Who can introduce the life course of a dollar coin? _

1 948 65438+February1,the People's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB, with denomination of * * * 12, 62nd edition. Among them, there are 2 kinds of 1 yuan coupons, 4 kinds of 5 yuan coupons, 4 kinds of 10 yuan coupons, 7 kinds of 20 yuan coupons, 7 kinds of 50 yuan coupons, 5 kinds of 100 yuan coupons, 6 kinds of 200 yuan coupons, 6 kinds of 500 yuan coupons, 6 kinds of 1000 yuan coupons and 5 kinds of 5,000 yuan coupons.

The unified issuance of RMB is an important measure to welcome national liberation. It wiped out all kinds of currencies issued by the Kuomintang government, ended decades of inflation under the rule of the Kuomintang and the history of China's foreign currency and gold and silver coins circulating in the market for nearly a hundred years, promoted the overall victory of the people's liberation war, and played an important role in the economic recovery period in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Second series of the renminbi

The second set of RMB was issued on March 1955 1, and the first set of RMB was recovered. The conversion ratio of the second set of RMB to the first set of RMB is 1: 10000. The second set of RMB * * * has 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 3 yuan, 5 yuan, 1 1 denomination, in which/kloc-0. In order to facilitate circulation, from 1 957 65438+February 1, three coins of1,2 and 5 cents were issued, which were equivalent to paper. On March 25th 196 1 and April 20th 1962, black 1 yuan coupons and brown 5 yuan coupons were issued respectively, and the faces and patterns were adjusted and changed. Due to the high technical requirements of large denomination banknotes, the Soviet Union printed 35 10 yuan at that time.

The second set of RMB has a distinctive design theme, advanced printing technology, reasonable structure of main and auxiliary coins and novel design color. The main scene pattern embodies the characteristics of socialist construction in new China, and shows the struggle course of proletarian revolution in China and the theme of great unity of people of all ethnic groups in China. In the printing process, except coins, other coupons are overprinted with rubber gravure printing. Gravure printing plate is made by traditional hand carving method in China, which has a unique national style. Its advantages are deep pattern, thick ink layer and good anti-counterfeiting and anti-counterfeiting functions.

the third series of rmb

The third set of RMB was issued on April 20th, 1962. * * There are seven denominations of RMB 1, 2, 5, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 5 yuan and 10. There are four versions of RMB 1. In 1966 and 1967, 1 corner note has been modified twice, mainly by adding a full-page watermark and adjusting the background color.

The third set of positive patterns of RMB embodies the policy that China's national economy is based on agriculture, industry-led, and agriculture pays equal attention. In printing technology, the third set of RMB inherits and develops the technical tradition and style of the second set of RMB. In the process of plate making, elaborate carving, combining machines with traditional handwork, make patterns and patterns fine; Ink color matching is reasonable, and the color is novel and bright; The tissue paper is small and the pattern is beautiful and generous.

This set of RMB is the most socialist and innovative currency in the world. The theme screen is closely related to the improvement of productivity and is rich in scientific and technological elements. This set of RMB issuance is in the era of planned economy, and currency issuance is considered to be a major event directly related to the national economic life and consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat. The socialist planned economy requires that production, circulation, distribution and consumption should be carried out in a planned way. Therefore, currency issuance and material distribution are strictly balanced and arranged by the central government (instead of the People's Bank of China under the dictatorship of all rules). It adheres to currency unification, consolidates an independent and long-term stable currency and becomes a rare stable currency in the world.

the fourth series of rmb

In order to meet the needs of economic development, further improve China's monetary system and facilitate circulation and transaction accounting, the People's Bank of China issued the fourth set of RMB on April 27th, 1987. * * * There are nine denominations of 1, 2, 5, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 5 yuan, 10, 50 yuan and 100, of which 1, 5, 1 yuan has two kinds of banknotes and coins. It is 50 100 yuan more than the third set of RMB. In order to meet the needs of anti-counterfeiting RMB, on August 20th, 1992, the revised 1990 version of 50 yuan RMB and 100 coupon were issued, which increased the security line.

The fourth set of RMB has some innovations and breakthroughs in design concept, style and printing technology. The main landscape pattern embodies the theme of the Communist Party of China (CPC) leading China to build a Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In terms of design style, this set of RMB keeps and develops the traditional features of China national art. The pattern on the back of the main currency is based on China's scenic spots and historical sites, famous mountains and rivers, and the back decoration is decorated with patterns rich in China's national characteristics. In the printing process, the main scene is all watermarked by large portraits, and the carving process is complicated; Banknote paper adopts full-page watermark and fixed portrait watermark respectively, which not only shows the line picture, but also shows the light and dark level. The technology is very high, which further improves the printing technology level and anti-counterfeiting ability of banknotes in China.

the fifth set of rmb

1999 65438+ 10/month 1, the People's Bank of China successively issued the fifth set of RMB. * * There are eight kinds of RMB: 1, 50, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10, 20 yuan, 50 yuan and 100. According to the needs of market circulation, the fifth set of RMB increased the denomination of 20 yuan and cancelled the denomination of 2 yuan, making the denomination structure more reasonable.

The fifth set of RMB inherits the traditional experience of printing technology in China and draws lessons from the advanced technology of foreign banknote design, which greatly improves the anti-counterfeiting performance and adapts to the modernization of currency processing. The front of each denomination currency adopts the head of President Mao Zedong in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the background adopts the famous flower patterns of China. The main landscape patterns on the back fully show the long history and magnificent mountains and rivers of China and promote the great culture of the Chinese nation by selecting representative patterns with national characteristics.

Ordinary commemorative coin

Ordinary commemorative coins are limited-edition RMB with a specific theme. The People's Bank of China issued the first set of 65,438 to 0,984 ordinary commemorative coins, and has issued 63 sets of 75 ordinary commemorative coins, with a total circulation of about 850 million. These commemorative coins are rich in themes, unique in design, diverse in specifications and materials, novel and beautiful in design, with denominations ranging from 1, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10, 50 yuan, and 100, which condense the brilliant achievements and major historical events of the people of China for more than 50 years into a square inch commemorative coin. These commemorative coins are an important part of the RMB series, enriching and perfecting China's monetary system, carrying forward China's monetary culture, and constantly exploring and innovating, which has played a positive role in promoting commodity circulation and economic development and expanding foreign exchanges.

other

Legal tender issued by the People's Bank of China. In yuan (circle). 1948 12 1 released. Take ￥ as the code, and take the first letter of the Chinese phonetic alphabet Yuan, two lines. After the issuance, the local currency issued by the liberated areas was recovered one after another, and all of them were recovered in April of 195 1. Subsequently, all kinds of currencies issued by the Kuomintang government were eliminated by the exchange method. In order to establish an independent and unified RMB market, the state stipulates that gold, silver and foreign currencies are prohibited from circulating in the market. After controlling the persistent inflation since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in order to maintain the long-term stability of the RMB value and eliminate the remnants of inflation, the state began to issue new RMB from 1 March 953 1, which was converted into1depreciation of SGD 10000, and prices, wages and all debts were also converted into this. The denominations of RMB tickets are 100 yuan, 50 yuan, 10 yuan, 5 yuan, 2 yuan, 1 yuan, 50 cents, 20 cents, 1 yuan, 50 cents and 0 cents respectively. Foreign exchange certificates are negotiable instruments with the equivalent value of RMB within the specified range, and stopped circulating on July 1995+0.

1947 65438+ On February 2nd, I sat on a heatable kang in a peasant cave in northern Shaanxi and received a telegram from Dong of the Central Working Committee: "I have sent Nan to Bohai Sea to discuss with Zhang and Deng the specific measures for setting up a bank. The name of the bank is proposed as China People's Bank. If it is possible, please consider showing compliance. I hope the name will be decided early, and it will be used when printing money. Committee has agreed to ... "Mao Zedong read it and handed it to Zhou Enlai sitting across the table.

Zhou Enlai said after reading it: "The opinion of South Chen Han is that it is imperative to establish a unified national bank and currency." Mao Zedong said with a smile, "It's a bit like Eight-Nation Alliance going to Beijing. We use border coins in Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan-Hebei, Shandong-Beihai, Northeast China and Northwest China. Once in Tianjin and Beiping, seven or eight currencies will be listed together! However, it is too early to set up a national unified bank ... "Zhou Enlai replied to the telegram according to Mao Zedong's opinion.

After receiving the reply from the Central Committee, Dong immediately called and said: "It is too early to set up a national unified bank, but the preparations cannot be relaxed. The Working Committee has studied that starting from tomorrow, the brand of the preparatory office of the People's Bank of China will be hanged, and you will take the lead as the director of the preparatory office. "

Nan said: "The preparatory work to be done now includes collecting all the unified currency issuance policies, collecting the issuance indicators of the liberated areas, and preparing enough issuance reserves. We also need to determine several denominations, the amount and value content of each denomination, as well as the design of printed version patterns, paper selection, etc ... Since the Central Committee and Chairman Mao agreed with us that the unified bank is called China People's Bank, then our currency is called' RMB'. "

Dong nodded and said, "This name is very good, which explains the nature of our bank and our currency. Since it belongs to the people, it is not a certain region or department, but must belong to the country and the people of the whole country! "

Nan appreciates Dong's explanation very much. He was shrewd and thorough, so he said, "At that time, you will write the words People's Bank of China on the banknotes."

1947 65438+In late February, the sign of the preparatory office of the People's Bank of China was hung in the yard of a small farmer in Jiayu Village, one mile away from Xibaipo, Pingshan County.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/948, the preparatory office moved to Shijiazhuang, just in time for the bombing by Kuomintang planes. The comrades in the preparatory office rushed to rescue the printed spare materials such as RMB in the roar of shrapnel, and Nan took the lead in handling and rescuing in the sea of fire. Nobody takes care of personal safety.

One day, Dong found out and said, "The comrades of the Central Working Committee have seen all the RMB samples you designed. I telegraphed Chairman Mao the other day and told him that the front of the ticket was printed with a portrait of Chairman Mao.

The chairman telegraphed back today and refused to print his image on the ticket board. The chairman said that the tickets were issued by the government, not by the party. I am now the chairman of the party, not the government, so I can't print it on the ticket. Let's talk about it when I become the chairman of the government in the future. Chen Han, take the tickets back and have them redesign. "

"Then, what kind of design should I change into on the ticket face?" South Chen Han asked.

Dong thought about it and said, "RMB is the people's own currency, which should mainly reflect the industrial and agricultural production of the people in the liberated areas." In addition, it should be noted that RMB is the currency of New China.

We are an independent country. Except for the necessary Arabic numerals, all tickets are written in Chinese, and English characters cannot be mixed like some currencies. "

Nan went back and told designers Wang Yijiu and Shen Naiyong that the paper money had been redesigned according to Dong's opinion, and brought some words written by Dong, "China People's Bank" and the amount of money.

The two designers quickly designed three kinds of ticket boards: ten yuan, twenty yuan and five yuan. All the patterns are made by workers and farmers. The front of the change: on the left is the farmer's car water, and on the right is the mining institute; The positive side of the change: on the left, farmers pull donkeys to transport goods, and on the right, trains running on the railway; The front of samurai yuan: the water in the donkey well on the left and the coal car in the coal mine on the right. Even the denominations of 100 yuan, 200 yuan, 500 yuan, 1000 yuan, 5,000 yuan, and 10000 yuan were issued later, which still followed the structure of industrial and agricultural production.

When the second set of RMB was released in 1953, it was designed by the famous painter Luo. At the beginning, they referred to the practice of printing Lenin's head with Soviet currency, and all kinds of ticket plates designed were also portraits of Chairman Mao. Mao Zedong approved it and rejected it. When he was submitted to trial for the second time, Zhou Enlai still put forward some amendments.

It turned out that in the great national unity of Wuyuan Voucher, some people held high the portrait of Chairman Mao, and Zhou Enlai instructed: Chairman Mao's opinions should not be painted with his portrait, and there are still portraits here, so they should be changed into placards. In Tiananmen Square, there used to be a red flag, colored lights and a portrait of Chairman Mao as the main scene of the one-yuan coupon. Zhou Enlai also instructed the portrait to be taken down.

1948 165438+ in October, after the four fields liberated the whole northeast, all the millions of troops entered the customs and strategically surrounded Tianjin and other places, and the revolutionary situation developed very rapidly. Faced with this situation, Zhou Enlai called Yugoslavia and asked him to mobilize all his strength to issue a unified national RMB, otherwise other measures would be taken.

According to the instructions of, Dong presided over the second government affairs meeting of the People's Government of North China on June 5438+0 18 10. The central topic was to establish the People's Bank of China and issue a unified national currency. At the meeting, Dong once again carefully asked Nan, "Chen Han, time and tide wait for no man! How are you getting ready? Can you hang up the brand of China People's Bank tomorrow? "

"I think so. After more than a year of preparation, all the work is ready. The ticket version of 12 denomination has been recognized by several central leaders. If the brand of China People's Bank is put up tomorrow, paper money can be issued tomorrow. In order to prepare our RMB to occupy the market immediately after the liberation of Beiping, comrades of the Ministry of Industry of our city have sent people to Beiping with printing plates to negotiate with a printing factory there and secretly printed a batch of banknotes for us. As soon as the People's Liberation Army enters the city, the RMB can be circulated in the market. " South Chen Han is full of confidence, he said.

Dong made a decision at this moment: "OK, then let's settle down and announce the establishment of China People's Bank immediately!"

1948 12 1 The People's Government of North China posted an announcement announcing the establishment of the People's Bank of China and issuing the national unified currency RMB. Comrade Nan was appointed as the general manager of the People's Bank of China.

On this day, the first batch of RMB with a face value of five yuan was officially issued in Pingshan County Bank, Hebei Province. Then, 20 yuan and 10 yuan RMB were issued in Shijiazhuang.

Note: 2 yuan banknotes in circulation are being recycled.