wisdom.

Human beings combine aesthetic consciousness with urban bridge construction and strive to ensure the coordination and aesthetics of urban construction.

Bridge design embodies the wisdom and creativity of designers. With its unique way of thinking, human beings put their thoughts into practical design and seek creativity between complexity and simplicity, but the conflict is not contradictory. German leonhardt once said in "Art and Modeling of Bridge Architecture": "Beauty can be displayed between change and similarity, and between complexity and order, so as to be strengthened".

2. Urban bridge landscape design is the embodiment of people's spirit of the times and aesthetic characteristics.

The bridge design of each era represents the humanistic spirit of that particular era. The three red flags on the bridgehead of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the workers, peasants and soldiers on the sculpture of Bao Xiao, and the thirteen iron cables of Luding Bridge in Sichuan all show the humanistic spirit of China in the old days, which is of great significance to the times and evokes people's memories of that era. The design of urban bridges has left a historical mark.

Luding Bridge in Sichuan was built in the forty-fourth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (AD 1705). It is located on the west side of Luding County, across the Dadu River, and the east bridge head is connected with the west gate. On both sides of the bridge, the mountains are undulating, the high cliffs are sandwiched in the middle, the water is flowing, and the river is roaring and rushing, just like a dragon with claws. The total length of the bridge is101.67m, and the width is 2.67m. It consists of 13 thick iron cables pulled from the east coast to the west coast. Nine iron cables are used as bottom cables, and two iron cables on each side are used as bridge fences. The bridge deck is paved with planks horizontally for pedestrians to pass through. At that time, the Dadu River crossed the river thousands of miles, which was the only bridge. It is also the main throat connecting the hinterland of Sichuan and the Kangzang Plateau. There are enemies across the bridge. Most of the bridge slabs have been removed, and 13 bare iron cables are suspended in the air. Looking down through the chain, the roaring Dadu River surged in. Luding Bridge witnessed the indomitable revolutionary spirit of the Chinese Red Army and left the mark of the times.

3. Bridge landscape design is the embodiment of different regional cultures and national characteristics.

A good bridge landscape design, in the urban environment and people's spiritual life, must have a range beyond recognition and regionality. Suzhou is a famous water city, known as Venice of the East. There are many rivers and bridges in this city. There are ancient bridges 168 in the ancient city. It can be said that the number of bridges in Suzhou is the largest in China and even in the world. Tongli Guanfu Bridge is one of the most mythical ancient bridges. On the Longmen stone of this bridge, there is a vivid stone carving of "Peach Blossom Fish in Langli". Legend has it that when the peach blossom was in full bloom in March, the carp struggled through the wind and waves, trying to jump over the Longmen and take off all the fetuses and enter the celestial world. But just as it struggled to jump out of the water, a girl as beautiful as flowers and jade came to the bridge and the carp moved. As a result, it jumped over the head of the Longmen and became a faucet, while the half outside the Longmen still kept the fish body. The construction of urban bridges has entrusted the beautiful legends and cultural characteristics of human beings.

4. The bridge landscape design reflects the level of economic and social development.

The material civilization and spiritual civilization of human society have promoted the scientific and technological development and extension of urban bridge engineering design. Bridges play an important role in the urban environment and people's daily life, and are the tangible carriers of human material civilization and spiritual civilization. Since the founding of New China, the construction of urban bridges in China has been constantly changing with the economic development, from wooden bridges in the 1950s to stone arch bridges in the 1960s and 1970s, to beam bridges in the 1980s, to cable-stayed bridges in the 1990s, and now to overpasses and viaducts. With the development of economy, the styles of bridge construction and landscape design are constantly changing, and the bridge modeling of each era is the embodiment of the level of economic and social development at that time.

Third, the steps and methods of urban bridge landscape design

1 bridge landscape design steps

The basis of bridge landscape design is firstly the bridge landscape planning, and secondly the landscape deepening design. Bridge landscape planning should analyze the landscape environment and put forward the idea of bridge site; Analyze the position of the bridge and put forward the landscape direction of the bridge; And according to the landscape positioning, the landscape space layout is carried out; In addition, there are the planning of supporting buildings and the zoning and grading of bridge night landscape. The purpose of bridge landscape planning is to make a unified layout of the landscape, so as to better reflect the characteristics of the bridge. Bridge landscape planning should be carried out simultaneously with the feasibility study report of the bridge, and the landscape design should be deepened after the feasibility study is reviewed by relevant departments.

2. Urban bridge landscape design method

The design of urban bridge landscape can start from different angles, from the overall landscape of the bridge to the local landscape, from the overall landscape of the bridge to the design of some piers, and can produce special effects through the combination with aesthetics.

First of all, the bridge landscape design divides the bridge landscape into six parts from the perspective of bridge landscape aesthetics: linear design, modeling design, plane layout design, color design, texture design and decoration design. At the same time, it also attaches great importance to strengthening the use of semiotics, the expression of historical culture and the expression of technical aesthetic characteristics, and strives to unify architecture and aesthetics.

Secondly, from the point of view that the bridge conforms to landscape aesthetics, the bridge is not isolated from the environment, and its landscape is always accompanied by landscape and urban landscape, which is called composite landscape. For example, the Sydney Bridge and the Sydney Opera House in the background reflect each other, and the landscape of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge and Guibei Mountain has always been the pride of Wuhan city.

Thirdly, from the perspective of bridge night landscape aesthetics, there are essential differences between bridge lighting night landscape and bridge traffic lighting. It can be said that bridge night landscape is an organic combination of electric lighting science and bridge art, an important support for creating night romance, and an inevitable requirement for urban landscape diversity after social material civilization reaches a certain height. The night scene of bridge lighting expands the landscape expression of the bridge and continuously shows the charm of the bridge.

Finally, from the image recognition system of bridge landscape aesthetics, bridge design can show the characteristics of the bridge through special marks and logo patterns; You can also use the city logo building logo; In addition, flower beds, seats, railings, billboards, telephone booths, bus stops, footbridges, trash cans, signs and lamps attached to the bridge can all be used as carriers of the landscape.

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