What measures can be taken to develop tourism resources and economy without damaging the environment?

First, the contradiction between tourism and environmental protection Since it is feasible to carry out tourism in protected areas, with the influx of a large number of tourists, it will inevitably lead to environmental pollution and destruction, that is, the contradiction between tourism and environmental protection is inevitable, mainly in the following three aspects: 1 The damage caused by tourists' overload activities and various behaviors that endanger social morality to the nature reserve. Such as "three wastes" pollution caused by too many tourists, cutting down trees and damaging flowers and plants, and hunting animals and animals. , have reduced the quality of the ecological environment. In recent years, the number of tourists in Wudalianchi Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province has greatly increased. Some people took bonsai stones and smashed lava at will, leaving some areas on the platform riddled with holes. 2. The construction of hotels and other service facilities in the reserve will inevitably destroy some surrounding scenery due to the large project and large area. Building roads in protected areas requires a lot of earthwork, which will also destroy the vegetation on both sides of the road. Moreover, once the road is opened, the winding and secluded wilderness will become a scene of heavy traffic, and the sightseeing environment will be lost. At present, this phenomenon has appeared on the north slope of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve. Hotels and parking lots have been built in Yeyue Mountain Valley, and a large area of Ye Yue forest has been cut down. During the construction of the highway from skating rink to Tianwenfeng, a large area of tundra landscape was destroyed, resulting in soil erosion in some areas. 3. For the managers of nature reserves, how to coordinate the relationship between tourism and environmental protection is really a difficult problem. It is necessary to protect the environment, protect nature and be open to tourists. This policy itself is likely to make managers at a loss, and once it is not handled properly, it will often bring disastrous consequences. A particularly obvious example is Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve in Sichuan, which is a national key protected area called "fairy tale world" and "fairyland on earth". After the opening of tourism, tourists swarmed in, but the protected areas lacked scientific management and the environmental pollution became more and more serious. In addition, excessive logging has aggravated soil erosion, and debris flows have accelerated their activities, making clear and transparent lakes begin to block. This lesson should be taken as a warning by other protected areas. Second, how to develop tourism in nature reserves How to develop tourism in nature reserves involves all aspects. First of all, we should have a clear understanding of the particularity of tourism in protected areas, on this basis, determine the correct development strategy and finally take necessary measures. Only in this way can we ensure the healthy and stable development of tourism in nature reserves. 1. Fully understand the particularity of nature reserve tourism. This is the prerequisite for the development of tourism in protected areas. As a protected area of tourism business, it is neither a primitive forbidden area nor a lively entertainment place, but a natural environment that can show natural and historical features and provide people with suitable tourism projects. This is a fundamental difference from general protected areas and general tourist areas. It is necessary to widely publicize the particularity of tourism in protected areas through various channels and ways, and improve the awareness level of managers, factories and mines and the general public. On this basis, correctly handle the relationship between nature protection and tourism, the relationship between ecological benefits and social benefits, economic benefits, and the relationship between long-term interests and current interests. As mentioned above, the primary function of nature reserves is scientific research, so it is necessary to protect all kinds of natural resources and natural environment, and resources and environment are the basis for the survival and development of tourism. Protecting resources and environment means protecting tourism, and destroying resources and environment means destroying tourism. Both theory and practice show that the relationship between protection and tourism can only be established on the basis of protection, tourism is subject to protection and ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits are subject to ecological benefits, with long-term interests as the mainstay, and current interests are subject to long-term interests. If so, the better the nature protection work is carried out, the higher the status of the reserve, the greater the attraction to tourists, and the higher the economic and social benefits it will bring. Then the economic benefits will be fed back to the construction of protected areas, so that protected areas will embark on a virtuous circle of protection-development-value-added-protection. 2. Find out the characteristics of tourism resources and make correct development strategies. This is the main policy of developing tourism in protected areas. Characteristics are the foundation of tourism. Only the protected areas with characteristics can have vitality and competitiveness and attract more tourists. For example, after years of investigation and study, the author summarizes the characteristics of tourism resources in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, namely: ① world-class nature reserve; (2) Strange volcanic landscape tourist attractions; (3) The birthplace of Manchu, the sacred mountain in the eyes of the Korean people. According to the characteristics of tourism resources in Changbai Mountain, the author thinks that the strategy of tourism development in Changbai Mountain should be: taking protection as the premise, giving priority to ecological benefits, developing tourism resources reasonably, beneficially and economically, and highlighting the characteristics of wild mountains, sacred mountains and sacred mountains. Its strategic goal is to build Changbai Mountain into a world-famous volcanic scenic reserve. 3. Take necessary measures. This is an effective way to develop tourism in protected areas. ① Division of functions. According to the specific situation of nature reserves, comprehensive planning should be carried out on the basis of full investigation and study, and functional zoning is particularly important. For example, Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve can be divided into core area, buffer area and experimental area. The core area is the absolute protected area of the whole protected area, and no other activities are allowed except patrol and regular resource investigation to maintain the natural state and store species. The buffer zone is the transition zone between the core area and the experimental area, and its main function is to protect the core area from damage. The experimental area is a protected area for comprehensive utilization of a large number of natural resources. Scientific investigation, research, experiment and teaching practice can be carried out in the experimental area, and the area can also be demarcated in combination with natural scenery to carry out sightseeing activities that do not affect nature protection. ② Improve the environmental protection mechanism. To develop tourism in protected areas, we should establish and improve three environmental protection mechanisms as soon as possible: administrative and legislative mechanisms. Including a series of restrictive provisions on units and individuals traveling to the reserve, such as personnel quota, prohibition and sanctions. The United States is a country with earlier development and more mature experience in nature protection. At the entrance of some nature reserves, there is often a very eye-catching placard: "Go in and leave only footprints; You can only take pictures when you come out. " It is worth learning from our country. Economic planning mechanism. According to the time scale, including short-term, medium-term and long-term planning, administrative and legislative mechanisms should be supplemented, and the scale and speed of tourism development in protected areas should be macro-controlled by means of economic planning. Economic accounting and paid use mechanism of tourism development. That is, compensation for the losses caused by the use of natural resources to carry out tourism. At present, most protected areas in China use ticket sales, and the price is on the high side, which makes tourists have great opinions. The solution is that the operators and managers of protected areas should provide services to consumers with labor, knowledge and skills to meet their needs. If we can provide a certain number of tourists with a tour guide and environmental protection personnel, we can kill two birds with one stone. ③ Be cautious about civil construction. If it is feasible to build bridges, roads, hotels and ropeways in general tourist areas, it should be another matter in nature reserves and we must be cautious. Don't always build buildings and halls in the core area of the reserve, and then the roads and paths are as dense as cobwebs, and the reserve will become a modern downtown. When the scenic city is built, the life of the scenery will be over. The problem of building cableway should attract the attention of the management department of protected areas. To build a cableway, first build roads, first cut down trees, and then blow up mountains. Therefore, the destruction of natural resources and environment caused by the construction of cableway connecting cable cars is extremely serious, so foreign countries like Yellowstone National Park and Grand Canyon in the United States are absolutely not allowed to build cableways. ④ Strengthen scientific management. How to improve the management level of protected area operators is one of the key factors for the success or failure of protected area tourism. In terms of business ideas, we should change the current practice of "extensive management", win with beautiful natural environment and high-quality service, appropriately limit the number of tourists when necessary, and protect resources and environment. For example, the Ecuadorian government strictly limits the number of visitors to Kelon Islands (Galapagos Islands) to 25,000 per year, and the number of visitors to any island should not exceed 90 per day. In management, protected areas can manage tourism together with nearby towns and villages, so that everyone is responsible and benefits, and tourism and environmental protection go hand in hand. The choice of tourism projects should focus on knowledge-based tourism, list the contents of some scenic spots and introduce scientific knowledge to tourists. Linear development must be adopted in the protected area, and tourists are strictly prohibited from running around. Mainly carry out one-day tours to reduce tourists' damage to natural resources and the environment. In a word, as long as the management department of nature reserves implements scientific and strict management in the practice of tourism development, and with the close cooperation of other departments and tourists, I believe that the tourism of nature reserves in China will definitely have a new situation.