Common 12 NG behaviors in children's medication.

Drug abuse among children is very common. When a child is sick, what is most needed is not only the careful companionship and care of parents, but more importantly, how to use drugs correctly after seeing a doctor. Dad is better than mom. Is your concept of medication correct? Pan Shenjun, director of the Pediatrics Department of Shu Tian Clinic, reminded that fathers should pay attention to the doctor's advice when taking their children to see a doctor. Don't forget to check whether the name, age, weight, sex, drug type and quantity, usage and dosage on the drug list and drug bag are correct when writing prescriptions and receiving drugs; If the label is unclear, you should ask clearly or refuse to use it. Children's bodies are not fully developed, and their absorption, metabolism and elimination of drugs are different from those of adults. As long as dad spends more time than mommy to understand, he can provide more complete medication safety and guarantee for his baby! Don't let drugs endanger your baby's health!

Check: The following 12 is a common misunderstanding of children's medication. Please check with mom and dad to see if they accidentally made the following mistakes! If you often tick, please take some time to read this unit carefully to ensure the safety of children's medication! □ 1. Take the child to the doctor. When the medical staff asks about the child's weight, they only need to quote a similar number, not necessarily the number measured on the spot. □2. Open the medicine bag directly and take out the medicine for the child. There is no habit of checking the medicine bag and the medicine list first. -3. The doctor instructed to take drugs regularly, but due to various factors (such as fever, illness, rush out, etc. ), the time has not yet arrived, but the children have already been fed. Children get nervous when they have a fever. They have given their children antipyretics more than 5 times in 1 day, or used multiple antipyretics (such as oral and suppository) at the same time. □5. Drugs will be mixed in milk or mixed in tea and grapefruit juice for children to drink. □6. Because it is not easy for children to take medicine, or children should not be forced to take medicine when they don't take medicine. □7. In order to let the child take medicine smoothly, they will lie to him that it is candy and tastes as sweet as candy. □8. I don't know whether the medicine prescribed by the doctor for children is special for children or reduced for adults. I didn't even know there was such a thing as "children's medicine". □9. The medicine prescribed by the doctor for children is a "mixed package" of various drugs, rather than a separate "sub-package" medicine. □ 10. Most of the drugs that children used to take were in the form of "powder". After mixing with the liquid medicine, some powder remained in the medicine cup. □ 1 1. The medicines at home should be kept where children can see and take them. □ 12. I used to give my children proprietary medicines for adults, such as comprehensive cold medicine or aspirin on the market. Common sense. Chi Huilan, a consulting and publicity group of the Children's "Medicine" Cautious Alliance, said that choosing appropriate dosage forms (such as liquid syrup and granular chewable tablets) according to children's needs, and attaching special measuring devices, so that dad can better grasp the dosage and clearly understand the label than mom. Dose calculation in children is closely related to the therapeutic effect. If there are obvious adverse reactions after taking the medicine, it is also an important issue worthy of close attention from parents and should be highly valued. Dr. Pan Shenjun said that because children's weight, height and body surface area change with age, the dosage of drugs varies greatly among children of different ages. Generally speaking, there are many ways to calculate the drug dose of children, and the common ones are: according to weight and body surface area or according to age. Dr. Pan Shenjun said that in China, pediatrics mostly use the calculation method of weight and body surface area to give drugs, and gave the following instructions: according to the weight calculation, according to the drug instructions: the dose per kilogram of children's weight multiplied by the number of kilograms of children's weight can get a day's dose; Then, take it several times according to the requirements of the drug and the condition. China Pharmacopoeia clearly stipulates drugs, such as erythromycin ethylsuccinate, which is a commonly used pharmaceutical ingredient for conjunctivitis and infant pneumonia, and it is easy for newborns. It is recommended to take it 3-4 times per kilogram of body weight every day. According to the calculation of body surface area, this method is really common in children's medication at present, so this method is more scientific, suitable for adults and children of all ages, regardless of age, and can be administered according to a standard. However, this method must first understand the child's body surface area and bring it into the formula before it can be calculated. The calculation method sometimes seems complicated. Dr. Pan Shenjun explained that from the end of the visit to taking medicine, dad should first pay attention to whether the name on the medicine bag is the baby himself, and then start to check whether the quantity of medicine in each medicine bag is the same as that on the medicine bag, so as not to affect the treatment effect because of the shortage of medicine. In addition, if the confirmation work is not done well first, it may also lead to a cold or a disease that is difficult to cure smoothly. According to the current law, there must be 13 items of necessary information on the medicine bag, including: name, gender, name of medicine, dosage, quantity, usage, function or indication, warning or side effect, name and place of medical institution, name of dispenser, delivery date of medicine, etc. Remember to read these important information carefully when you get the medicine bag. Remember to consult a pharmacist or doctor in case of "the name of the drug is not your own", "the dosage does not match", "the function or indication has nothing to do with the disease" and "the appearance of the drug is different from the drugs taken regularly". Pay attention to the time of taking it. Chi reminds parents that the usage and dosage on the medicine bag are very important. If it is marked as 1 day and 1 time, dad will choose a fixed time in 1 day for the baby to take it on time; If it is 1 twice a day, dad should let the baby take it in the morning and at night respectively; 65438+ 3 times a day, you should choose to give it to your baby in the morning, afternoon and evening; Take it every day/kloc-0 times in the morning, afternoon, evening and before going to bed. If there is no special indication on the medicine bag to take it before or after meals, it means that it can be used at both times. However, if it is indicated that it should be taken before meals, it should be taken before meals 1 hour; If it is indicated to be taken after meals or with meals, it should be taken immediately after meals. Dad should pay special attention to the pharmacist's instructions and medication methods when giving medicine, and ask questions at any time if he doesn't understand. Take the medicine according to the instructions. If the medicine bag has no special instructions or the pharmacist needs to crush the medicine without special instructions, it should be swallowed whole. The larynx is in the mouth and should not be swallowed whole; Sublingual tablets should be contained under the tongue and absorbed directly by oral mucosa. If they are crushed or swallowed directly, their efficacy will be affected. There are also suspensions that must be shaken up and taken orally, or a graduated measuring cup is used to avoid uneven distribution of drug concentration, which will affect the efficacy or overdose. Chi Huilan said that these seemingly simple medication methods are often ignored by dad than mom, so it is necessary to remind them again. When taking medicine with warm water, it is best to drink warm water and drink enough to avoid swallowing medicine incompletely and causing esophagus. Especially, if the baby medicine contains antibiotics, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs with aggressive components, it is best to straighten the trunk for about 2 minutes after taking it. Don't lie flat immediately, so as to avoid esophageal injury caused by drugs staying in the esophagus for a long time. In addition, I would like to remind that dad should never mix coffee, tea, milk, grapefruit juice and other drinks to give the baby medicine, so as not to affect the curative effect but also produce unimaginable side effects. Grind the medicine into powder, NG! Common Chinese medicines are in powder form, and almost all children's powder in Taiwan Province Province is packaged by grinding and mixing various medicines. Dr. Pan Shenjun believes that because babies are not skilled at swallowing drugs, adults will be afraid of choking or choking, so after grinding into powder, the whole package can be swallowed with boiling water; But in fact, such drug packaging is not quite correct. The World Health Organization (WHO) mentioned in the guidelines for children's medication that different drugs should be packaged in different packages and marked with different usages. Not every baby prescription prescribed by Dr. Pan Shen Jun needs to be taken 3 ~ 4 times a day, each time1; Some long-acting drugs only need to be taken 1 time a day, and even some antipyretics only need to be taken when you have a fever, which does not necessarily need to be taken regularly. If all drugs are mixed together, it is impossible to clearly point out the unique way of taking each drug, and patients will inevitably take the wrong medicine; This will not give full play to the maximum effect of drugs, which will affect the improvement and recovery of symptoms. Liquid medicine is better than powder medicine. Chi mentioned that dad should have met the situation that mom let the children drink the ground powder and potion together, but found that there was still some powder left on the medicine cup; Or the situation where the child keeps crying while giving medicine and then choking on milk powder. In addition to the above situation, it may also cause the problem of uneven drug dosage and the risk of drug pollution. Therefore, in recent years, with the efforts of the Pediatric Medical Association and private medical supervision groups, the Medical Insurance Bureau has increased the payment for children's bottled medicines; In other words, children will basically try to use liquid medicine when using drugs, which is not only the gradual popularization of pediatric knowledge, but also some hospitals no longer provide drug grinding services. Unless there is no medicine in the form of liquid medicine, powder must still be used, and liquid medicine has gradually become common in children's medication. What kinds of drugs are there for children? What are the pros and cons? Although potions are safer and more respected, some children still resist potions; When this happens, the doctor must prescribe a complete pill. Chi Huilan suggested that Dad should take the pills home and grind them before taking them. Besides powder and liquid drugs, what other forms of drugs are prescribed by pediatricians? Children's medication prescription is oral dosage form, and doctors will use special drugs for children to increase the safety of children's medication; The classification of drugs for children includes: liquid, syrup, suspension, chewable tablets and so on. Most of these preparations will be made into syrup and other tastes acceptable to children. In the liquid medicine part, some need to add a proper amount of cold water before taking the medicine, and then take it. Don't forget to shake well before use, so that the drug content of each ingredient is the same as that of Yamatonokusushi. After use, you should also pay attention to whether it should be stored in the refrigerator and used up within the validity period. When dad takes the medicine orally, try to give the baby medicine many times through dropper, medicine feeder or medicine cup. When taking medicine, you should also comfort and encourage your baby in time. Don't forcibly fill the medicine, lest the medicine choke into the respiratory tract or resist taking it in the future. There are two packaging methods for oral drugs: buccal tablets and capsules, but it is suggested that children under 4 years old should avoid swallowing the whole buccal tablets or capsules to avoid choking. Dad can help crush the tablets before feeding. Children after the age of 4 can generally swallow tablets or capsules. * * * Suppository If the doctor prescribes * * * suppositories, mom and dad use them differently, which is different from taking them orally. First, let the child lie on his side, gently push the suppository into the depth of a knuckle and keep it for 2 ~ 3 minutes to prevent it from being squeezed out. However, this plug may be affected by defecation, so if the baby has been diarrhea, the medicine may be discharged before absorption; Father and mother should inform the doctor about this situation, and the doctor will also consider other ways of administration. If children use suppositories too frequently, it may lead to local overstimulation. Dad should observe and use it more carefully than mom. External preparations The so-called external preparations are mainly used for wiping (such as dermatological drugs); Some children with allergic dermatitis have a thin stratum corneum and a high proportion of water, which leads to good relative drug permeability, thus leading to the risk of many topical drugs being absorbed through the skin. In addition, when using eye drops, remember not to put the dropper in direct contact with the baby's eyes to avoid infection. In fact, even if only one eye infection must be treated, it is best to order drugs in both eyes; You should start with uninfected eyes, and then infected eyes. Dad can help children close their eyes for 5 minutes after dropping eye drops to increase the contact time between eye drops and eyes, thus improving the efficacy. Drops should not be used, so pollution should be avoided. Once contaminated, it should be discarded immediately. Before using ear drops, hold the bottle in your hand for a few minutes to warm it up, and then shake the bottle before using it. When using, the father lets the child lie on his side, with his head slightly tilted and his ears dripping upward. Drop the medicine into the ear, lie on your side 1 ~ 2 minutes after dripping, and then inhale the medicine into the ear to prevent the medicine from flowing out. To avoid children eating drugs by mistake, it is indeed a very dangerous thing for children to eat drugs by mistake. The average father is usually more panicked than the mother when encountering a child who takes drugs by mistake; At this time, parents are advised to calm down and know what medicine their children are taking and how long they have been taking it, which is very helpful for treatment. Dr. Pan Shenjun said that if the child doesn't take medicine for a long time (about 4-6 hours), his father will notice this situation more easily than his mother, so he can immediately adopt the method of inducing vomiting at home. Vomiting is mainly for children to spit out undigested drugs left in their stomachs. Usage: Gently touch the back of the child's throat with chopsticks or fingers, which will cause nausea and vomiting; After the child drinks some boiled water, he can repeatedly induce vomiting several times to empty the medicine he has eaten by mistake. Emergency treatment If children take too much medicine or take medicine for too long, or even have symptoms of poisoning, parents must immediately send them to the hospital for emergency treatment. The reason why children eat drugs by mistake is usually because adults put drugs where children can see and get them; Especially when children have the ability to climb, they may be exposed to drugs out of the sight of adults and eat drugs by mistake. Children who are poisoned by drugs should be induced to vomit while they are unconscious, and bottles and vomitus containing drugs taken by mistake should be prepared and taken to the hospital for identification immediately; Or call 1 19 for help immediately. How to safely place and place Whelan to remind dad that the best way to reduce or even eliminate drug poisoning is to "nip in the bud"; At home, we should pay special attention to taking good care of drugs, which should be stored at a height that children can't easily get. In particular, drugs containing highly toxic pesticides should be properly kept. Before giving medicine to children, dad must get into the habit of reading the name of the medicine first, and then give medicine after checking it. Never act rashly, so as not to bring regret and pain due to a moment's negligence. In addition, don't give drugs to children. Drugs suitable for adults may not be equally suitable for children; Commonly used outsourcing drugs such as aspirin, comprehensive cold agent and so on. It is more difficult for father to take medicine than mother, which will cause great danger to children. Cleaning methods Because children will imitate the behavior of adults, parents should avoid taking drugs in front of children. Chi Huilan explained that another wrong way is to lure drugs into candy, which will easily lead to children eating by mistake in the future. Please read the instructions of the medicine bag carefully when your father gives medicine than your mother, and make sure that the medicine and dosage you take are correct. Remember to store the medicine carefully. The following storage methods are recommended by the pool: 1. Health food and medicines should be stored separately, and medicines should be locked as much as possible; Regularly clean up expired drugs and clean them. Wash the empty bottles thoroughly with water before discarding them. 2. Drugs should be kept in the original packaging, and should not be distributed to other containers at will to avoid eating by mistake; Children's medicines should be bought in safe packages so that they can be stored more clearly. The second part is a true article. How to give medicine is safe, because many medicines are bitter or have strange taste, and they are often rejected by babies. At this time, parents are very anxious, but they are helpless. In fact, feeding medicine is also a science. As long as dad is better than mom, it can make it easier to feed medicine. Different drugs must enter the gastrointestinal tract smoothly and be digested and absorbed before they can play their roles; In the process of digestion, drugs are easily influenced by the food or drink that enters the gastrointestinal tract with them. Different drugs need different absorption and digestion environments, so there are differences before meals, after meals and on an empty stomach. When the father is helping the baby to take medicine, he must follow the instructions of the doctor or pharmacist and take the medicine at the right time to play a role. 1. Take before meals: It means taking the medicine within half an hour before meals, mainly to avoid the influence of food. 2. Take after meals: take the medicine within half an hour to 0 hours after meals. Usually this medicine hurts the stomach, so other foods are needed to reduce the * * * effect of the medicine on the stomach. 3. Take it immediately after meals: take the medicine immediately after meals, because food helps the absorption and curative effect of the medicine. 4. Taking on an empty stomach: It usually means not eating any food within 1 hour before and after taking the medicine, which is also to avoid the drug effect being affected by food. The interval between taking medicine Dr. Pan Shenjun explained that the instructions on the medicine bag were "Take it within a few hours 1 time"; For example, drugs should be given every 6-8 hours, which means that/kloc-0 is distributed evenly every 24 hours, and taken 3-4 times a day. The purpose of staged feeding is mainly to make the drug concentration in the blood of the baby enter the blood after digestion and absorption by the stomach and blood, and then transmit it through the blood; But the efficacy remains unchanged, which can effectively eliminate bacteria and obtain real curative effect. Don't change the medication time at will. It is worth mentioning that even if the baby is seriously ill, it is not appropriate for dad to change the interval of taking medicine at will according to the doctor's instructions. For example, some dads take it every six hours, but some dads take it every three hours. Dr. Pan Shenjun particularly emphasized that the denser the frequency of taking medicine, the better the effect. Don't forget that medicine is like two blades of a knife. If used properly, it can cure diseases, but if used improperly, it will harm the body. Therefore, when the baby's small body suffers too much medicine, it will put the health in a more dangerous state. This problem often occurs when children take antipyretics. If the fever is still worse than the mother's, they will be eager to give their children more medicine to help them reduce the fever. Therefore, after taking one pack of antipyretics 1 hour, let the children take the second pack of antipyretics. However, taking medicine in this way is very dangerous. If the child's body temperature drops very low at once, his physical condition will be even more dangerous than when he has a fever. This is a drug concept that must be constantly respected. It is best to take the medicine with boiling water. After the drug enters the stomach smoothly, we should not only pay attention to whether it will be affected by food, but also pay attention to whether the "drink" that enters the stomach with it can completely dissolve it. Only when the drug is completely dissolved and absorbed will the drug effect be completely released. Dr. Pan Shenjun suggested that the composition of boiling water is the simplest and will not affect the deterioration of drugs; Therefore, "taking medicine with boiling water" is the best choice. When taking tonic, remember to help the baby drink a few mouthfuls of boiled water, so that all the medicines can be rushed into the stomach smoothly, so as to avoid attaching to the esophagus, hurting the esophagus and affecting the curative effect. You can't drink with it. Chi Huilan said that dad should have some basic knowledge of medicine feeding than mom; For example, if you know that some drinks are not suitable or can't be used with drugs, you should avoid giving them to your baby. 1. Milk milk will make the drug unable to play its full role and is not suitable for taking with drugs. In addition, if the baby eats non-staple food related to spinach, don't drink milk or eat calcium-containing foods such as calcium tablets; Because after spinach enters the human body, oxalate ions generated by electrolysis will precipitate calcium ions, which not only hinders the absorption of calcium by the human body, but also easily generates calcium oxalate stones. Therefore, if you want to drink milk, it is recommended to drink it 2 hours after taking the medicine, so as not to affect the efficacy. 2. Tannic acid in tea is easy to precipitate with alkaloid drugs, which will reduce the efficacy and prevent the drugs from playing a healing role. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine should not be taken with tea, which is not only not conducive to absorption, but also greatly reduces the efficacy. Regarding these questions, we must consult doctors or pharmacists in particular. 3. Flavonoids in grapefruit juice will inhibit the metabolic rate of some drugs in the liver, which will lead to the increase of drug concentration in the blood and the accumulation of drug toxicity in the body, which will lead to serious adverse reactions in the body. It is best not to drink it for a few days after taking the medicine, especially the long-acting drugs (the drug effect lasts for a long time, up to 12 hours). Parents should be good role models. Chi Huilan suggested that adults should not let their children see it when taking medicine, lest children imitate them; Besides, when taking medicine, dad should set an example and take it with warm water. Don't share your medicine with other family members. Although the types of colds are similar, the dosage and eating methods are different due to different age conditions. In particular, tetracycline, sulfonamides and some antibiotics commonly used by adults are not recommended for children. In addition, children may use antidiarrheal drugs with adsorption when they have diarrhea. In order to avoid the influence of its adsorption on the function of other drugs, it must be separated from other drugs or foods at least 1 hour before taking. Precautions for drug administration If you want your baby to absorb the drug smoothly, you can use some auxiliary tools, such as: the baby drops the drug at the back or edge of the mouth with a straw or an oral injection tube, and then slowly feeds the drug. Never inject drugs directly into the mouth through the injection tube. Dr. Pan Shenjun also suggested that dad should let older children or preschool children cover up the taste of drugs with a small amount of food when taking drugs, and then they can cooperate with each other. If the child's teeth are in the stage of loosening and changing teeth, the doctor should be told to avoid opening chewable tablets. Note 9 Item 1. Mommy should not feed the baby before drinking water; Letting the baby take medicine in a semi-hungry state can not only prevent nausea and vomiting, but also facilitate the baby to swallow medicine because of hunger. Take the medicine according to the doctor's advice, neither too much nor too little. Before taking the medicine, put the tablets or potions into a spoon and mix them with warm water. Dad can hold the baby in his arms, hold his head in a semi-recumbent position, gently press the baby's cheek with the thumb and forefinger of his left hand to expose the "O" mouth of the baby, and then slowly pour the medicine into his mouth. 3. The baby's sucking ability is poor, and the swallowing action is slow, so dad should be more patient and careful than mommy when feeding medicine. In addition, the newborn's taste response is not yet mature, so it is difficult to distinguish between sweetness and sourness and bitterness, so there is no need to add sugar to enhance the taste. 4. Don't use the method of pinching the nose to forcibly fill the medicine, so that the liquid medicine is easy to choke into the trachea; Also, drugs should not be poured directly into the pharynx to avoid suffocation when drugs are inhaled into the trachea, and even lead to aspiration pneumonia in the baby. 5. If the baby has a cough reaction when feeding the medicine, stop taking it immediately and pick it up and pat it on the back; If you continue to take it forcibly, the liquid medicine will choke into the trachea, causing lung infection, or suffocate and die because of blocking the trachea. 6. After administration, 20 ~ 30 ml of water should be given to help the medicine pass through the mouth and esophagus, and then be completely sent to the stomach; Moreover, it is not advisable to breastfeed immediately after taking the medicine, so as not to cause nausea and vomiting. 7. Because the function of the newborn's liver, kidney and other organs is not perfect, if it is taken in excess, symptoms of poisoning will appear; In order to avoid unnecessary trouble, dad really should control the dosage better than mom. 8. You can take the initiative to explain to doctors and pharmacists the needs of children's medication, hoping to give priority to providing drugs suitable for children, such as oral tablets, granular powders, chewable tablets and other solid drugs specially designed for children; Or give priority to drugs such as liquid, syrup and suspending agent, which are easy to swallow and not bitter. 9. Don't induce children to think that taking medicine is like eating sugar, so as not to cause children to eat drugs by mistake in the future; Or forced drug use will also make children afraid of drugs, and the rejection will be aggravated. Easy to feed is not a burden. "If you want to do a good job, you must sharpen your tools first." Chi suggested that dad should choose a more suitable medicine feeder than mom, which can effectively improve the baby's crying when taking medicine and feed the medicine smoothly. At present, various brands of drug dispensers have different types of drug dispensers according to their needs, such as droppers, nipples, syringes and other diverse designs, which can replace the traditional way of putting spoons in the mouth, reduce children's resistance and improve safety. Dr. Pan Shenjun also suggested using a special drug delivery device on the market, which is not only simple to operate, but also can greatly improve the drug delivery efficiency. It is suggested that father and mother's parents compare and choose the most suitable product. For all products used by children, the material is absolutely the primary consideration: because the front end will contact the child's mouth, silicone rubber with good safety, softness and elasticity will be used at the front end of nipple or dropper; The pipeline part is mainly made of PP material. Dad remembers to read the product description carefully before buying, and try to operate or try it out to find a good and convenient medicine feeder. If the baby is young and used to using the nipple, then the medicine feeder designed by the nipple head can be used to "lure" him to take medicine. Older children are less likely to be cheated. In order to prevent him from refusing to take medicine, you can choose the product designed by syringe. After pushing the medicine into the child's mouth, slowly pull out the syringe to prevent the child from spitting out the medicine immediately when the front end of the medicine feeder leaves the mouth. Clean, disinfect and reuse the feeder. Remember to clean and disinfect it like a bottle or nipple after each use. When it is convenient to use again, it will not cause any problems. Dad can take it apart and rinse it with clear water first. Except for the measuring cup, other parts can be scalded with boiling water or put into a steam sterilizer for disinfection, but the time is slightly shorter than that for disinfection of bottles. If you want to feed different children with the same medicine feeder, you should feed one child first; Sterilize the front end of the medicine feeder before giving medicine to other children. Late current position: Pan, Advisory and Publicity Group of Drug Damage Relief Foundation. Present position: Chief Physician of Pediatrics, Shu Tian Clinic. Education background: Department of Medicine, China Medical University. Graduation experience: Chief physician and attending physician of China Medical University.