The revolutionary relics of Bai Gongguan

The former site of Baigongguan Prison is located in Geleshan, Shapingba District, Chongqing. It is a revolutionary relic that makes future generations remember the heroes and sigh with regret. It was originally the suburban villa of Sichuan warlord Bai Ju. Bai Ju claimed to be a descendant of Bai Juyi, so he borrowed Bai Juyi's nickname "Xiangshan Jushi" and named his villa "Xiangshan Villa". In 1939, Dai Li took a fancy to it when choosing a site at the foot of Gele Mountain, so he spent a lot of money to buy it and transform it into a prison for persecuting revolutionaries. Together with Zhazi Cave, it is known as "two living coffins". But they are different. The Bai Gongguan held political prisoners who the military commander considered "serious cases."

Since 1938, it has been used as a secret prison by the Kuomintang secret service. Anti-Japanese patriotic general Huang Xiansheng, Tongji University President Zhou Junshi, patriotic Liao Chengzhi, Communist Party member Song Qiyun, Xu Linxia, ??his wife and their youngest son "Little Carrot Head" were all imprisoned here. At most, more than 200 "political prisoners" were detained here. The original air raid shelter was converted into a torture cave.

In 1939, Dai Li, the chief spy of the military reunification bureau, selected him as a detention center directly under the headquarters of the military reunification bureau for the purpose of keeping the interrogation and detention confidential. The original gate of Bai Mansion was closed all day long, with entry and exit through a small door on the side. The original storage room was converted into a dungeon, and the original air raid shelter was converted into a torture cave. On the inner walls of the courtyard, there are slogans such as "Be loyal when you think about it, make up for your mistakes when you think about it", "Rectify your friendship without seeking benefits, and understand the way without counting the merits" and other slogans.

After the establishment of the "China-U.S. Cooperation Institute" in 1943, Bai Mansion was converted into a hostel for US military personnel in China. In 1945, it was again used as a special detention center to detain people.

The anti-Japanese patriotic general Huang Xiansheng, the president of Tongji University Zhou Junshi, the patriotic Liao Chengzhi, the Communist Party member Song Qiyun, Xu Linxia, ??his wife and their youngest son (also known as the little Luotou) were also detained here. At most, more than 200 "political prisoners" were detained here. Little Luobotou's original name was Song Zhenzhong. As he grew up, his parents worked hard to get opportunities for him to study. In prison, while studying cultural knowledge assiduously with General Huang Xiansheng, he continued to help fellow prisoners secretly pass on information and papers. strip. However, on the eve of liberation, the agents brutally killed the eight-year-old little Luobotou.

On the eve of liberation, in addition to more than 20 "political prisoners" such as Huang Yisheng and Xu Xiaoxuan who were transferred after the closure of Xifeng Prison, there were also Liu Guorong and Liu Guorong who were detained in the Second Detention Center of Chongqing Xingyuan Division 2. Thirty people including Zhou Conghua, Zhou Junshi, Zhang Zehou and others.

On November 27, 1949, military special agents massacred the revolutionaries imprisoned here, and only 20 people escaped.

The famous novel "Red Rock" reproduces the cruel and terrifying imprisonment life inside the prison and the unswerving firm belief of the revolutionaries.

October 1949 was the first time the Yang Hucheng family was attacked. It was the "dark days before dawn". At that time, after three major battles, the Battle of Crossing the River and other major battles, the Kuomintang conquered a large number of areas occupied by the Kuomintang. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek "planned After the dream of "Jiang Erzhi" went bankrupt, the Chiang Dynasty believed that their failure was the result of being soft on the Communist Party, so they carried out a crazy massacre of Communists and progressive people in Chongqing. Li Hua said that the enemy's massacre knife first pierced General Yang Hucheng. At around 11 o'clock in the evening on September 6, General Yang Hucheng, his son, daughter, Song Qiyun and his wife and their son "Little Luobotou" who had just arrived at the Dai Gong Temple on Songlin Slope in Geleshan were successively massacred by the spies with sharp knives. The third page of "Ta Kung Pao (Chongqing Edition)" on December 12, 1949 published "The tragic death of General Yang Hucheng, the bodies of his father and son were discovered at the same time yesterday." The article says: General Yang Hucheng, one of the leaders of the Double Twelve Incident, was arrested and imprisoned by Chiang Kai-shek for twelve years. General Yang and his youngest son were finally killed by Chiang Kai-shek's agents at Ciqikou two months ago. This fact was confirmed yesterday. Sister Jiang left without regrets. On October 28, 10 fellow prisoners including Chen Ran and Wang Pu were taken to the Daping execution ground and shot. In the prison car, Wang Pu shouted: "Fathers and fellow villagers, the People's Republic of China has been established. Chongqing is about to be liberated! The Jiang Dynasty is about to collapse!” On November 14, a group of armed spies took Sister Jiang and 30 other people to Lanya, a radio station in Geleshan, and killed them. Before the execution, Li Qinglin, who was also going to the disaster, suddenly asked: "Sister Jiang, do you miss Yun'er?" Sister Jiang nodded and said, "Yes, I really want to take a look at him at this time. The photo is on my body. Unfortunately, my hand was It's handcuffed and can't be taken." "Forget it," Li Qinglin said.

"Yeah, don't watch it if you don't want to. They will be liberated anyway, and they will definitely live a good life. We have nothing to regret." Sister Jiang comforted Li Qinglin in turn.

Ten hours before liberation, 32 people died. Li Hua introduced that Chongqing was liberated on November 30. At 4:00 pm on November 29, 32 people were shot dead in Songlin Slope, and even the corpses of enemy agents were found. He ran away hastily before he could bury it. Among the martyrs, there was a 21-year-old young woman named Huang Xiya. She worked successively at the Southwest Evening News and a nursery school. On the eve of the liberation of Chongqing, she assisted the underground party in instigating rebellion by the Kuomintang troops and was arrested on September 13, 1949. Before her arrest, Huang Xiya gave her classmates a poem called "A Smile", which expressed her life aspirations: "Use your own fire to ignite the fires of others. Use the ax of your pen to cut off human suffering. " Massacre: 321 people were killed. Li Hua said that from September 6 to November 29, 1949, the military concentration camp carried out a mass massacre of "political prisoners", with November 27 being the most brutal. According to relevant research reports, the statistics of martyrs in the series of massacres from the late period of the Anti-Japanese War to the eve of the liberation of Chongqing: The total number of victims currently documented is 321, of which 285 have been identified as martyrs after review, plus 5 The total number of children whose parents died was 290, and the total number of traitors and unidentified persons was 31. Among the 321 people, 207 died in the "11.27" massacre in 1949, including 185 martyrs. Among the 285 martyrs who died, it has been found that 161 were members of the Communist Party, accounting for about 57% of the total; 25 were members of the Democratic League; and members of other democratic parties and mass organizations were There are several people waiting. It was so tragic that the reporter could not write. According to relevant information: On November 30, 1949, Chongqing was liberated. Che Yiying left the crowd welcoming the People's Liberation Army into the city and ran to Gele Mountain alone. She is the second daughter of Che Yaoxian, former member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Western Sichuan Special Committee. At this time, Che Yiying did not know that her father, who had been arrested for many years, had been secretly killed. She thought her father was imprisoned in Geleshan Prison. Many years later, Che Yiying described what he saw and heard that day: "The Bai Mansion was empty, and the fire in Zhazidong was still smoking. The eight cells downstairs in Zhazidong were filled with charred corpses. , no head, no feet, just pieces of charred body. There were more than 20 corpses lying there in the gaps in the wall, in front of and behind the house, and in the toilet. There were three large pits on the pine forest slope, full of corpses and blood. There was no sound at all when I saw the eyes of the victims with hatred in their eyes, their clenched fists, and the blood flowing out. There was no sound at all on the Gele Mountain, and it was so lonely and desolate." As more and more people flock to Geleshan in search of relatives, friends and classmates, the forest can no longer remain silent, and cries can be heard everywhere. Chongqing's "Ta Kung Pao" published on December 1, 1949, titled "Chiang Bandits' Inhuman Massacre of Revolutionary Patriots", recorded a tragic incident: "A young woman was holding her one-year-old child. , weeping there, looking for her husband's body. Oh my god! How can we find this? There are so many charred corpses, and none of them can be identified. Foot-deep blood and tears from relatives wrote: "How can a reporter write down this tragic scene? How can I describe it!" Soldiers cried bitterly, "We are too late." On December 1, the People's Liberation Army rushed into the scum. Cave, Bai Mansion. After just experiencing a life-and-death fight with Hu Zongnan's troops and the remnants of Luo Guangwen's troops, the soldiers who were bleeding but not shedding tears burst into tears at this moment: "We are late!" "We are late!" Two or three days later, from the massacre, People who were lucky enough to escape ran back to Geleshan. The first thing Luo Guangbin did was to lead everyone into the Bai Mansion and the cell in the second room, and pry up a wooden floor in the corner of the room. The five-star red flag was still there. It was a red flag made by the inmates out of quilts, straw paper and rice grains after they heard about the founding of New China. Holding it, several people held their heads and cried. The third page of "Ta Kung Pao" on December 14, 1949, "The corpses of thirty patriots began to be collected and put into coffins yesterday" described: The bodies of thirty revolutionary martyrs were killed at Lanya, a radio station eight kilometers away from Bai Gongguan. Yesterday, the funeral department sent people to exhume and collect the body. According to the rescuers, it was said that forty-two people were killed at the same time last time. The number is not accurate. The total number is 30, including "29 people in Zhazidong and 1 person in Baigongguan."

When the exhumation workers were digging yesterday, they first dug out one body. After digging for a long time, they found the remaining 28 bodies at the bottom of the pit (the other body was dug out in a field not far away), but these 29 bodies were excavated. Most of the corpses of the patriots were rotten. Except for the remains of two female patriots, Jiang Zhuyun and Li Qinglin, who were recognized by their relatives, the others could not be identified. When the corpses of the 29 patriots were moved out of the pit, the family members who identified the corpses and the nearby residents who watched were grief-stricken and angry. The clothes, shoes and pants of these patriots were forced to take off by the spies before they were martyred. The next day, some people saw the spies selling those suits, sweaters and other items at a street stall in Ciqikou.