"Lord of the Flies" (lord of the flies) makes a power point about JACK in English! Urgent, completed within 12 hours!

William Golding (1911～1994) British novelist. Born into an intellectual family in Cornwall, England, he has been interested in literature since childhood. In 1930, he followed his father's orders and entered Oxford University to study natural sciences. Two years later, he switched to literature. In 1934, he published his first work - a collection of 29 short poems (one of Macmillan's contemporary poetry collections). He graduated from Oxford University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1935, and then worked as a choreographer and actor in a small theater company. He joined the Royal Navy in 194o and personally participated in the war at that time. He retired from the army in 1945 and went to school to teach English literature and persisted in amateur writing. In 1954, he published the novel "Lord of the Flies", which gained great reputation. Became a member of the Royal Society of Literature in 1955. In 1961, he received a master's degree in literature from Oxford University. In the same year, he resigned from his teaching position and devoted himself to writing.

Golding was a prolific writer. After "Lord of the Flies", he published novels such as "The Heir" (1955), "Pinchy Martin" (1956), and "Freedom to Fall" (1960). ), "Church Spire" (1964), "Pyramid" (1967), "The Darkness Visible" (1979), "Ceremony of the Crossing" (1980) - this book won the most prestigious Booker Prize in the UK that year (Booker McConnell Prize), "Festival of the Voyage" (1980), "Paper Man" (1984), "Near Direction" (1987), "Whispering Words" (1995), etc. Among them, "Sailing Ceremony" won the Booker McNair Book Award. In addition, he has written plays, essays, and short stories, and in 1982 he published a collection of literary criticism, "The Moving Target."

Golding is known as the "fable writer" in the West. He uses realist narrative methods to write fables and myths, inherits the tradition of Western ethics, and focuses on expressing the theme of "the darkness of the human heart". Show the writer's concern for the future of mankind. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983 because his novels "have clear realistic narrative techniques and the diversity and universality of fictional stories that illustrate the human condition in today's world."

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the work

The story of Lord of the Flies is actually very simple. A war in the future destroys human peace. A group of children were stranded on a desert island when a plane crashed over the ocean. At first, the children worked together to cope with the difficulties that followed. However, due to the fear of "beasts", the children gradually split into two groups, one representing reason and civilization, and one representing wildness and primitiveness. Eventually, conflicts broke out between the two groups.

Lord of the Flies comes from Hebrew, and the original word is "Baalzebub" (this should be the case, and some say that this word comes from Arabic). In English, "Lord of the Flies" is the king of feces and ugliness (or the king of filth). In the Bible, "Baal" is regarded as the "head of all evil." In the novel, Lord of the Flies not only symbolizes the ugly hanging pig's head, but also represents the deepest dark side of human nature, the inevitable evil nature.

Golding is a typical writer affected by the war. He participated in naval battles and the Normandy landing, and witnessed the cruelty of war and all kinds of persecution and contempt for human nature. The generation of writers after the war was inevitably filled with disappointment and frustration. It was impossible to ask them to be gentle and kind, nor could they write about afternoon picnics or about the emotions between men and women. What fills their hearts is the aberration of human nature in a sick world, and how civilized society will step into decadence and destruction as man's original sinful nature changes. At the same time, they were frustrated because they could not find a way to solve this huge problem. In the end, they could not find a point of relief and could only end the work with the death or disappearance of the characters in the work.

Lord of the Flies is a work that pays great attention to psychological description.

In the linear narrative process of the entire twelve chapters, the various problems encountered in desert island life are mainly evaluated and implemented from a rational perspective and with a rational attitude (not complete). Ralph is the natural protagonist of the rational school, and the whole book also views issues from his perspective. Ralph is the twelve-year-old son of a naval officer. He is well-educated and gentle. He always believes that only if a civilized ship comes to save them can they get a way out of civilized society. So while living on a desert island, he not only established the authority of "Conch", but also established a team led by the eldest child to solve the problems of accommodation, food and help. He was always thinking about the smoldering distress signal. Although at some point his rationality was finally conquered by his nature, his painful tears in the end also represented that he was the only character who still had reason during the transformation of human nature.

On the opposite side is Jack, who represents the wild. Jack is the eldest boy in the choir, with leadership skills. Although he believes in Christ, he is full of natural power. From the beginning, he has regarded the authority of "Conch" and attempted to ascend to the supreme position with strength. His beastly nature is also fully demonstrated in the hunting and slaughtering of wild boars. He adapted the hymn lyrics to "Kill the beast, cut its throat, and bleed it." It showed a shocking power. In the end, when the wild faction defeated the rational faction, he regarded Ralph as his prey and searched frantically. And he wants to kill friends of the same age who once fought side by side.

Piggy and Roger are the vassals of these two factions. Piggy is a fat, asthmatic boy who wears glasses and is often teased. But Ralph charmed Piggy with his rational personality, so Piggy became the closest person to Ralph. He always emphasizes the authority of the "conch" and emphasizes Ralph's idea of ??seeking help. But he was indeed a pure theorist, and he died tragically on a sea cliff due to "conch" in the end. Relatively speaking, Roger has less space, but his vicious and cruel personality and behavior are unforgettable, and his accomplice-like executioner character makes people shudder. It's hard to imagine that he was just a little boy of the same age as Piggy, but he pushed down the boulder so hard that Piggy fell to his death on the sea cliff.

Simon is the key figure who caused the climax of the incident. He is somewhat wimpy and epileptic. But he has a sensitive mind and always looks at problems from a philosophical perspective. It was only his initial suggestion, "Maybe, maybe...the beast is within ourselves." Although it attracted unanimous opposition and ridicule from the children, his idea hit the theme of the incident. He also saw the hanging pig head and vaguely saw the words of the Lord of the Flies to himself. He seemed to have become a prophetic figure. It's just that prophets have always been abandoned, and Lord of the Flies also strongly hinted that he died a violent death because of his prophecies.

It must be mentioned here that Ralph and Jack are characters in the previous masterpiece of a famous British children's literature writer. It's just the opposite. In that children's literature, the two of them are the best friends. They work together and overcome many difficulties through thick and thin. It is a manifestation of the "goodness" of human nature. Golding should be trying to satirize the hypocrisy of "good" in this sick world, and thus write about the true direction of "evil", which is the "beast", the dark side of human nature, which is the "Lord of the Flies".

Golding uses quite a lot of montage techniques to shape the characters' psychology. From Ralph's sweaty walk on the beach to his thoughts jumping to the cool and happy British farm life in summer, and from Jack's obsession with conch to his violent thoughts when hunting a wild boar. Because of Golding's excellent description of all aspects of psychology, the characters are more three-dimensional and unforgettable.

In the entire category of desert island literature, from Robinson Crusoe to Lord of the Flies, it is a narrative process of the entire human state of mind. Previous desert island literature emphasized human initiative. Humans have endless fun fighting nature, and they realize their own value while defeating nature and themselves.

However, due to the rapid evolution of war since the 20th century, the widespread use of long-range weapons and the strong destructiveness of weapons of mass destruction, Xi'an writers have been unable to find a harmonious and peaceful solution. So they fled to a desert island to ponder the evil nature and evil of human beings. However, they could not find a way out, so they had to let the desert island become the root of everything. Although the entire desert island was burned down at the end of the story, if the adults who symbolize civilization did not appear in the end, the children might not be able to survive.

The author places great emphasis on several symbols of civilized society. For example, the older children must wear clothes and cover themselves no matter what, and they must go to the toilet at a designated place so as not to pollute the water source. Even the youngest children remember their home address and phone number at first. However, when the bestiality completely conquered people's reason, these children also turned into savages who could not even remember their own names.

After the children (including Ralph) accidentally killed Simon on the stormy night, the nature of Lord of the Flies has been clearly shown to the readers. Although Piggy explained the reason, Ralph was still crying painfully about his mistake. Human nature is evil, and when the Lord of the Flies comes, all reason seems to have been defeated by hatred and sin. No matter what the author's intention is in the mechanical deification technique in which the rationalists are rescued in the end, it may be a way of self-comfort because he can't find a solution. But as long as readers carefully consider the nature and origin of Lord of the Flies, and apply the social values ??and life concepts derived from it to their own philosophical thinking, then Golding's slim novel will achieve its original purpose.

Revelation of "Lord of the Flies"

"Lord of the Flies" is the Lord of Flies, derived from the Hebrew Baalzebub. In the Bible, "Baal" is regarded as "all evil" In English, "Lord of the Flies" is the king of filth and a synonym for ugly souls.

In this work, Golding uses his unique contemplation and calmness to dig into the root causes of human beings who have never stopped killing each other for thousands of years. It is a modern version of a fable that reveals the evil of human nature. . The story sets up a series of conflicts between people's original good and original evil, human nature and bestiality, rationality and irrationality, civilization and barbarism. The results of the conflicts convincingly demonstrate the fragility of civilization and rationality and the pursuit of democratic and legal order. The difficulty illustrates the reason why it is easy for human beings to move towards autocracy but difficult to move towards a democratic society. Why does human civilization seem so useless and vulnerable in the face of desire and barbarism? This is what Lord of the Flies is thinking about.

1

The story takes place in the distant future. During a nuclear war, a plane takes a group of boys from mainland England to the south for evacuation. The plane was attacked and forced to land on an uninhabited coral island in the Pacific. These children are temporarily separated from the civilized world. The planes are gone, the adults are gone, and the civilized world that mankind has built with so much hard work is in danger. The environment on the island is very harsh, posing a threat to the children who are lucky enough to survive. However -

The biggest danger comes from these innocent children themselves.

The children began life on the island without adults. 12-year-old Ralph is the son of a British naval commander. He is elegant, optimistic and confident, and is delighted to be free from adult control. He blew a conch, organized the children scattered across the island, and was elected leader at the plenary meeting. Under the leadership of Ralph, the children set up tents, gathered wild fruits, and lit bonfires to wait for help. At first, the children lived in harmony on the isolated island, and they were happy. However, with the appearance of the "Beast", the peace and harmony on the island was broken, and the children quickly divided into two groups: one group was led by Ralph As representatives, we insist on establishing a civilized social order on the island, such as requiring defecation in designated places, holding meetings and raising hands to speak when encountering problems, and always lighting a fire on the beach as a signal for help. The other group is represented by the choir leader Jack. They scorn these civilized and democratic practices and advocate the original evil in human nature and the instinct of destruction and destruction.

He was originally the leader of the church choir. He had a strong desire for power and was always competing for the leadership of the island. When Ralph was established as the leader of the island, although he was dissatisfied, he was unable to deprive Ralph of his "legitimate" power. The sequelae of being born with no clear division of power were initially overshadowed by the novelty of being freed from the adult world. However, when the children quarreled over tending the campfire and hunting, the conflict between Jack and Ralph suddenly intensified. Jack believes that you can eat meat when hunting, and when everyone can only eat vegetarian food, eating meat represents a certain privilege. This privilege becomes a power at this particular time, and Ralph is simply unable to demonstrate his power. The hope of salvation he pursued became increasingly slim as time went by. In contrast, the temptation to eat meat and live a well-off life is obviously greater for other children.

Once Jack realized the power he possessed, he quickly got rid of Ralph's control and decided his own development path. In an environment without adults, children are like weeds growing wildly, and Jack is the craziest one among them. Under the threat of the "beast", he successfully robbed the leadership and implemented autocratic rule. The autocrats who advocated instinct eventually overwhelmed the democrats who paid attention to reason. After unintentionally killing Simon and Piggy, Jack extinguishes the last trace of his humanity and even burns down the entire island in pursuit of Ralph.

Three

"Beast" is the main symbolic image in "Lord of the Flies", which represents the evil in the hearts of children. The "beast" first appeared in the form of a snake in the dream of a child with a fetal mole. The children were obviously very afraid of facing this sensitive issue. Ralph, as the leader, did not take a positive attitude towards it, but only emphasized emptyly " There are no beasts here," declining to discuss the topic. As a result, snakes became a taboo on the island. It was precisely because of this "ostrich" mentality that they suffered huge tragedies in the future.

In Chapter 5, "The Beast Comes from the Water," the little boy Parcival says again, "The Beast Comes from the Sea," which is the subconscious reflection of the beast deep in the human heart. When the news spread, except for Simon, who has keen observation, the other children did not realize the seriousness of this problem. Simon, who was the first to realize the "original sin" of mankind, was besieged and scolded by children. They were unwilling to face the "dark shadow" deep in their hearts and tried to avoid it. Unknowingly, the mistakes became bigger and bigger, and the crisis gradually deepened. approaching.

In Chapter 6, "A signal floated down from the adult world. Although the children were asleep at the time, no one noticed...A figure with dangling limbs was descending rapidly. "The corpse that fell on the top of the mountain became the "beast" that the children were afraid of. The body both limits them geographically and threatens them psychologically, trapping them in a self-imposed trap. Only Simon felt a little suspicious. "No matter how Simon imagined the beast, he always had this picture in his mind: a man who was both heroic and sickly."

The Evil Side of Children Rapidly expanding in an uncontrolled environment, they hunted wild boars in groups, and even used people to pretend to be "beasts" to play hunting games. "Kill him! Kill him!" The children screamed, jumping wildly, struggling desperately, the sound became louder and louder, like some kind of ceremony, even Ralph couldn't help but "twist him" At this moment, the defenseless brown flesh, the desire to twist and hurt dominates everything."

At this time, the lowest and most animalistic "shadow" of their personality is vented through this ritual. The "prey" satisfied their bloodlust, and they all became "savages". After that, these children no longer considered whether they could be saved. They devoted all their energy to hunting and were keen on "killing wild boars, cutting their throats, and bleeding them." Part of this is due to the need for survival, and part is due to bloodthirsty animal instincts, which are satisfied from bloody hunting activities.

Desperate to find out the truth, Simon went into the forest to find out. On his way back, he met the pig's head that Jack and the others had stuck on the stake. It was already covered with black flies.

This is "Lord of the Flies." The book describes it like this:

"Suddenly, the pig head began to speak to Jack:

'What are you doing here alone? Aren't you afraid of me?' '

Simon shuddered.

'No one will help you, but me.'

Simon moved with difficulty. Mouth, I could barely hear the words:

'Pig's head on the stake'

'Don't think that beasts are something you can capture and kill!' said the pig's head. For a while, a funny laugh echoed in the forest and other vague places.

'You know it, don't you? Come here, come here! The reason? Why did things turn out like this? '

The laughter trembled again..."

In this conversation, the Lord of the Flies also Simon's unfortunate ending is predicted: "Jack, Roger, Maurice, Robert, Bill, Piggy, and Ralph will kill you."

Here, Simon is very clear I discovered that the real "beast" is actually deep in the heart of man, and is the manifestation of man's original evil and original sin. When he learned that the "beast" that had been misidentified on the top of the mountain was actually the body of the pilot, he insisted on going down the mountain to tell everyone the truth. But no one listened to him. He was beaten to death like a wild beast in a primitive and savage dance. Everyone, including Ralph, took part in the madness. .

The murder of Simon is the inevitable result of the malignant development of the "shadow" in the children's hearts, marking the destruction of their moral conscience. In their view, snakes, water monsters, monsters from the air, and even the wild boars they chased were all "wild beasts". They even cast their evil eyes on Simon and regarded him as a beast. So they killed Simon without any hesitation and without any qualms of conscience. The depravity of human nature and the loss of independent personality have caused these children to suffer the most severe blows, and the prophecy of "the beast" has been proved.

Because sin is only seen as something that happens to others or from the outside world, However, he has a "sacred" mission to fight for "justice", so the evil in his heart quickly turns into violent actions. A fierce fight occurs among a group of teenage children. Once the violence spreads, it cannot be suppressed. The whole ridiculous process must be completed when the blood flow is "enough". Soon, Piggy also became a "sacrifice" on the altar of the four directions, and the same fate almost befell Ralph, if he was not saved in time. , his head will also be stuck on a stake like a wild boar.

In a short period of time, the small island that was supposed to be a "paradise" turned into a "hell", causing serious consequences. It is the children themselves who are responsible for this disaster.

It can be seen that it does not matter what the "beast" that plays an important role in the book is, it just symbolizes human instinctive fear and evil.

IV

In 1983, William Gelding was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. The Swedish Academy stated that this was "because of his novels' clear realistic narrative art and A variety of myths with universal significance illuminate the human condition in today's world. "This sentence accurately interprets the artistic characteristics of "Lord of the Flies", which is the ingenious combination of realistic narrative narrative and symbolic system. The novel typically represents people's post-war thinking on human nature inspired by that ancient disaster. , aims to call for facing "the sad fact of human beings' own cruelty and greed" and to cure "human beings' shocking ignorance of their own nature", so as to establish sufficient awareness of the prevention of human evil.

Al Gore. What Ding shows us is a microcosm of the catastrophe of human society. As for the cause of the disaster, he attributes it to the evil of human nature. It is the evil of human nature that leads to the misfortune of human beings. The "beast" is the symbol of the evil of human nature. Because people always fail to face up to their own evil, tragedies happen again and again.

Taking the "innocent" child as the protagonist in people's impression may be able to reveal the most easily concealed and deepest side of human nature in a more profound way. The modern democratic consciousness cultivated by the boys in a civilized society has experienced a rapid decline process in a short period of time on this small island. Its root lies in the depravity of human nature and the disintegration of rational judgment and moral conscience.

Socrates said: "Know thyself", which is still an apocalyptic saying. In the history of human development, humans have indeed had a very unclear understanding of their own evil. To know oneself, the most profound thing is to understand one's own humanity. As the philosopher Li Ming said: "There is no way to know oneself better than to know one's own humanity, and there is no way to overcome oneself better than to overcome the weaknesses of one's own humanity and suppress the potential in one's own humanity. "

Ancient Western philosophers, especially religious prophets, are clear representatives of the inherent evil of human nature. They believe that all people are born with sin and must spend their lives to repent and atone for their sins. Only by believing in God can they gain success. The salvation of the soul is the theory of original sin. Ancient Chinese sages advocated the view that human nature is good. Mencius said: "There is no evil in human beings, and there is no water that cannot flow." Wang Yinglin of the Song Dynasty summed it up in the "Three Character Classic" as: "At the beginning of man's nature, he is inherently good." Chinese and Westerners They hold completely opposite views on the issue of whether human nature is inherently good or inherently evil. This huge difference in cultural traditions has profoundly affected the very different development paths and destinies of Chinese and Western cultures over a long period of time.

How should we understand human nature? Philosophers tell us that human nature unites in an original and indivisible sense the following three attributes. That is:

1. The first level of human nature: biological nature, biased toward evil;

2. The second level of human nature: sociality, both good and evil;

3. The third level of human nature: spirituality, inclined towards good.

Human nature is indivisible but can be divided by force. The purpose is to understand human nature more accurately. But the attributes of these three levels are not the average of three-one-thirty-one, otherwise it would still be difficult to distinguish between good and evil. In his philosophical work "The Double Helix of Human Nature", Chinese scholar Li Ming used a hypothetical axiom, that is, the longer something has a history, the greater its inertia and the less likely it is to change, and This inertia is directly proportional to the time it has been around. Li Ming used complex mathematical models to deduce, and the conclusion is:

90% of human nature is biased towards evil, and only 10% is biased towards good!

This is the overall estimate of the good and evil tendencies of human nature. If we use the method of historical comparison to reason, this conclusion can be further proved. In other words, Western scholars’ understanding of human nature is basically consistent with real human nature, and therefore their understanding of goodness is correspondingly true and effective. The ancient Chinese sages’ understanding of human nature was basically wrong and inconsistent with real human nature. Therefore, their views on goodness were just wishful thinking, false, ineffective, and “self-deceptive.” Ancient Chinese philosophers took the lead in going astray on the path of "knowing oneself." Therefore, Chinese culture has always been in a state of self-contradiction during its development of more than 2,000 years and has been unable to get out of this weird "situation."

Evil at the biological level of human beings mainly manifests as evil subconsciousness. At this level, everyone has the tendency to beggar his neighbor and benefit himself at the expense of others. That is, everyone naturally has the potential or tendency to do evil. . In social life, as long as people lack external pressure, this potential possibility will become an obvious possibility, resulting in real evil consciousness and even evil behavior. This is what we often call "original evil". Evil at the social level of human beings mainly manifests itself in conscious evil and behavioral evil, such as fraud, rape, theft, robbery, murder, etc. "Lord of the Flies" is the best interpretation of the evil of human nature. Ralph was in an evil environment. He gradually realized that the evil in human beings was threatening and devouring humanity. He and his companions were in a dilemma. Jack and the group of children he led continued to do evil and were like beasts, but in the end it was this group of beasts that destroyed and devoured everyone, making the children lose their humanity and become partners with them.

The primitive impulses in the human heart develop without limit under the guise of being glamorous and are recognized by more and more people. What it leaves people with is only fear, hostility and hatred, and life evolves into a lawless world. A struggle for power. This transitions from the evil at the biological level of human beings to the evil at the social level.

In ancient China, and even today, it would never be popular to say that human nature is inherently evil, or that people are born selfish. Yang Zhu said: "If a man does not serve himself, he will be punished by heaven and earth." This originally made a clear statement, but this view has been reviled for 2000 years and will never become the dominant thought. Mozi talked about "universal love", but Mencius denounced it as "fatherless", "no king" and "animal". Chinese people love to tell lies, talk beautifully, save face, and speak confidently. In fact, this started as early as the time of Confucius and Mencius. Just imagine, in a society composed of originally evil people, what would be the outcome if we preached "self-restraint and restoration of propriety", "purity of heart and few desires", and "superior wisdom and inferior foolishness"? It can only mean that evil people take over, good people suffer, and even their lives are in danger. As the poet Bei Dao said: "Being mean is the passport of the mean, and being noble is the epitaph of the noble." This sentence expresses the basic characteristics of Chinese culture. The saints have been lifted to the sky by the Chinese people of all generations and worshiped for two thousand years. However, the culture created by them was only used as a fig leaf by the rulers to do whatever they wanted. There are still people who are advocating "New Confucianism" and want their children to continue "reading scriptures". They have hit a wall and refuse to look back. There is no hope.