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Pagoda was introduced into China with Buddhism. According to legend, after the death of Sakyamuni, his ashes turned into many black and white beads called "Buddhist relics", which were buried by disciples, and a dome was built on the ground with a "brake" on the top as decoration, named "Sidupo". Short for "tower".

Buddhism was introduced into China in the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a worship of Buddhism, the image of "Tower" followed. However, in the face of China's traditional architectural style, the Indian "extending in all directions" can not be accepted by people, and can only be placed on the top of the tower as a symbol, which is the origin of the earliest pavilion tower.

The pavilion tower is a multi-storey wooden high-rise building modeled after China's tradition. The only existing pavilion-style wooden pagoda in China is the Saga Pagoda of Fogong Temple in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province, which was built in the second year of Liao and Qing Dynasties (AD 1056). This tower is 67.3 1 m high, with 9 floors in total. The plane of the tower is octagonal, built on the base of a brick platform, and the bottom layer is wrapped with an adobe wall up to one meter thick. After many earthquakes, the tower is still well preserved, showing the exquisite skills of ancient architects in China.

Cornice tower is another type developed from pavilion tower, and its building materials are generally bricks and stones. This tower is characterized by a high ground floor with dense eaves on the 7th to13rd floors, so it is generally not allowed to climb the tower for sightseeing. The earliest existing secret eaves pagoda was built in the fourth year of Zheng Guang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (532). It is located in Songshan Mountain, Dengfeng, Henan Province, and is called Song Yue Temple Tower. The tower is 12, with brick inclined columns in every corner, and Indian-style flame arches on all doors and niches. As the brick eaves of 150 story, the towers are closely arranged and full of rhythm confusion. On the top is a brick "Situpo" gate. His creative idea is not only to get rid of the pavilions in Han and Wei Chuantong, but also to show the profound and mysterious power aroused by religion in people's hearts. In addition, the Little Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi, Shaanxi and the Chongsheng Temple Pagoda in Dali, Yunnan also belong to this type.

The types of pagodas are Lama Pagoda (such as White Pagoda of Miaoying Temple in Beijing), King Kong Throne Pagoda (such as Dazhengjue Temple in Beijing) and Tomb Pagoda (such as Jingzang Zen Master Pagoda in Dengfeng, Henan).

1, the correct understanding of the relationship between the four concepts mentioned in this paper is ().

"Xi Duper" means "brake" or "pavilion tower", which is called "tower" for short.

B "Brake" and "Pavilion Tower" are both components of "Informed Stop Women", referred to as "Tower" for short.

Xi Duper is a tower, brake is a part of it, and pavilion tower is a type of it.

D "brake" and "tower" are different names for "blocking old woman", and "pavilion tower" is one of its types.

2. "It" in the article "Its Creative Conception" refers to ()

A dense eaves tower B Song Yue Temple Tower C is 15-story brick eaves, which are closely arranged and full of rhythm.

At the top of D is a "Xi Duper" brick gate.

3. What is correct is that () the similarities between "Bukkoji Sakyamuni Tower" and "Henan Songyue Tower" are summarized.

① Originated in India ② The only existing tower is singular ④ The plane of the tower body is 12 polygon ⑤ Bricks and stones are the main building materials ⑤ There is a "stop" brake at the top of the tower.

A①③⑥ B①②⑤ C②④⑤ D③④⑥

4, the following statement, inconsistent with the original material is ()

From all kinds of pagodas, we can see the architectural achievements of ancient China.

B People's aesthetic taste can be seen from various pagodas.

From all kinds of pagodas, we can see that "Pagoda" plays a very important role in China's ancient architecture.

From all kinds of pagodas, we can see the integration and development of different national cultures.

Yuanmingyuan, a Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens (Excerpt)

(1) Yuanmingyuan is located at the edge of the alluvial fan of Yongding River. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, this area was full of clear springs and dense lakes and marshes, and was called "Haidian". Yuanmingyuan was originally given to his fourth son, Yin Zhen, by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. After continuous expansion and reconstruction, the total area has reached more than 5,000 mu, making it a magnificent royal garden.

(2) Yuanmingyuan is the most brilliant masterpiece of garden art in the history of China. It inherits the excellent gardening tradition of our country for more than 3000 years, draws lessons from the architectural forms of European gardens, and integrates different styles of garden buildings. Its influence led to the rise of garden craze in China in Britain, France and other countries. In Europe, Yuanmingyuan is known as "the garden of ten thousand gardens" and "the model of all gardening arts".

(3) Yuanmingyuan is a collection of overlapping mountains and water control techniques. The surface of Yuanmingyuan is as big as Fuhai and more than 600 meters wide. As the saying goes, "In the Fuhai of Yaotai, Pengdao, communication is only connected by ships"; The small width is between 40 and 50 and 100 meters. "Crossing the water is a rainbow with clouds and sails. Why do you envy Wujiang more? " The winding river connects these large and small water surfaces in series into a complete river and lake system, which constitutes the context and link of the whole park and provides convenience for boat tours and waterway replenishment. From this, it is not difficult to imagine the picture of Ada sky, colorful dragon boats and rippling songs. Rocks, hills, mounds, islands, bridges and dams made of mud piled up by stones are scattered in the park, accounting for about one-third of the whole park area. Combined with the water system, they divided the whole park into nearly 100 natural spaces with mountains and rivers turning and overlapping layers. Every space has undergone fine artistic processing, which not only shows the artificial freehand brushwork but also maintains the charm of wild interest. It is itself an exquisite representative of Jiangnan water town. There is a saying, "Who says that the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful, and it moves into the bosom?". Although Yuanmingyuan is a garden of thousands of hectares, its momentum is seamless and its charm is meaningful.

(4) It's a pity that Yuanmingyuan was looted by the British and French allied forces and burned by Eight-Nation Alliance, and its scenic spots have disappeared.

(1) [Yin Zhen (YIN ZH ē N)] Yong Zhengdi in the Qing dynasty.

1. Combined with paragraph (2), summarize why Yuanmingyuan is a "masterpiece of garden art". (limited to 26 words) (2 points)?

_______________________________________________________________________

2. Combined with paragraph (3), talk about how "water control by overlapping mountains" is embodied in the garden construction of Yuanmingyuan (3 points).

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

3. What does the author mean by quoting "Who says the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful and the earth is moving in your arms"? (2 points)

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Three "desert pearls" are fading.

Crescent Moon Spring and Mogao Grottoes are also known as the two wonders of Dunhuang, and are known as "the pearl of the desert". However, due to drought and human factors, the water level of Crescent Spring is declining, and this "pearl" is getting darker and darker, even in danger of disappearing.

② The measured hydrological data provided by Yueya Spring Management Office of Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang City show that the water area of 1960 Yueya Spring is 22.3 mu, with the maximum water depth of 7.5 meters; 1986 water area 13.3 mu, with a maximum water depth of 4.2 meters. At present, the water area is only 9 mu, and the maximum water depth is only about 1 m.

MQ Zhang, a professor at the School of Resources and Environment of Lanzhou University, said at the International Symposium on Drought Climate Change and Sustainable Development held here on the 23rd that Crescent Moon Spring is a natural outcrop of groundwater in Dunhuang area and a part of the whole groundwater system, which is replenished by regional groundwater. However, due to human activities and other reasons, the groundwater level in Dunhuang has been declining, and the water level in Crescent Spring is also declining.

(4) Dunhuang, located in the northwest of China, used to rely on the upstream water from Shule River and Danghe River to replenish groundwater for a long time. Since 1950s, with the construction of upstream reservoirs, these rivers have been cut off one after another, and the groundwater in Dunhuang has lost its recharge source. With the development of economy, the water demand in Dunhuang is increasing. At present, the city draws more than 40 million cubic meters of groundwater every year, which leads to serious over-exploitation of groundwater.

⑤ In order to keep the crescent spring, more than 5 million cubic meters of river water need to be recharged every year. Nevertheless, according to the measurement, the surface water level is still decreasing at a rate of about 15 cm per year.

Experts believe that in the long run, strictly controlling groundwater exploitation and raising the groundwater level in Dunhuang is the fundamental way to solve the decline of crescent water level. At the same time, relevant departments should also consider inter-basin water transfer to further alleviate the water shortage problem in Dunhuang.

⑦ Crescent Spring is located about 5 kilometers south of Dunhuang, surrounded by Mingsha Mountain, and the quicksand is only tens of meters away from the spring.

Today, it is located in the desert of central Asia, with an average annual precipitation of about 40 mm, but the evaporation is as high as 2480 mm. In this extremely dry and intense evaporation climate, Crescent Moon Spring can last for thousands of years, which adds to her magic.

1. Summarize the key information given in this article in one sentence.

2. From the full text, what are the main aspects of "human factors" mentioned in the first paragraph?

3. According to your feelings, talk about the expressive function of the second paragraph in the article.

4. If you combine the underlined sentences in paragraph (2) and add a sentence at the end of paragraph (5), what you wrote is:

5. The data listed in this paper pay attention to the freedom and diversity of language. Please find four examples in paragraph 7.

6. Crescent Moon Spring is in the desert, and it will not dry for thousands of years. Please explain the reasons according to the content of this article.

______

Four "High-tech Powers" Israel

(1) Israel is a small country with a serious shortage of natural resources. However, in this country with a population of only 6 million and a land area of only 14900 square kilometers, the export of high-tech products in198 reached10 billion US dollars, and the per capita high-tech export was much higher than that in other developed countries. Israel's achievements are highly praised by all countries in the world.

The Israelis said, "We have no oil, only the sun, the Dead Sea and our heads." The sun is public, and the Dead Sea is dedicated to Israel and other neighboring countries with its unique resources. The only thing that Israel can compete with other countries is brains and talents. At present, Israel has an average of 78 college students per 1000 labor force; On average, there are 1000 people with 142 scientists and engineers, far higher than 80 in the United States and 75 in Japan.

(3) Israelis with high-tech knowledge are blessed and handy in developing high-tech industries. Today, there are 3,000 enterprises engaged in high-tech research and development in Israel, all of which are emerging technology companies in cutting-edge industries, ranking second in the world after the United States in absolute number. Commenting on Israel's achievements, international economists said: "The traditional industrial economy has become a thing of the past in Israel. Today, Israel is developing a knowledge-based economic building with high-tech intensive connotation, and it is a group of high-tech talents that can't be reached by many countries. "

Developing high technology requires high investment, which is quite difficult for small countries. However, Israel's human resources, coupled with the government's foreign investment policy, induce foreign capital to flow into Israel. Smart Israelis make full use of American Wall Street securities institutions to raise funds for Israeli high-tech companies, and hundreds of billions of dollars of stock market funds have added great strength to Israel's high-tech development. According to statistics, 75% of Israel's 3,000 high-tech companies have foreign investment, and the United States alone has invested more than 8 billion US dollars. From September 65438 to September 0997, the Israeli government exempted foreign capital from capital gains tax, which effectively promoted the development of Israel's high-tech field.

1. Why does the article say that Israel is a "high-tech power"? The inappropriate explanation for the reason is ()

A. International economists speak highly of Israel's achievements and think that its traditional industrial economy has become a thing of the past. "Today, Israel's development is a knowledge-based economic building built with high-tech intensive connotation." .

B. 1998, the export of high-tech products in Israel is as high as 1000 billion US dollars, and the per capita high-tech export is much higher than that in other developed countries.

C. The Israelis said, "We have no oil, only the sun, the Dead Sea and our heads." The sun is public, and the Dead Sea is dedicated to Israel and other neighboring countries with its unique resources. So Israel can only compete with other countries by its own mind.

D. High-tech development requires high investment, and Israelis rely on human resources and an open foreign investment policy to promote the development of high-tech fields in Israel.

2. Read paragraphs (1) and (2) and talk about the reasons why Israel develops high technology.

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Read the sentences with horizontal lines in the third paragraph, and analyze the function of the explanation method in combination with the context. (Analyze at least two interpretation methods)

4, the following statement, inconsistent with the meaning of the text is ()

A. There are two fundamental reasons why Israel has become a high-tech power: one is human resources, and the other is the foreign investment policy implemented by the government.

B. Israel's "human resources" show two abilities, one is high-quality talents, and the other is good at attracting foreign capital into Israel, which has added great strength to Israel's high-tech development.

C. The Israeli government's foreign investment policy has two characteristics: one is to exempt foreign investment from capital gains tax, and the other is to make full use of American Wall Street securities institutions to raise funds for it.

D Among the 3,000 high-tech companies in Israel, foreign capital accounts for 75%, and the capital invested by the United States alone amounts to more than 8 billion dollars.

5. Compared with Israel, China has a vast territory and a large population. What do you think we can learn from the development of Israel?

Five tsunamis

① At 8: 00 a.m. on February 26th, 65438, a strong earthquake struck the northern part of Indonesia's Sumatra Hunting Island, and the resulting tsunami quickly swept through neighboring countries, causing huge casualties. This is the biggest disaster in Asia in 40 years.

② A. Huge waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, underwater collapses and landslides are called tsunamis. Destructive earthquakes and tsunamis only occur when vertical faults and Richter scale are greater than 6.5. Mr. Zhang Guoming from the Institute of Earthquake Prediction of the Seismological Bureau of China said that the magnitude of the Indonesian earthquake reached 8.7, which is very rare for China.

(3) Zhang Guoming said that earthquakes and tsunamis usually occur several hours after earthquakes. The Pacific Rim earthquake is the region with the strongest seismic activity on the earth, where the geological structure is firm and the surface height varies greatly. About 80% of the world's earthquakes occur here, and the distribution of earthquake and tsunami occurrence areas is basically consistent with the earthquake zone.

(4) Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, which happens to be on the stratigraphic fault zone and has very frequent seismic activities. On August 27th, 1883, sunda strait was hit by a tsunami caused by volcanic eruption. The maximum wave height is 35 meters, resulting in 36,000 deaths. Some people described the explosion as "a shock to Wan Li, three ashes". 1992, an earthquake measuring 7 on the Richter scale occurred in Indonesia, which triggered a tsunami near Fuloris Island in the southeast, killing 2,500 people.

According to experts, the propagation speed of water fluctuation caused by earthquake can reach 1000 km per hour, which is faster than that of a large jet airliner. When the tsunami wave enters the continental shelf, it carries huge energy straight to the bay and coast; At this time, the wave height above 10-20 meters may appear, and it will impact forward with avalanche.

⑥ Mr. Zhang Guoming thinks that this tsunami caused such a great death because the earthquake occurred in the Indian Ocean trench, with a high magnitude, which produced a strong upward and downward friction, very similar to the tsunami that occurred in Chile on May 23, 1960. C The maximum magnitude of the earthquake was 8.4 on the Richter scale, and the maximum height of the tsunami was 25 meters, which turned half the buildings in a city in Chile into a rubble field and killed more than 900 people. At the same time, tsunami waves spread in the Pacific Ocean at a speed of 700 kilometers per hour. In Hawaii, USA, tsunami waves threw more than one ton of basalt 100 from the dam100 meters away, pushed a steel railway bridge more than 200 meters away from the pier, destroyed more than 500 buildings, and killed 6 1 person. Twenty-two hours after the earthquake, tsunami waves spread to Japan, causing great disasters. Chile earthquake is a rare crustal change. It raised a piece of land of about 500,000 square kilometers on the seabed by nearly 10 meter, and the rough waves gradually subsided after a week.

1, read paragraphs ②-⑤ carefully, and clarify the explanation ideas.

Tsunami →→→→→ Pacific Rim Earthquake Tsunami →→→→→ Earthquake Tsunami Power

2. In paragraph (3), in the sentence "Earthquakes and tsunamis usually occur a few hours after earthquakes", can the word "usually" be deleted and why?

3. What's the function of listing the historical facts of the tsunami in Indonesia in paragraph (4)?

4. Choose one of the underlined sentences A, B and C and talk about the benefits of this explanation.

On February 26th, 565438, the Indian Ocean tsunami killed about150,000 people and left tens of thousands of refugees homeless. The whole world has turned its attention to the disaster area, and people have donated money to help the people in the disaster area rebuild their homes. Please draw up a slogan for the school's "disaster relief fund-raising" activity. (No more than 30 words)

Narrative reading training

Six escaped flames

(1) After entering the winter, Ketai has become the most monotonous world. There are endless green grass and flowers on the earth, from the foot to the end of the day, there is no change, only the vast snowfield. This prairie, located deep in the Ili Valley, is so monotonous and quiet in winter.

I got my horse ready that morning and sent some documents to other places. I finally tightened my waist for the green bridle, got on the horse, put down my fur hat, pulled the hem of my military coat over my knees, harnessed my horse, and headed for the snowy field. In this sunny weather, walking in Ma Xueyuan has a special taste. People on horseback suddenly broaden their horizons.

I rode my horse to a highland, and the horse gasped in the snow, which seemed reluctant. After a while, it gradually slowed down. At this moment, suddenly there was a messy barking in the distance. I turned around in the saddle and was surprised to see a scene of winter hunting in Yuan Ye.

(4) In white Zita Law, a group of angry shepherds are chasing three desperate foxes. Behind the shepherd is a group of hunters on horseback. The snow is so deep that the fox jumps very hard. Every time they leap, a snow fog will be raised behind them, and then they will fall, and their bodies will sink into the snow again, sometimes only showing their sharp red heads ... Although the shepherds behind them are also in Zita Law, they are much taller and more fierce, and they collide in the snow like a high wind.

⑤ The three foxes ran away desperately and looked back from time to time. In this vast snowfield, they are too weak and dangerous. The snowfield is so empty, but the fox is as eye-catching, dazzling and unobstructed as clusters of jumping flames. It seems that more than a dozen fierce dogs can catch up, so people who ride horses and hunt don't shoot.

The reddest fox turned and ran towards me. I was overjoyed and ran towards it. If I whip it down, I'm sure I'll faint. Just thinking like this, my horse suddenly stopped. It pricked up its ears and looked forward. I'm confused. The fox suddenly jumped from the slope and landed right in front of my horse. It can be seen that the fox was stunned for an instant. It probably never thought that there was a person lurking here. In panic, it may have expected that it would die, but it still fell in front of the horse and looked at me in horror.

This is the first time that I have observed a fox so closely in the wild. ……

This creature, this flame is so desperate. "Let me live-"I felt it pleading with me.

Pet-name ruby my right arm with a whip fell down, involuntarily turned the horse's head and made way.

Attending it politely looked at me to get out of the way, then lowered its head and ran past me quickly.

11I stood on the high ground and watched the red fox continue to flee. In a sunny snowy area, it bounces together and is particularly clear. Its beautiful big tail flickered and swayed, burning and dancing in the white snow like a flaming flame dragged by the wind.

12 "Run! Hurry up, hurry up! " I looked at this fox, and suddenly my heart was full of love and worry, as if it were not a beast, but a fire in the forest, an elf in the snowy area, and a child of Sun City.

○ 13 At this time, the barking dogs chased after them. They were crowded, with extremely angry faces and high spirits. They rushed at each other and sometimes knocked down their accomplices, as if they had an unforgettable hatred for the fox.

14 They will tear up the poor red fox! When they chased them, in the distance, the escaping flame was still beating in a passage.

○ 15 I sat in the saddle with only two words in my heart: hurry up, hurry up! ……

○ 16 years later, I bought a complete and fiery fox skin in the small street outside Labrang Temple. I'm not sure why I spent hundreds of dollars on this fox skin, but I bought it anyway.

○ 17 This fox skin is very similar to the escape or flame I met in Zeketai. I don't know the ultimate fate of the fox, but I believe it is dead.

○ 18 A hot briquette will go out wherever it goes. Its final outcome is also to become a complete skin.

○ 19 was hung up and became a decoration. (This article was written in 1996 and has been deleted because the original text is too long. )

1. The selected article tells us a story of gardening and winter hunting. With the development of the plot, the author's thoughts and feelings are also changing. Please read paragraph ③~○ 15 and fill in the blanks according to the following tips. (4 words in each space) (4 points)

(1) Plot development: _ _ _ _ _ → Before the fox falls → _ _ _ _ → Let the fox run away.

(2) Changes in feelings: I am surprised → _ _ _ _ _ _ _ → I sympathize → _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. The first paragraph of the selected text depicts the winter scene of Zeketai grassland with concise pen and ink. What is the improper analysis of its function? Choose the answer and fill its letters in the brackets on the answer sheet. (3 points)

A. Explain the time and place of the story, and provide the background for the following winter hunting of Yuan Ye.

B. the monotonous and quiet atmosphere is rendered, which is in sharp contrast with the fierce fox hunting below.

C. it shows the vastness and infinity of the snow area, suggesting that the fox has nowhere to escape.

D. Expressed the author's admiration for the winter and vast snowfields in Zeketai grassland.

3. The selected paragraph ⑦ wrote: "This is the first time that I have observed the fox so closely in the wild." Please use your imagination according to the context and write a paragraph describing the scene at that time. (about 50 words) (3 points)

4. The scene of the red fox escaping on the vast snowfield is described wonderfully. Please choose your favorite paragraph from paragraphs ④, χ, χ 1 1 to enjoy. (4 points)

5. The story told in the anthology is the author's personal experience in 1970. He once wrote a short poem about it, and he wrote-one winter/I met a fairy tale.

It's not meaningful/but I think it's beautiful …

The sun shines on the snow. At this moment, a fox ran across the snowfield. ...

Let this burning life beat in the snowfield/How lonely the wilderness will be without it. ...

Judging from the meanings of these quoted poems and the above-mentioned selected text 18 19, what do you think are the themes of Fairy Tales Encountered in Winter and Fleeing Flame respectively? (3 points)

(1) Fairy Tales Encountered in Winter: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) the flame of escape: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Bird Talk in Qikong Mountain (Guo Feng)

When I come to the mountain, my favorite thing is listening to birds.

The song of birds is the most beautiful language in the world. Don't you understand the language of birds? I think you should understand. On the mountain, everyone likes the singing of birds, and everyone knows the language of birds; Everyone knows, the breeze knows, the white clouds know, the flowing spring knows better, even the little snake hanging on the branches in the sun knows. The language of birds always tells touching love.

In the golden sunshine, I like to spend most of my time listening to two birds singing overhead. They always string five different notes into a song. One sings first, and the other sings along. The lingering, repetitive and transparent affection, like a wisp of spiritual spring dripping on the bluestone, generate from the song. I have been familiar with this bird since I was a child. It has a small red mouth, a green back and yellow stripes. I like their flexible posture, and I like their appearance better. They are always inseparable. I didn't know its name then, and I don't know what kind of bird it is now. Thinking about it, I couldn't help laughing. What a fool! What's the use of names? People like all kinds of nice names, birds don't necessarily like them, and people don't necessarily understand the songs that birds like to sing; In fact, it doesn't matter whether people like it or not. Birds sing for birds.

Tits are naughty elves, always running in droves, always calling for friends and making noise excitedly. The short and loud singing of tits makes people unable to concentrate. I just feel that a light rain of music is scattered, rapid and full of sky, which has drenched you all over; Then, after the rain clears up, the sunshine brings into your gloomy heart, adding color to your gloomy life, and you are immersed in unrestrained joy and a little melancholy. Isn't it? Who can not be disappointed in the face of tits' extravagant freedom and naive joy? Who doesn't have a happy time like tits? However, the good times of teenagers always pass too quickly and in a trance. Who can be as happy as tits forever? Think about it, human beings, making their own shackles and locking themselves up, are the most pathetic race in nature! But tits don't care about these, whether you are happy or not, whether you are sad or not, no matter how many boring ideas you have, tits don't care about anything; They fly like a whirlwind, they fall like clouds, hey! They are busy for entertainment. It's rare to have this deep mountain Guang Lin. Where else are these singing elves going to live?

⑤ After noon, it is the time when the mountain forest falls asleep. Under the sunshine of autumn outside Qian Shan, the hazy light is as ethereal as the drunken moonlight: tipsy and gentle, gathering that dazzling brilliance; Let valleys and deep forests create the mystery of autumn. The forest fell asleep and the birds were silent. Stepping on a slope of golden leaves, stepping on mottled tree shadows, and stepping on thin loneliness. In the silence of all the birds, "Goo-Goo-",where are the partridges? Suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly near, suddenly far away, the ethereal voice is somewhat unpredictable. Is it really a partridge? It's rare to hear the sound of partridges in Taiwan Province Province! Partridges should be poets among birds, no, they are the embodiment of poets! Just a few ethereal voices will pull people back to an ancient world. "Goo-goo-",I returned to the south of the Yangtze River, "Goo-goo-",and I bathed in light smoke to keep out the rain. The moss marks in Stone Town are deeper and greener! The small street with long eaves and flying corners is even more lonely! The sunset by the river is even more desolate! "Goo-goo-",the sound of hooves on the stone road suddenly disappeared. This is a dream, oh! This is a dream on an island in the Cape of Good Hope. Yes, I know this is a dream, but how much I like to relive it!

Come to the mountain, close your eyes, stop browsing the scenery and listen to the birds singing! Birds are singing, fairy music is fluttering, echoing between peaks and valleys. Didn't you hear the news of nature and the vicissitudes of life from this wonderful voiceless sound? So, what else should you do besides opening your heart?

⑦ What else should we do?

I want to be a bird, in the mountains.

1 The author mainly describes the songs of several birds. What are their characteristics? (3 points)

The article uses metaphor rhetoric to describe the singing of birds in many places, and extracts a sentence to analyze its expressive function (4 points).

3. Read paragraph 4 carefully and summarize the reasons why the author feels "depressed" and "disappointed". (3 points) 4. How do you understand the author's dream in the fifth paragraph? (3 points)

At the beginning of the article, I said, "When I come to the mountains, what I like best is listening to birds", and at the end, I said, "I want to be a bird in the mountains". Try to explain how this reflects the author's thoughts and feelings. (3 points)

Tomb of eight female soldiers

(1) Yellow leaves in late autumn fall sadly in the lonely sky. On the morning after the snow, I took a bunch of Saussurea involucrata into this wasteland covered with gravel and hay and walked to a small mound. ...

Here, I slept with a woman I respected, a female soldier sleeping on the roof of the world.

Do you still remember me When you leave this world, I hold you!

At that time, I was an auto soldier who had been in the army for less than a year. You, an ordinary military doctor, have a shining five-pointed star on your head, a wide brown belt outside your military uniform and a Red Cross medicine box on your left shoulder. I haven't seen you before, and I didn't see you until that day when I pulled a car full of comrades from Lanzhou New Barracks. You are too busy! Thirty-five recruits in the car, you have to take their blood pressure two or three times a day, even me, a "veteran" who has run three times on the Qinghai-Tibet line. Comrades feel that their yak-like bodies don't need so many things. If not, they will say with a straight face, "Yak is not good either! Alpine disease is not polite to anyone. " A car full of honest people.

The top of Tanggula Mountain is surprisingly cold. I stopped to take a nap and refueled. You ran around checking on the soldiers as usual. The cold wind won't dry the hot sweat on your face. ...

[6] Just then-a moment I will never forget-a stray bullet came from nowhere and a recruit fell on the bus.

On one occasion, a fork gun came out from a cliff hole on the side of the road. ...

The sniper gun was aimed at our military vehicle, and the gun was only a few tens of meters away from the car. The stray bullet continued to fly. ...

You are the first to find the enemy's situation, so don't hesitate to rush up and hold on to that fork gun!

⑽ All the remaining 34 recruits rushed up! Unarmed, they destroyed the enemy's nest with 34 pairs of fists. When people rescued you from the fork gun, you were dying. ...

⑾ I drove to Lhasa like a flying car. I put all my strength on the tip of my right foot and stepped on the accelerator hard, hoping to get the car wheels off the ground and fly!

⑿ But your injury is too serious after all! I had to stop when the car drove to the northern Tibetan plateau. I'll pick you up. I don't know.