How to do a good job in ideological and political education for secondary vocational students

As a part of school education, vocational education is responsible for cultivating nation builders with various skills. In recent years, my country's social and economic development has accelerated, enterprises have increasingly demanded comprehensively developed high-quality skilled talents, and vocational education has also shown an unprecedented momentum of development. On the one hand, this provides good opportunities and conditions for the development of vocational colleges, and at the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for vocational colleges in terms of talent training. The study period in vocational colleges is a critical period for young people to grow up and become talents. In the process of professional and technical learning, ideological and political education is carried out to improve students' ideological and political qualities, professional ethics and legal qualities, and promote students' all-round development and the formation of comprehensive professional abilities.

Keywords secondary vocational students, ideological and moral countermeasures

The idea of ??comprehensive human development is an important part of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Realizing the all-round development of people is the highest state of human liberation, and it is also the fundamental task and ultimate goal of ideological and political education. Ideological and political education is not only the need for people's own development, but also the need for social development. It has always been an important part of school education. As a part of school education, vocational colleges are responsible for cultivating national builders with various skills. Therefore, according to It is particularly important for the Marxist theory of comprehensive human development to strengthen and innovate the ideological and political education work in vocational colleges. Today, when quality-oriented education is being fully implemented, vocational education, as an important form of quality-oriented education, objectively requires us to integrate theory with practice and carry out students' ideological education in a pragmatic and efficient manner. The work of the class teacher made me truly feel that without the ideological education of students, management is impossible; without ideological education in place, management will be difficult to achieve results. To manage students, we must first do a good job in students' ideological education. Next, I will talk about the content and methods of ideological education for secondary vocational students based on my own work reality.

1. The current ideological and moral situation of today’s secondary vocational students

Today’s secondary vocational students are different from high school students of the same age. Their goals are clearer and their learning content is more professional. They will also Enter the society earlier than high school students and end their school study career. The same age and different educational environment determine that the ideological and political education of secondary vocational students should not and cannot continue the ideological and political education of high school students. Under the conditions of market economy, secondary vocational students only pursue the practicality of technology and often ignore the fundamentals of ideological and political education, which are mainly manifested in the "five losses" and "five differences":

(1) Behavior Anomie: poor behavioral habits and self-control ability. There are "four no's": failure to protect public property, and damage to campus doors, windows, desks, chairs, railings, and gardens often occurs. Without caring about public hygiene, melon seed shells, peels, paper scraps, and discarded plastic bottles can be seen everywhere on campus; in the classroom, garbage left on desks can be found everywhere. They do not pay attention to the impact of public activities and make loud noises in public places such as conference venues and cinemas. The "suspenders" and "slippers" challenge campus culture. Disrespecting teachers, not taking the initiative to greet teachers when encountering them, and cooperating with the teacher's education management department.

(2) Lack of confidence: poor learning foundation and learning ability. Some secondary vocational students have not formed good study habits, have not found a suitable learning method for themselves, and lack motivation to learn. It has formed a chaos of "people can't learn well because they don't know how to learn, and they don't want to learn because they can't learn well". They become tired of studying and gradually form a vicious circle in their studies. The less they work hard, the worse their grades will be. The worse their grades are, the more they want to give up. They fall into the vicious circle of "repeated battles, repeated defeats, and repeated defeats."

(3) Psychological imbalance: Poor psychological quality and mental endurance.

Most secondary vocational students are a disadvantaged group that is often ignored in basic education. Scores divide students into third, sixth, and ninth grades. However, poor students often suffer from teachers' incompetence from elementary school to junior high school due to poor academic performance. , parents’ accusations and discrimination against “top students”. They lack a sense of superiority and develop depression and inferiority complex over time. Under this psychological influence, when their autonomy is ignored or their personality expansion is hindered, they behave at a loss, weird, and rebellious, and even use extreme behaviors to demonstrate their uneasiness, such as skipping classes, contradicting teachers, Fighting and other disciplinary violations attract the attention of teachers and parents.

(4) Loss of emotional control: poor self-discipline and willpower.

From a psychological point of view, secondary vocational school students think that they are about to go out to work and are half "social people". They pursue the "self" existing in their inner world and focus on discovering themselves and caring about their existence. . See yourself as an "adult", long for the same social status and power as an adult, and oppose subordinate status and authoritative interference. Psychologically, I want to get rid of my dependence on my parents and want to appear as an independent personality. Due to the rapid development of their physiology and psychology, they face many contradictions and confusions without preparation. They are often anxious and prone to sudden emotional out-of-control when encountering dissatisfaction or injustice. For example, in employment, some students become depressed after several unsuccessful interviews and lose the courage to interview again; although some students are recruited, they dislike the poor working conditions or encounter some difficulties, so they want to resign or even quit their jobs. Back to school or home.

(5) Consumption loss: poor self-management and restraint abilities. As the saying goes: "Life has its limits. The mistake lies in under-measurement. The bad thing lies in overdoing it. The good thing lies in moderation." However, some secondary vocational students do not put their time and energy into studying. Instead, they focus on "things outside themselves" and they squander it. Waste and excessive consumption are usually caused by high-end food, brand-name clothing, and popular entertainment. They are ignorant and show off by comparison. In terms of consumption, we advocate four "alignments": food consumption is aligned with advertising, clothing consumption is aligned with celebrities, entertainment consumption is aligned with fashion, and human consumption is aligned with adults.

It is not difficult to see that contemporary secondary vocational students have the following contradictions:

(1) The contradiction between ideal and reality: the ideal is very full, the reality is very backbone, the former college dream has changed There is no hope of success, and the disillusionment of their dreams makes them decadent.

(2) The contradiction between independence and dependence: They pursue self-independence and development and do not succumb to the "powerful" interference of teachers and parents. However, they are immature in thinking and rely on adult guidance and education; they are not financially independent. , unable to break away from the financial support of the family; unable to take care of one's own life, parents are still a strong safe haven, and return to the greenhouse when encountering small difficulties and setbacks in society.

(3) The contradiction between self-esteem and inferiority: before entering secondary vocational schools, due to their relatively lagging grades, they positioned themselves: in front of those with outstanding scores, they were "poor students"; in front of relatives and friends , they are "problem students"; in society, they look like "little gangsters". His studies were poor and his ideals were bleak, so he broke everything, lost his self-esteem, and developed an inferiority complex.

2. Countermeasures for the ideological and moral construction of secondary vocational students

Doing a good job in students' ideological and political work is the primary task of secondary vocational schools in terms of talent training. This is the comprehensive improvement of secondary vocational schools. Determined by the inevitable requirements of educational effectiveness. In view of the ideological status quo and unique ambivalence of secondary vocational students, we will seize the opportunity to provide ideological and moral education to students, and through the "1, 2, 3, 4, 5" measures, we will deliver to the society the technical skills of "valuing knowledge, more emphasis on ability, and especially emphasis on moral character" Professional talents.

1. Focusing closely on “one goal”

The goal of moral education is the starting point and foothold of moral education work. In December 2014, the Ministry of Education revised the "Moral Education Outline for Secondary Vocational Schools" released in 2004, clarifying that the goal of moral education in secondary vocational schools is to train students to be patriotic, have dreams, abide by laws and regulations, and have good morals. Qualified socialist citizens with good character and civilized behavioral habits, become high-quality workers and technical and skilled talents who are dedicated, loving their work, honest and friendly, with a sense of social responsibility, innovative spirit and practical ability, and become qualified builders and reliable successors of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics people.

Whether the goal of moral education is achieved depends on whether the student education and management team implements the work effectively. All school management departments are important participants in student education and management. The class teacher is a direct participant in student education and management, and is also a supervisor of the development of various student activities. It plays a decisive role in student education and management. Therefore, class teachers must adhere to a people-oriented approach, take improving students' ideological, moral and professional skills as the starting point, and strive to practice the educational concept of "laying a solid foundation for students' career development and lifelong learning" to promote students' all-round development and skill improvement.

2. Adhere to walking on "two legs"

The student management team and the teacher teaching team are the backbone of the implementation of students' ideological and political work. They complement each other and are indispensable.

The two major groups are like the two legs of a person. Only by fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of the two major groups, strengthening communication and cooperation between them, and forming a good situation of joint management throughout the school can students' ideological and political education be realized. The goal of work is to "take big steps forward".

The "student management team" is the management team of the "student ideological and political management department-student cadres-class". The student ideological and political department conducts centralized education and key training for students, and student cadres implement management methods and management methods into class management to ensure that student work is carried out in an orderly manner.

The "teaching team" is to improve students' ideological level and improve students' comprehensive ability through teacher teaching. Provide students with ideological and political education, moral education, legal education, career and career ideal education, and mental health education to improve students' ideological and political quality, professional ethics and legal quality, and promote students' all-round development and the formation of comprehensive professional abilities.

3. Actively carry out "Three-Self Education"

The "self-management ability of secondary vocational students" is mainly reflected in: secondary vocational students are discovering their own value, exploring their own potential, and establishing self-development. The psychological awareness and behavioral abilities that promote individuals to adapt to social development are formed in the process of achieving goals, controlling one's own behavior, and achieving free development. "Three-Self Education" is the three levels of self-management ability cultivation for secondary vocational students. The main content is "self-management education", "self-cultivation education" and "free development education".

(1) The first level is students’ “self-management” education. The main purpose is to carry out "self-care, self-discipline and self-motivation" education for students and cultivate students' independent spirit and will.

The first is the cultivation of self-care ability. Classes can regularly organize inspection and evaluation activities such as laundry, folding quilts, dormitory housekeeping, and classroom environment layout to cultivate students' hands-on ability and collective concepts.

The second is the cultivation of behavioral self-discipline. Most students entering secondary vocational schools have a weak cultural foundation, scattered behavioral habits, large differences in psychological personality, and weak self-discipline ability. To complete their transformation from junior high school students to secondary vocational students, they must be guided by adult thinking in their thinking and constrained by the norms of primary school students in their behavior. Improve the level of behavioral evaluation through inspections, evaluations, and quantitative assessment methods, and gradually shift from heteronomy to self-discipline.

The third is the education of "self-motivation" psychology. There are not only low self-esteem due to factors such as the growth environment, family economics, and cultural background, but also low self-esteem due to factors such as long-term lagging academic performance and discrimination in secondary vocational schools. A considerable number of students lack self-confidence in learning knowledge and have a negative living status. , passive, lack of self-discipline and control ability, it is particularly important to carry out self-motivation education for secondary vocational students to establish their determination of career goals and yearning for future life.

(2) The second level is students’ “self-cultivation” education. The main purpose is to provide students with moral education of "self-esteem, self-love, and self-respect", requiring students to improve their moral character, pursue progress in their thinking, and be kind and self-loving in communication.

First, give play to the guiding role of external factors. Self-cultivation of character is formed, developed and expressed by students in self-education activities. It is necessary to make full use of publicity tools such as radio, television, newspapers, blackboards, and bulletin boards, and adopt various forms such as special topics, lectures, theme meetings, watching movies, visiting exhibitions, holding knowledge contests, essay contests, etc., to organize students to visit and practice, and experience society In life, pursue truth, goodness and beauty, cultivate noble sentiments, and constantly improve the awareness of self-education. We must make honesty, trustworthiness, respect for teachers, love for school, compliance with rules, discipline, unity, integrity and other related values ????to become the standard of "self-cultivation" education.

The second is to give play to the leading role of internal factors. Guide students to strengthen their self-cultivation by writing diaries, setting mottos, reading books, and conducting self-examination according to their own plans. It is necessary to enable students to combine the cultivation of self-management ability with personal development and hobbies, closely link colorful activities with lofty ideals, and strengthen the training and formation of personality quality.

(3) The third level is students’ “free development” education. "Everyone's free and all-round development" is the highest social value in China in the new era. "Individual free development" is also the biggest embodiment of the value and meaning of life, and is the highest state of life development.

The core of "free development" education is the cultivation and education of students' independent consciousness and free will. The main content is students' life planning and career planning and design education, and it can educate students to be independent and positive around life planning and design. Pay attention to action, through scientific curriculum, active and effective classroom practice, rich and useful team activities, planned internship internships, exercise their skills, broaden their horizons, increase their experience, and cultivate their independent and socially oriented thinking from the campus. Confidence and courage, educate them to establish a correct outlook on life and values, establish scientific and lofty ideals and ambitions, hone their will, strengthen their beliefs, and require them to dare to take responsibility and be a person who contributes to society and the family.

4. Effectively realize the "four combinations"

(1) Effectively combine ideological and political work with theoretical classes.

Theoretical study in the classroom is the foundation of ideological and political work. Especially in ideological and political courses, it is necessary to avoid two extremes, three "notes" and four "optimizations".

Extreme one: "balloon style" classroom teaching. Some teachers only use a single form of lecture-based teaching to impart knowledge and problem-solving skills. What students get is a temporary expansion of knowledge and improvement of problem-solving skills, and most of them are returned to the teacher after the exam. This is the "balloon style" Classroom teaching. Students are like "balloons". During the study period, the teacher constantly blows into the "balloon" of students, blowing it to a certain extent and letting it float in the air. Slowly the balloon deflates, and the students' minds are still empty.

Extreme two: "onion style" classroom teaching. The ideological and political teaching content itself is relatively boring. In order to attract students' attention, teachers use colorful teaching methods, but they accidentally become "onion-style" classroom teaching, that is, various forms of teaching methods are used in turn, but There is no real teaching content. Just like peeling off the layers of an onion, the valuable "core" never emerges. Students only get the joy of class but not the essence of learning.

Pay attention to "looking at each other from beginning to end", situation introduction and classroom summary are all accompanied by training; pay attention to "appropriate difficulty", combined with students' cognitive level, "you can pick peaches by picking one"; pay attention to "form" "Various", questions, retellings, oral examinations, written examinations, debates, etc. are organically combined, but not overlapping.

Optimize the "knowledge structure", clarify cognitive capacity, the key points of ideological education, and the focus of skill training; optimize the "time structure", reasonably allocate time for reading, discussion, lectures, and practice; optimize the "information structure" ", "teaching-learning" information is two-way, teachers and students actively interact and cooperate tacitly; optimize the "training structure" and optimize the content, methods and steps of training.

(2) Effective combination of ideological and political work and practical classroom.

Practice requires teaching to reflect "people-oriented". Practical teaching is an important breakthrough to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of ideological and political theoretical course teaching, and is an effective way to improve the ideological and political quality of secondary vocational students. In order to implement the teaching goals, tasks and measures of ideological and political work, maximize the enhancement, improvement and sustainability of the effectiveness of ideological and political education teaching, and maximize the integration of various educational resources in the implementation of ideological and political course teaching In order to improve the ability and educational effect, we must strengthen the practical teaching of ideological and political theoretical courses and strengthen the practical teaching process with "students as the main body, practice as the center, and society as the platform".

Practical teaching must reflect "internalization and practice." Ideological and political work should integrate the school's student management, student ideological and political work, student campus cultural activities and ideological and political theoretical course teaching resources to form a joint force; integrate the school's existing moral education resources, and use the conditions of professional training to enable students to practice in professional training Simultaneously complete the practical teaching of ideological and political courses; use students to simultaneously experience and improve their political quality, ideological quality, moral quality, legal quality and psychological quality during the professional skills training process, embodying "practical experience" and "internalized practice" An effective model for practical teaching of ideological and political theory courses.

Practical teaching should reflect "characteristic classroom". Relying on the school Youth League Committee, we vigorously carry out special second classroom activities. The school Youth League Committee is an important carrier of the school's ideological and political education, campus culture and social practice activities. The school Youth League Committee must also rely on student associations to do a good job in the construction of the second classroom, with the purpose of improving students' professional quality, improving comprehensive quality as a guide, and cultivating students' personal qualities. Sentiment, cultivating students’ practical ability, innovation ability, employability, and entrepreneurial ability.

Introduce the old and create the new, making the second classroom truly a stage for students to cultivate their abilities and display their talents. At the same time, students are organized to "enter the company" to experience the company's employment standards first-hand, clarify the direction of learning, improve learning motivation, and restrain themselves according to professional ethics; mobilize students to actively participate in volunteer service activities, and cultivate a sense of mission and responsibility to contribute to society. , feel the true meaning of "I contribute, I am happy"; encourage students to use their holidays to participate in part-time work practice, understand society, experience life, understand the requirements of moral education in social practice classes, find their own "shortcomings" in moral education and professional skills, and more Exercise yourself in a targeted manner.

(3) Effectively integrate ideological and political work with students’ daily ideological education.

Grasp entrance education. During military training for new students, strict requirements and diligent management are required to strengthen the concept of discipline and cultivate a sense of unity. At the same time, we carry out study manuals, knowledge systems, and professional education to help new students establish their career ideals and goals.

Focus on theme education. For all students, use holidays and anniversaries to carry out patriotism and collectivism education. We use flag-raising ceremonies, special lectures, etc. to conduct special education. Different grades determine different educational themes, and make them serialized, integrated, scientific, long-term, and institutionalized through class meetings and group meetings, thereby improving students' ideological understanding.

Grasp regular education. The first is to create a strong learning atmosphere. Use political classes, slogans, campus broadcasts, electronic screens, speeches and other forms to publicize the typical deeds of advanced figures inside and outside the school. The second is to enrich education methods. Use various forms of education, such as student conferences, class meetings, student union meetings, class cadre meetings, and individual conversations with students, to emphasize the importance of diligent study and skill improvement, and to stimulate students' consciousness and initiative in learning. The third is to cultivate outstanding student cadres. Actively explore the model of student management, pay attention to the guidance and management of student union cadres, and do a good job in the selection and selection of student cadres. It is necessary to increase the education and training of student cadres, regularly train the main cadres of the student union, continuously improve the management level of student cadres, strengthen the management of student cadres, and establish a good image of student cadres. The fourth is to carry out a number of evaluation activities to stimulate students' sense of participation and ownership, cultivate students' collectivism and social responsibility, and enrich and adjust students' learning and extracurricular life. For example, dormitory layout evaluation, classroom layout evaluation, civilized class collective evaluation, civilized individual evaluation, etc. It is also necessary to carry out targeted reporting or display activities on students' basic professional skills.

(4) Effective combination of ideological and political work and family education.

Family education runs through the process of comprehensive human development. It not only has an important impact on a person's life, but also has an all-round impact on human development. Family education has enlightenment, affinity, lifelong and authoritative. Family ideological and political education is the premise and foundation of school ideological and political education, and school ideological and political education is an important supplement and extension of family ideological and political education. Only when schools and parents form a united front in ideological and political education can we cultivate students with all-round development of intelligence and moral abilities. It is necessary to achieve two "abandonments" and three "exercises".

Abandon the educational philosophy of “emphasis on material care and underemphasis on spiritual care”, and abandon the “fractions-only theory” of “achieving good grades and undervaluing moral education”.

Give full play to the continuity role of family education and establish the concept of lifelong education; give play to the guiding role of family education and light up the enlightenment light of parents in a timely manner; give play to the supervisory role of family education, which not only embodies flexible guidance, but also Adhere to rigid guidance.

5. Grasp the "five key points" of the work

(1) Cultivate leading geese

Student cadres are the backbone and backbone of students and are teachers. A bridge and link for polar communication between students. It is an important force in the implementation of education and management work in schools. The effectiveness of the student cadre team and the quality of the student cadre team are directly related to the realization of the school's ideological and political work goals. It is advocated for student cadres to establish three kinds of awareness and cultivate one ability:

Establish political awareness. Student cadres are ideologically and politically sharper than ordinary students, and can consciously follow the teachings of the party and the league, and talk about study, politics, and integrity. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the ideological and political cultivation of student cadres and improve the level of ideological theory and policy.

Establish a sense of responsibility. Responsibility depends on recognizing people; performing duties and responsibilities is what everyone must do. Student cadres can not only be close to their classmates, respond to their urgent needs, and need their needs; they must also report problems to the organization and teachers in a timely manner, and stand at a certain height to raise, analyze, and solve problems.

Establish a sense of service. We should regard serving students as the starting point of student cadre work and truly realize the purpose of "everything for students, for all students, and for everything for students." At the same time, the consciousness of integrated promotion and pioneering and innovation should be reflected in learning and carrying out various activities, and the influence, cohesion and driving force of student cadres should be given full play.

Develop work ability. Focus on cultivating the communication skills, organizational management skills, decision-making innovation skills, adaptability, and teamwork skills of student cadres. They are "individually like eagles and the team is like geese." , a new force that can win the war.

(2) Grasping the direction of public opinion

Only when correct public opinion is formed in the whole school, students can identify wrongdoing, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, support the good and suppress the evil, and resist the development of bad thoughts and habits. Only through erosion can the class collective have huge educational power. "Sneak into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently." The campus is an important place for teachers and students to live in school, and an important source of influence on the quality of learning. Schools must consciously use the latent mechanism of the campus to explore educational content, such as committing to campus Greening, purification, and fragrance construction; setting up cultural and educational projects such as class conventions, learning gardens, works corners, reading corners, honor lists, wisdom trees, celebrity statues, etc. to create a humanistic atmosphere of "life dialogue" so that every wall can speak. Thereby improving the quality of the cultural environment for teachers and students to live in school

(3) Strengthening behavioral training

The development of civilized behavior lies in the accumulation of daily bits and pieces, and positive reinforcement is the key to behavioral education , Ideological and political work should be implemented in three aspects based on the class as a unit

First, incorporate behavioral education into class meetings and turn students’ behavioral education into purposeful, planned, and persevering activities.

Second, establish an inspection team and staff it with full-time student cadres so that students’ behavior can be managed on a targeted basis.

Third, set an example and lead the way by example. Give full play to the charisma of role models, inspire students to consciously compare themselves with role models, carry forward their strengths, overcome shortcomings, correct bad behaviors, and gradually develop towards role models.

(4) Transformation of underachievers

Strengthening the transformation education of underachievers is an unshirkable responsibility for every educator, and it is also an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Ideological and political work plays a special role in transforming the moral concepts of underachievers and cultivating the ideological and moral qualities of underachievers. Bloom, an American educational psychologist, said: "The reason for the formation of underachievers is the accumulation of teaching food." In the class, they rarely participate in the teaching process. In terms of noun, they always occupy the last few, and ideological evaluation In fact, they are always hovering on the edge of passing. Being unmotivated to go to school leads to poor grades, and the halo effect of poor grades makes it easy for the student to be labeled as having poor behavior and poor quality. As a result, students with "poor grades, poor behavior, and poor quality" are even more unmotivated to go to school and become a "thorn in the teacher's side" ", the "black sheep" of the class. Internal factors determine external factors. The only breakthrough in this vicious cycle is to influence the "internal factors" and strengthen ideological and political education to form a virtuous circle of "correct thoughts, stronger ambition, improved grades, and more confidence."

(5) Democratic Management of Classes

Tao Xingzhi also specifically talked about the four benefits of self-governance in "Student Self-Government": "First, student self-government can contribute to the cultivation of moral ethics. Experiment. Second, student self-government can adapt to the needs of students. Third, student self-governance can assist the improvement of discipline. "

Democratic management of the class is reflected in democratic elections. That is, class committee cadres, class representatives, contestants, three good students, and various outstanding achievements are all democratically elected. Through reasonable procedures, students will vote to produce "elected representatives" that they are satisfied with.

Democratic management of the class is reflected in democratic decision-making. Students are the masters of the class. Various affairs of the class, such as class development goals, management regulations, activity organization, class fee expenses, etc., should be implemented based on collective discussions among students, eliminating differences, and unifying opinions before implementation.

Democratic management of classes is reflected in democratic evaluation. In order to achieve objective, fair, reliable and comprehensive evaluation, individual evaluation must be combined with group evaluation. As a member of the class, the class teacher should also be placed in the evaluation of the group. For collective evaluation, students should actively participate and all members should participate.

Secondary vocational education highlights its unique "vocational nature" and shoulders the important task of cultivating social talents, cultivating students' professional spirit and moral education.

Ideological and political education work should penetrate into other education and be closely linked with other education. It should take improving the professional ethics of secondary vocational students as its basic goal and cultivate students' correct behavioral habits and sound personality. Vocational schools can only strictly implement the "One Only through the "2345" measures can we better provide the society with technical professionals who "emphasize knowledge, more emphasis on ability, and especially emphasis on moral character."

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