Theoretical experience of using various methods to teach literacy education.

Mr. Guo Moruo once said: "Literacy is the first step in all exploration." The teaching of Chinese characters has a great relationship with the development of people, because people are smart and literate. It can be seen that literacy teaching is the main learning task of Chinese in the first and second grades of primary schools. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" clearly puts forward the literacy goal of this period: to know 1600 Chinese characters, to cultivate the ability of independent literacy, and to make children like learning Chinese characters and have the desire to know Chinese characters actively. Then, how to effectively and flexibly use various methods to improve literacy efficiency and make each Chinese character an effective "medium" for students to learn all kinds of knowledge? After a year of research, combined with the cognitive characteristics of primary school students, the following self-righteous and effective literacy teaching methods are summarized.

(A), based on the classroom, improve literacy efficiency

Teachers in lower grades often encounter such a situation: students gradually master literacy tools and their literacy speed is accelerated. However, with the expansion of literacy, students often mispronounce and use homophones, and some new words appear repeatedly. This is called "proactive inhibition" and "proactive inhibition" in psychology. How to nip in the bud? The content of literacy teaching should be from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, from shallow to deep; The teaching form should be lively, the teaching difficulties should be scattered, and the teaching methods should be flexible and diverse, so that children can enjoy it, accept it easily and remember it easily, thus promoting the efficiency of literacy teaching.

1, creating situational literacy method

I often use the method of simulating and creating situations to let children carry out literacy activities. For example, to learn the lesson of supermarket, you need to learn the new word 14: business field, etc. In class, the teacher divides the students into several activity groups and plays the role of customers shopping. In the group, the goods and boxes prepared by the students are set to simulate a small supermarket, and the names of the goods are written down with small pieces of paper. For example, if students want to buy toothpaste, they must find a small piece of paper with "toothpaste" written on it and give it to the shop assistant. If they get it right and read it right, the shopping will be successful.

2. Physical literacy methods

Physical literacy can make students have a strong and profound first impression on the words to be recognized. For example, in the "Garden" class, Chinese characters about vegetable names are taught: beans, peppers, cucumbers, eggplants, radishes, pumpkins, cabbages and so on. Can guide students to watch all kinds of vegetables in kind, compare them with signs, and mobilize multiple senses to read and remember words by watching, touching, reading, recognizing and even tasting. Through this kind of teaching, Chinese characters are closely linked with objects, and the representations of Chinese characters will be clearly stored in students' minds, which obviously improves the literacy efficiency.

3, riddle literacy method

Chinese characters are a combination of sound, form and meaning. According to this feature, compiling new words into riddles can help students read in riddles. There are crossword puzzles and painting games, such as "Bi" crossword puzzle, "Two brothers are together, one bends and the other lifts." The crossword puzzle not only embodies the significance of comparison, but also implies that the strokes of the left and right parts are different. The word "Gao" can be made into a riddle: "Bite off the cow's tail with one bite." There are also "cows walk on a wooden bridge (life)", "there are bamboo on the top and hair on the bottom, and writing and drawing can't be separated from (pen)" and so on. If you teach the word "autumn" and show it: half green and half red, farmers will laugh when the harvest is good.

Interesting classroom teaching literacy methods are far more than these. In literacy teaching, scientific and flexible use of a variety of literacy methods reflects the diversity of literacy teaching, thus fully mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm, teaching them literacy methods in an atmosphere full of childlike interest, cultivating their ability to read independently, and improving students' Chinese interest and ability.

(B), contact life, expand literacy channels

1. Create a certain literacy atmosphere in the class and encourage students to read independently.

Environmental literacy is to create an atmosphere of environmental literacy: there can be "literacy music" on the blackboard newspaper, learning garden and even the surrounding walls-Chinese characters covered with pinyin or illustrated Chinese characters, or good words and sentences accumulated by children, which can be changed every once in a while. For example, in the lesson "Comparing Tails", we arrange "animal friends", learn the lesson "In the garden", and arrange "Little Garden of Dolls" and "Little World of Plants" ... so that students can always remember everything they expect in a cultural atmosphere. I often play the game of "new words blossom" with students during recess; Chinese activities and extracurricular activities often play the game of "catching dragons with words"; Over time, many Chinese characters will be easily recognized inadvertently.

2. Encourage literacy in family and social life.

Make use of parents' meeting to publicize the goal of literacy teaching, mobilize parents to cooperate closely, create a literacy atmosphere in the family, and help students read as much as possible. For example, mark the items and furnishings at home with children, and after guiding the understanding of new words, play the game of "finding friends" with children to combine understanding things with literacy; When watching TV, books and newspapers, consciously let children read a paragraph, write down unknown words in time and give enthusiastic guidance and help, so that literacy and reading can be closely combined; Take children out of the house, consciously ask them what words they know and what words they don't know, encourage students to remember new words, and actively combine literacy with observing society, life and things around them ... Encourage students to collect crossword puzzles, create their own crossword puzzles and write their own jingles with the guidance and help of parents, which will enhance their interest in literacy and cultivate their innovative spirit and practical ability in the process of literacy.

3. Literacy in extracurricular reading

Insist on reading after the text, get to know students repeatedly through Chinese characters, read more and learn more, and then guide students to read a lot and read in language accumulation. For example, "Yuan, Garden", the first meaning of "Yuan" is the beginning meaning, such as "New Year's Day" and "January"; The second is the meaning of "Fuehrer", such as "Fuehrer" and "Marshal"; Gardens are places where vegetables, flowers and trees are planted, such as gardens, vegetable gardens, fields, orchards and parks. Second, places for people to visit and entertain, such as parks, gardens, amusement parks and zoos. These words appear repeatedly in children's books and texts, and students can vaguely feel the meaning of the words in reading. Practice has proved that a student who loves reading greatly surpasses ordinary students in literacy, which is self-study.

Literacy teaching is an arduous teaching work. If teachers are well-trained and scholars are well-trained, then the teaching purpose will be easy to achieve. As long as teachers constantly sum up, accumulate and explore the methods of literacy teaching in teaching practice, expand literacy teaching from in-class to out-of-class, infiltrate books into social life, flexibly guide students to read, let students draw inferences from others, and let students learn vividly, interestingly and remember firmly.