Big data helps smart cities improve urban management levels

Big data helps smart cities improve urban management levels

The continuous acceleration of the pace of urban construction has made my country's urban management increasingly valued by the government and society. However, it is inconsistent with the situation of accelerating urbanization. In comparison, there are still many management problems that cannot be ignored: the unrestricted expansion of urban scale and the rapid growth of urban population have caused serious problems in the process of urbanization, such as serious environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and social disorder. Faced with so many problems, the level of urban management determines the progress and quality of urbanization development. Therefore, to make urban management smarter and more effective, smart city construction is particularly important. The realization of smart cities requires comprehensive perception, information sharing and intelligent problem solving, and the use of informatization, intelligence, refinement, visualization and other scientific and technological means in the process of urban planning, construction, management and operation to promote management innovation .

Big data helps smart cities improve urban management levels in many aspects

With the continuous emergence of the Internet and new media, as well as the rise of cloud computing, the Internet of Things and other technologies, data is being used in It continues to grow and accumulate at an unprecedented speed, forming the big data we are talking about today. It has four characteristics: scale, diversity, speed and value. Big data is changing our lives, work and thinking, bringing a major era transformation to the development of human society. As an important strategic asset, big data has penetrated into every industry field and department to varying degrees. Its in-depth application not only helps corporate business activities, but also contributes to urban improvement through intelligent analysis and effective use of urban information. Provide decision-making support for management efficiency, resource conservation, environmental protection and sustainable development, and effectively promote the harmonious coexistence between various elements of the urban system, thereby improving the level of urban management and promoting the construction of smart cities.

1. Big data generated by city operations

A large amount of data will be generated every second during city operations, including structured data, such as data processed by commonly used Excel software; Unstructured data, such as web logs, videos, pictures, geographical location information, etc. Building an efficient urban operation monitoring system is an important means of collecting big data in urban operations. City operation monitoring relies on broadband metropolitan area networks and wireless communication networks, using modern communications (satellites, mobile phones, trunked phones), computer networks (Internet, LAN, WAN, etc.), 3S technology, sensors and other software and hardware architectures to integrate relevant city management The professional system is integrated on several platforms to realize the function of real-time collection and processing of massive data generated by various terminals and nodes, and to realize the sharing of data.

For example, the Shenzhen Environmental Sanitation Department conducts credit management for companies that serve road cleaning and municipal solid waste collection operations, conducts real-time GPS monitoring of waste transport vehicles, and improves road cleaning and municipal solid waste collection in the region. Collection operation service level. The Beijing Bus Card generates 40 million card swiping records every day, and the subway has 10 million passengers every day. Analyzing these data can improve urban traffic conditions; the urban management command center conducts 24-hour image monitoring and evidence collection in key areas to discover and solve problems in a timely manner. ; The overall dispatch of the urban management wireless communication system monitors the normal use of the entire wireless communication system in daily life, and mobilizes urban management law enforcement personnel at all levels to investigate and deal with illegal activities through wireless dispatch console control and GPS vehicle positioning systems to achieve rapid response; conduct joint logistics personnel Standardized management, location information can be set to be reported to the center from 5 seconds to 10 minutes, and when it exceeds the joint logistics range, it will automatically report to the duty center to effectively monitor team members' dynamics. The urban management hotline accepts reports and complaints from the public 24 hours a day, issues task orders through the urban management network and supervises the entire processing process. Kunshan City conducted mobile street view measurements on 360 kilometers of roads in the implementation area, and obtained more than 2 million real-life street photos, which can accurately measure the geometric dimensions of components.

2. Big data helps urban management

With the acceleration of urbanization in our country, the objects and scope of urban management have become more complex, such as the guarantee of water, electricity, gas, and communications, Urban transportation accessibility, environmental sanitation protection, disaster prevention, fire and theft prevention, emergency response management, etc. Building a risk management system based on various basic data can further improve the level of urban management, eliminate safety hazards and achieve rapid response. Digital city management is emerging in recent years, laying the foundation for the construction of smart cities.

As a gridded virtual physical platform, digital urban management uses modern information technology to collect and upload all aspects of city-related information including urban natural resources, social resources, infrastructure, humanities, economy, etc. to the information center, and then use the cloud to Technology stores various information in the form of data, which forms a big data system. The information center then analyzes and processes the big data and passes it to relevant departments for supervision and effective utilization.

(1) Big data helps improve the urban environment

Urbanization has caused an increase in urban waste and domestic garbage. China generates more than 100 million tons of garbage every year and is growing rapidly. At the same time, the development of urban industry and transportation has led to an increase in fossil fuel consumption, resulting in a large amount of toxic gases, smoke and dust being discharged into the atmosphere. According to statistics from the Beijing Health Bureau, the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing has doubled, which is directly related to PM2.5. Therefore, environmental governance issues are urgent. We advocate early prevention, timely detection and efficient processing, which requires the support of modern information technology and intelligent systems for source analysis, on-site monitoring, process control and early warning and forecasting. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of digital information processing technology and network communication technology to integrate and make full use of various digital information and information resources that affect the urban environment, so as to digitize, network, and virtual simulate the complex system of the urban ecological environment. Conduct in-depth analysis and processing of big data to achieve visualization, thereby providing scientific basis for government environmental governance decision-making.

For example, monitoring data can be used to analyze how much of PM2.5 is caused by dust, how much is emitted by motor vehicles, how much is caused by heating systems, etc. It can be closely integrated with the weather forecast system, so that when pollution signs appear, plans can be taken to close the pollution source in time. Beijing Haidian District has implemented refined management based on data, using the geographical information platform (GIS) to conduct comprehensive query, statistics and visual display of the collected basic data. Achieve full attribute, multi-mode query and map display of 1.4 million basic data in 7 major categories and 102 sub-categories in the region and more than 1 million case data in the integrated system of the three centers. This provides detailed and reliable data support for analyzing and solving environmental order improvement problems in Haidian District. Multi-mode map query of more than 2,000 video camera points in the region can retrieve relevant images in real time and achieve full-layer data association. By retrieving and overlaying data from each layer and digging deeper, the value hidden behind these data can be presented from different angles. In this way, the system map can accurately display the frequency and key points of the problem of dumping garbage and soil in various streets and towns in the district, thereby providing powerful information support for the district government to comprehensively grasp and focus on solving such problems. For another example, by overlaying the data on garbage bin parts in the entire district with the layers that expose garbage problems, problems such as unreasonable garbage bin configurations can be analyzed.

(2) Big data can help alleviate traffic pressure

The car has been regarded as a symbol of freedom since its birth, but its inventor should not have expected that now However, cars have fallen into a reversal law - people almost waste their time in traffic jams and waiting for traffic lights. The "IBM Global Traffic Pain Index Report" shows that Beijing is listed as the most painful city in the world for commuting with a very high score of 99 points. Traffic congestion has become a prominent problem affecting Beijing's urban operation efficiency and residents' lives. The carrying capacity of transportation infrastructure is seriously overloaded, and the transportation capacity of the public transportation system is saturated. But corresponding to this fact is that among major cities in the world, Beijing’s per capita car ownership and absolute number are not the highest. There is no doubt that the problem lies in the design, planning and management of road traffic. The arrival of the big data era has provided a prescription for solving traffic problems. Different from traditional data collection methods, big data in the cloud era can realize personalized, convenient and intelligent personal travel through real-time collection and analysis of data.

Currently, Shanghai is building a bus operation information release system supported by Internet of Things technology. Citizens can use smartphones to query bus routes and real-time operation information. Coincidentally, Nanjing runs a smart traffic cloud system, cloud video surveillance and intelligent analysis applications based on a powerful cloud platform, collects and processes 1,000 cameras in Nanjing in real time, and conducts real-time query and analysis of traffic data of 1.4 million motor vehicles in Nanjing. And proactively alert the police and notify users.

The construction of a comprehensive traffic information platform brings together static and dynamic information about road traffic, bus traffic and external traffic, and establishes a road traffic guidance system to guide vehicles to choose reasonable paths. Big data can provide the government with a basis for judgment on major project decisions, strengthen real-time warning research and judgment, improve the quality of public travel services, provide accurate and reliable traffic forecast information, effectively alleviate traffic congestion, and attract more people to use public transportation Transportation, improve the travel structure and reduce private car travel. Beijing's air condition has been deteriorating in recent years. If the traffic congestion problem can be solved, not only the economic benefits will be improved, but the city's air quality will also be improved.

(3) Big data helps to improve the emergency system

According to statistics, natural disasters, accidents and social security incidents cause millions of casualties and economic losses of 6,500 in my country every year. About 100 million yuan, accounting for 6% of my country’s GDP. When various police situations such as crimes, fires, and explosions occur in society, various emergency rescue events such as mass medical emergencies, coal, water and electricity repairs, sudden natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and tides, and various major emergencies such as social unrest and wars, etc. At this time, it is necessary for the government to coordinate and dispatch relevant departments to work together. With the continuous progress of society, the types of emergencies in society have become more complex and changeable, and traditional response mechanisms can no longer meet the needs of handling the increasing number of emergencies.

The urban emergency linkage system integrates wired communication dispatching system, wireless communication voice dispatching system, computer backbone network system, comprehensive alarm receiving and handling system, voice recording system, video image system, urban geographical information system, and moving target positioning system , mobile communication command vehicle system, computer room monitoring system, power supply system, etc. are integrated into one, with command and dispatch functions. Through the collection, processing and analysis of big data obtained by these technical means, unified alarm reception, rapid response and joint police handling can be achieved for emergency alarm, help and complaint calls.

The emergence of new media has further improved the urban emergency system. When the "7-21" heavy rainstorm occurred in Beijing, due to the large number of people seeking help, the rescue phone number was overwhelmed, and the trapped people were unable to get help, so they turned to the Weibo platform for help. The need for rescue can be determined by briefly text information such as person, time and place contained in Weibo. In addition, adding location data to Weibo can also realize map positioning, provide more accurate information for disaster relief, and improve the efficiency of disaster relief. During the Ya'an earthquake, in addition to Weibo once again highlighting the advantages of new media communication, WeChat groups and tracing platforms launched by major Internet companies also provided multi-channel support for disaster relief. However, the data of major websites are not interoperable, and the low accuracy and inefficiency of data have become the biggest drawbacks. To maximize the value of data, data must be online, public, shared, connected, and relevant. It can be seen from this that the disclosure and sharing of data is necessary and needs to be solved.

(4) The role of big data in promoting urban management under information sharing

In the past, there were no network and technical conditions to solve the problem of information resource sharing. These objective and subjective reasons have caused the phenomenon of "information islands" in urban construction. For the existing "information islands", the most practical way is "integration". Increase the public openness rate of government information resources, gradually develop public welfare information resources, make full use of market information resources and digital information resources, and build a number of complete categories of information resource databases, that is, big data. It can improve the application level and service capabilities of information technology in education, science and technology, medical care, social security, cultural construction, etc., thus promoting the vigorous development of social public services.

Existing databases in various government departments can achieve efficient interconnection to improve the collaborative working capabilities among government departments, improve the efficiency of serving the people, and significantly reduce government management costs. For example, there are as many as 180 million pension recipients in my country every year. After a considerable number of recipients pass away, their relatives or friends continue to receive pensions, causing huge financial losses to the country. With the help of big data technology, the data of the city's hospitals, civil affairs departments, social security departments, financial departments and other relevant management agencies are effectively integrated and associated. After the death of the recipient, his or her death information will be immediately available in the city's core data management database. Update: The financial department can clearly understand the latest situation of the recipients when distributing pensions, so as to eliminate the root causes of problems such as fraudulent claims and fraudulent claims. It can be seen that big data can greatly improve the "wisdom" level and scientific decision-making ability of government social management.

It is necessary to manage, maintain and deepen the application value of massive data in basic databases, turn massive data into truly effective data, make the data serve actual work, provide a basis for refined urban management, and provide effective support for scientific decision-making. The new information-based city management model encounters urgent problems that need to be solved in actual operation.

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