Zhou Enlai's detailed information is about 10,000 words.

I am engaged in the revolutionary cause, and like ordinary intellectuals in China, I have experienced a long process from a feudal family to a western school education and then to a socialist.

My grandfather's name is Zhou and he was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. According to the traditional custom in China, a person's place of origin is counted from his ancestors. Therefore,

I come from Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

In Shaoxing society, in addition to the workers (farmers and craftsmen), there are two kinds of people in the middle and upper classes: one is feudal intellectuals and the other is businessmen, both of which develop outward. As usual, the way out for scholars is China Imperial Examination. Shaoxing people, on the other hand, are a large number of teachers, who manage the copywriting of government offices at all levels in the country and arrange teachers in almost all government offices across the country. In the old play, the darling's face is red nose, probably because everyone drinks. The way out for businessmen is to open grocery stores and sell Shaoxing wine in major cities.

My ancestors in recent generations were also masters of Shaoxing, and my grandfather was originally from Nanchang, Jiangxi, and was also a master. When they arrived at their ancestors, the two families moved to Huaiyin and Huai 'an, Jiangsu, to be county officials, so they became in-laws. 1898 I was born in Huai 'an.

My grandmother is a rural woman in Huaiyin. Therefore, I have farmers in my blood.

My mother is beautiful and kind, and gave birth to three children-me and two younger brothers. Now, a younger brother is dead and a younger brother is still alive. My mother died of tuberculosis at the age of 35. The reason is that the family went from bad to worse after grandpa died, and my mother became ill because of overwork.

Grandfather died in his fifties. He didn't produce or buy land before his death, only real estate. When my parents came, our family was in decline. My uncle is a teacher, my father (Zhou Shaogang) is a document, and his income is not enough to support his life. However, feudal families have always had a good face and put on a false scene. They would rather be in debt than lose face. Therefore, I have known the hardships of life since I was a child. My father often goes out. When I was ten or eleven years old, I began to take care of my daily necessities at home and go out to socialize, which gave me some exercise.

I will be born soon, because of my uncle Zhouyi? Seriously ill, according to traditional habits, I adopted it to my uncle. After his uncle died, he was raised by a widowed aunt. My aunt, the stepmother Chen, is an educated woman. When I was five years old, she often told me stories, such as Rain Flower in the Sky and Rebirth. My stepmother stays indoors all day, and my quiet character is inherited from her. But my biological mother is a cheerful person, so my personality also has this part of her.

I went to a private school when I was a child. I started reading novels from the age of eight to ten. The first novel I read was The Journey to the West, and then I read The Flowers in the Mirror, The Water Margin and A Dream of Red Mansions.

China has a saying: "Go to Liangshan". This proverb comes from the Water Margin. We were all "forced to go to Liangshan". People are not born on the revolutionary road, but are caused by external oppression and environment. But he is revolutionary, because there is a kind of resistance in human instinct, and he doesn't want to be oppressed by foreign countries. There is a kind of person who stands on the side of the oppressor or helps the oppressor. Of course, there is no reason to resist. But most people are oppressed, but they resist in different ways. Some people have strong resistance, which comes from exercise, while others have weak resistance because of insufficient exercise.

When I was twelve, I left home and went to the northeast. This is the key to my life and ideological transformation. If I didn't leave home this time, my life must have been nothing, and it ended tragically like my brothers who stayed at home.

I left home and went to Tieling in the northeast of China, because my father and uncle worked there at that time. I went to primary school in Tieling and went to Shenyang for two years after half a year. From feudal education to western education, from feudal family to school environment, I began to read revolutionary books, which is the key to my transformation. There were two teachers at that time. One is a history teacher Gao (from Shandong), who is a revolutionary, and the other is a conservative. Gao introduced me to read progressive books, such as Zhang Taiyan (leader of the Guangfu Association) and League magazine. The geography teacher is Manchu, surnamed Mao, and introduced me to the articles of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. Zhang Taiyan's articles are old and difficult to understand, while Liang Qichao's articles are modern and easy to understand.

Later, Dai published the Civil Rights Newspaper, which combined Zhang and Liang's ideas into one and wrote an article lashing out at Yuan Shikai. I read from its inaugural issue that it was sealed by the then ruler Yuan Shikai. When I was thirteen or fourteen.

At the age of fifteen (19 13 years), he entered Nankai middle school, a private school. The tuition fee was originally provided by my uncle, and later it was a scholarship from the school.

Education in Nankai is normal and free. I like literature, history, politics and math. In short, I like things that can be reasonable, and I don't like things that are memorized, such as chemistry and English. I often read a lot of books after class. Nankai has freedom of assembly and association, and we organized a group meeting with respect for our profession. I'm the president. 19 15 participated in the anti-Yuan movement, gave a speech, encouraged fund-raising and opposed the "Article 21" traitorous treaty. But there were not many students interested in politics in Nankai at that time.

19 17 After graduating from middle school, I went to Japan to study abroad. I taught myself and my living expenses were provided by my friends. A year and a half in Japan.

19 19 returned to China during the May 4th Movement, entered Nankai University, participated in the May 4th Movement, and edited Tianjin Federation Daily. After the newspaper was blocked, I was arrested and imprisoned for half a year (when Duan's subordinates ruled Tianjin). After his release, he went to France to work and study (1920).

At that time, the Weekly Review edited by Dai in Shanghai was devoted to introducing socialism, while the Weekly Review edited by Hu Shi in Peiping and the New Youth edited by Chen Duxiu were all progressive books, which had a great influence on my thoughts.

During this period, my thoughts changed from being in favor of revolution to socialism. But because I was born in a feudal family, my socialist thought is utopian. But because I learned a lot from snacks and knew the hardships of life, I changed to Marxist materialism in a short time. During this period, I saw the manifesto of the * * * production party in China, and began to read The Class Struggle (Kaucki) and the principle of * * * productism, which had a great influence on me.

The reason why I went to France 1920 was that the First World War had just ended. It's easy to find a job in France. I can work part-time. But after I arrived in France, I didn't have a job. Before I went to France, I had signed a contract with a domestic newspaper as a special correspondent, so I studied and wrote articles in France.

Later, I have been to Germany. 1922, after returning to France from Germany, more than 20 people gathered in Paris and established the European China * * * Production Youth League (formerly known as the Youth * * Producer Party in China). At that time, Wang Ruofei, Luo Mai and other comrades attended, and I was one of the leaders of the Youth League. This organization has developed rapidly, and soon there are more than 300 people, including international students from France, Germany, Britain and Belgium. Zhu De was in Germany, Nie was in Belgium, and Chen returned from France. More than 100 of them joined the Party. 1923, domestic countries * * * have already cooperated. I was ordered by Sun Yat-sen to organize the Kuomintang in Europe with another national, King party member. At that time, there were Zhang Lisheng and Zhang Daofan. At that time, the object of our struggle was the Youth Party. At that time, the main figures in France were Ceng Qi and Li Huang, who advocated nationalism and resolutely opposed the Kuomintang. But in the struggle, we sometimes talk about the United front, so we are familiar with Li and Zeng. I went to Germany on 1923. Mark bought a lot of books cheaply in Germany at that time, and I didn't have time to finish reading them. I returned to China in the summer of 1924.

The emergence of the * * * production party in China is not accidental, but has its social foundation and historical roots.

Since the Opium War, China has been invaded by foreign capitalist and imperialist countries for one hundred years, with backward economy and underdeveloped industry. Therefore, many nationalists began to explore the road of national independence. At that time, Japan had reached the semi-feudal and semi-democratic road and the reform, and China also wanted to find this road. However, the feudal forces in China are too deep-rooted. 1898, the Reform Movement of 1898 failed. Although the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the autocratic rule of the Qing Dynasty, it did not overthrew feudalism. Yuan Shikai took the place of the Qing Dynasty to master the feudal regime, and China remained a semi-colony to the outside world. During the First World War, China's light industry had a chance to develop, and the domestic working class had developed to a certain extent. After the war, the empires of Germany, Austria and Russia fell one after another. The October socialist revolution took place in Russia, and revolutionary movements also took place in other European countries. At the same time, American President Wilson put forward fourteen democratic ideas. However, Yuan Shikai, the leader of feudal forces in China, signed the "Twenty-one" traitorous treaty with Japan. At that time, Sun Yat-sen's activities only floated at the top. There was no agrarian revolution in his thoughts, and his activities did not go deep into the masses and had no mass base. Therefore, radical intellectuals and workers launched the May 4th Movement at that time. The May 4th Movement is an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal national democratic revolutionary movement and a new cultural movement in China. The main leaders are inclined to socialism. At that time, the intellectuals realized the defects of the capitalist system from the world war, that feudalism should be overthrown first, and nationalism could not solve the China problem, so they tended to socialism. Under the ideological trend of radical democracy, the China * * * production party came into being. It is also because we intellectuals have accepted the revolutionary ideas of Europe abroad and have seen through that nationalism cannot solve the China problem, and we want socialism to take this responsibility. The emergence of China's * * * production party is the result of the development of China's revolutionary movement in the past century.

Since the Opium War, the national liberation movement in China has actually been a peasant movement. Farmers in China account for 80% to 90% of the population. National liberation is essentially peasant liberation. Both the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Boxer Rebellion were peasant uprisings, and these revolutionary movements were often conservative. The failure of the Revolution of 1911 was due to the failure to find the way of peasant liberation, that is, the agrarian revolution. Intellectuals who lead the revolutionary movement often forget the demands of farmers. Without the support of urban workers, they often betray the interests of farmers later, which is one thing. On the other hand, rulers, such as the Qing government and later Yuan Shikai, relied on external forces to suppress the peasant movement, so the peasant revolutionary movement often failed.

Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thought, on the one hand, inherits the spirit of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, carries it forward and reforms the land system. On the other hand, I learned the method of land reform in the United States-that is, collecting land tax. However, his activities never went deep into the countryside to understand and organize farmers, and the revolutionary movement was not combined with farmers or ordinary citizens in the city. He has been running in a narrow circle for decades. Therefore, before the Great Revolution, enlightened intellectuals and workers were not deeply impressed by Sun Yat-sen. At that time, the Three People's Principles had only a few simple slogans, no platform and no political theory. Later, with the cooperation of the state, the content of the Three People's Principles was enriched and became Lincoln's democracy of the people, by the people and for the people. After the Great Revolution, the * * * production party widely mobilized the masses, and the Three People's Principles only penetrated into the masses and took root among them. Therefore, the three people's principles we are practicing today are based on the ideas of the first national congress of the Kuomintang.

Historically, the Kuomintang can be divided into five periods. This is divided according to the class components contained in each period and the interests they represent. 1. Before the Revolution of 1911, Zhong Xing Hometown Association was established in 1894, and the League was established in 1905. During this period, it represented the interests of overseas Chinese capitalists and laborers (Hong Men), so it had the idea of national democracy. At home, we rely on intellectuals who are dissatisfied with the Qing Dynasty's rule and foreign aggression, as well as green gang red gangs in society, people who are dissatisfied with the current social situation, unemployed people and so on.

2. After the Xinhai (191year), 19 13 was renamed the Kuomintang, and 19 14 was renamed the China Revolutionary Party, with smaller and smaller components. At that time, overseas Chinese were divided into two factions, one supporting the Kuomintang and the other opposing it. At home, we rely on some gentlemen, comprador bureaucrats and intellectuals, but mainly rely on military personnel, with a small foundation. Intellectuals and soldiers can't get along. Results 1922 Chen Jiongming, representing the soldiers, drove away Sun Yat-sen, representing the intellectuals, so Sun Yat-sen fled to Shanghai.

Third, 1924 was reorganized and renamed China Kuomintang, which greatly expanded its foundation. Thanks to China's participation, its members include workers, farmers, soldiers, intellectuals, businessmen and other upper-middle class people. In short, the composition includes all classes and becomes a national political party. For this reason, the party is divided into left and right factions. When the revolution developed to a certain period, the two factions split and the "April 12th" Party-cleaning movement took place.

After "April 12th", Kuomintang itself became a political party of big landlords and big bourgeoisie.

5. Since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. After the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the foundation has been expanded, but the interests it represents are still the interests of landlords, bureaucrats, capitalists and the upper military class. The interests represented by the Kuomintang today are contradictory to its program. Therefore, none of its programs can be implemented, and land reform is opposed by the landlord class; Improving the treatment of military personnel was opposed by upper-level officers; The development of national industry is opposed by bureaucratic capital and comprador capital. Not only does the policy contradict the ruling clique of the party, but the upper and lower levels of the party also contradict each other. The opinions and interests of the lower classes cannot be realized, and all the power is in the hands of CC, Huangpu and the consortium. The reason why these groups can manipulate the whole party is to rely on military power and get help from other countries.

The Kuomintang is now controlled by the army, political power, secret agents and banks. All factions have their own banks, such as the Central Committee (Song Ziwen), China (Kong Xiangxi), farmers (CC) and transportation (semi-CC), but the Party's funds depend on the state treasury. The Senate once criticized the Kuomintang, and then they allocated a sum of money to the Ministry of Finance as funds. The Kuomintang refused to give up the one-party dictatorship because it held the military, political and financial power.

1924 When I returned to China, the Kuomintang had been reorganized. I went to Guangdong, where I served as a political teacher at Whampoa Military Academy, and in the winter of 1924, I was the director of the political department. In the past two years, I have taught four students. /kloc-participated in two expeditions to the east in 0/925, served as the director of the General Political Department of the Expeditionary Force, and played Chen Jiongming. At this time, I cooperated with the Kuomintang as an openly produced party member, so I got to know many Kuomintang people. At that time, there were two factions within the Kuomintang, one advocated cooperation between countries, the other opposed cooperation, and the two factions fought fiercely. 1On March 20th, 926, the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" happened. Chiang Kai-shek arrested many progressives on the pretext that the navy was going to mutiny. After this incident, I resigned as the director of the political department and only became a teacher. The * * * production party cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek during the Northern Expedition, but I didn't go.

1926 went to Shanghai to do the workers' movement in the winter (I also did some workers' work in Guangdong and France). Shanghai workers staged three riots in response to the Northern Expeditionary Army, and I took part in two of them (1I didn't arrive in Shanghai at the time of the first riot on October 23rd). 1February 9271September 22 organized a general strike of 360,000 workers, and held a second uprising on February 22-24, but the uprising failed to cooperate with the revolutionary army because the revolutionary army did not arrive.

On March 2 1 Sunday -22, Shanghai workers held the third armed uprising. In two days, more than 10,000 men from 3 regiments of Zhang Zongchang Army were defeated/KLOC-0, and workers seized more than 4,000 rifles and machine guns. At that time, 800,000 workers took part in the strike, and more than 1 10,000 people directly took part in the fighting. At the beginning, workers only had more than 300 short guns. At the beginning of the uprising, the police handed over a large number of weapons, and the battles in Heather, Zhabei, Hongkou and Wusong all won. By this time, Chiang Kai-shek had arrived in Jiangxi, and the conflict with the Wuhan government had begun. When the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Bai Chongxi heard that the workers were on strike, it stopped moving forward, hoping that the workers would fail and he would come in again.

After the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived in Nanjing and Shanghai, Jiang personally came to Shanghai to suppress the workers. He colluded with foreign forces and bribed hooligans to attack the workers together. From the late night of April 1 1 to the early morning of April 12, he used hooligans to disguise workers to cause conflicts in the workers' picket, and then used mediation as an excuse to move the army into the picket headquarters-the Commercial Press Club, disarming the workers' picket. The massacre began on 12, which killed dozens of people and injured more than 200 people. Wang Shouhua, chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, and many other workers were massacred.

After "412", China * * * immediately became an underground party. I still stayed in Shanghai to deal with the aftermath, and sent many people to study in Wuhan and Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow. In late May, I took a British merchant ship to Wuhan. At this time, the opposition between the left and right factions in the Wuhan government gradually became obvious. The peasant movement flourished in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Guangdong. The peasants demanded land, and the Rightists opposed the peasant movement. Wang Jingwei officially "divided * * *" in the "July 15" and implemented the cooperation between Nanjing and Han. Then we went to Nanchang to launch an uprising.

The troops of the Nanchang Uprising were the 20th Army of He Long and the 24th Division of the 1 1 Army of Ye Ting. There are about twenty thousand people. At that time, there were Ye Ting, He Long, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Nie, Li, Zhang, etc. I was one of them. Soong Ching Ling and Deng Dou are members of the Revolutionary Committee. The rebel army later failed because it made a mistake, that is, it did not integrate with local farmers and wanted to establish a base area in Guangdong. As a result, the fierce battle with Qian Dajun and other departments in Chaoshan failed. After the defeat, some teams went to Hailufeng to join local farmers, and some teams led by Zhu De retreated to the border of Fujian and Jiangxi, then moved to Hunan, and later joined Mao Zedong's troops in Jinggangshan. Mao Zedong Autumn Harvest Uprising Force consists of Wuhan National Revolutionary Army Guard Corps and Peasant Self-Defense Force.

1927 1 1 month went to Shanghai to do underground work until 193 1 year. 193 1 At the end of the year, I went to Jiangxi Central Soviet Area (Ruijin, the capital) and mainly worked in the army. Later, I participated in the 25,000-mile long March from 1934 to 1935.

1930 When I was in Shanghai, I went to Moscow via Europe to attend the third session of the International Executive Committee. When I applied for a passport abroad, I took a photo for Chen Geng to recognize. I told him that this man was from Whampoa Military Academy, but he didn't recognize him after thinking for a long time. So I boldly used this photo to apply to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the National Government and got a passport to study abroad.

I met Comrade Deng in 19 19 and married her in 1925.

Comrade Deng's mother is a Chinese doctor. When she was nearly sixty, she was still a doctor at the Red Army General Command. When the Kuomintang "encirclement and suppression" our army retreated, Mrs. Deng was captured and escorted to Jiujiang. The Kuomintang judge asked her to persuade Deng not to be party member. Mrs. Deng replied: Our parents can't take care of the children's affairs, even Chiang Kai-shek's own son-Jiang Jingguo was in the Soviet Union at that time-and the judge was speechless, so he locked her up in Jiujiang Introspective Hospital. It was not until the negotiation of 1936 that she was released at the beginning of 1937.

Chiang Kai-shek's "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Area failed completely in the first four times. The fourth time under the command of Chen Cheng, the failure was the worst. So Chiang Kai-shek decided to strengthen training, which was the beginning of Lushan training.

After the Red Army's Long March to northern Shaanxi, the Northeast Army began to besiege. Xu Haidong first defeated a division and a brigade of the Northeast Army, and later defeated a division. Therefore, the officers and men of the Northeast Army did not want civil war and demanded anti-Japanese. * * * In this case, we began to carry out United front work against the Northeast Army. The two sides reached a tacit understanding and did not attack each other. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek also sent people to contact us secretly and accept peace under unequal conditions. At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek still stepped up the oppression of the Northeast Army to attack the Red Army, so as to weaken the Red Army and make it easier for China to accept his conditions. Zhang Xueliang and his men didn't want to attack the Red Army, but Chiang Kai-shek ran to An, forcing Zhang to fight the * * * production party, and said that if he didn't fight, he would send Jiang instead of him and transfer him to Fujian. So Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng of the Northwest Army decided to launch an incident and detain Chiang Kai-shek. After the incident, our security department in northern Shaanxi received a telegram from Zhang Xueliang asking us to send representatives to Ann to negotiate with Jiang. There were five people who participated in the negotiations in Ann: Australian Duan Na, Mrs. Jiang, Jiang and I, all of whom were advisers to Chiang Kai-shek. As a result of the negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek promised to stop the civil war and prepare to fight against Japan. 1On February 25th, Mrs. Jiang insisted on sending Jiang back to Beijing on this day. Zhang Xueliang himself promised to personally send Chiang back to Beijing. No one knew beforehand, and Zhang himself did not expect that he would be jailed after arriving in Nanjing. After Zhang Xueliang was imprisoned, the generals and soldiers of the Northeast Army were very angry. They killed Zhang Xueliang's main assistant, Lord Hepai Wang Yizhe. The situation was serious and it took two months to calm down. From then on, the Northeast Army was scattered by Chiang Kai-shek and no longer became an independent force. In the chaotic two months in Xi 'an, it was a hundred times more difficult to convince the Northeast Army than Zhang Xueliang in Xi 'an.

1937 in March, negotiations between the two countries officially began. I have been to Hangzhou once and Guling twice. At that time, Gu was a representative of the Kuomintang. As a result of the negotiations, the Kuomintang promised to be a legitimate political party, recognized the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region and reorganized the Red Army into the Eighth Route Army. However, the Kuomintang government never officially recognized the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region.

After the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhu De and Ye Jianying and I went to Nanjing to attend the national defense conference and demarcate the war zone. Zhu is the deputy commander of the second world war zone, sir. I also went to Shanxi to discuss cooperation with Yan Xishan. 1September 1937 to 1 1 month, I first stayed in Taiyuan, Taiyuan fell to Linfen, and then returned to Yan' an. We went to Wuhan at the end of1February and lived there until the fall of Wuhan, that is, 19381October. We were the last people to leave Wuhan before the fall of Wuhan. Retreat from Wuhan and encounter a fire in Changsha when passing through Changsha. Then go to Guilin and Chongqing at the end of 1938.

The military friction between China and Hu Zongnan in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression began when/KLOC-0 attacked the Guanzhong area south of Yan 'an in June, 939. 10, the Kuomintang army in Hebei attacked the Eighth Route Army. In December, the old army of Yen Hsi-shan in Shanxi fought a new army. 1940, the Kuomintang Zhu Huaibing department attacked the Hebei-Henan border region.

The Southern Anhui Incident occurred at the beginning of 194 1 year 1 month. Nearly ten thousand people were killed and captured at the headquarters of the New Fourth Army, and only two thousand people broke through. Only more than 200 people have been released so far.

1February, 939, I went from Chongqing to Guilin to visit the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui. I went to my hometown Shaoxing by the way. Go back to Chongqing in May. Go back to Yan 'an in June. He went to Moscow for treatment in September because he injured his right arm on horseback and was not cured. The government plane took me to Lanzhou, then took a Soviet plane to Suzhou and entered the Kremlin hospital. By March of 1940, I had gained 9 pounds. Go to Chongqing in May and return to Yan 'an in July. 194 1 During the Southern Anhui Incident in, the negotiations broke down and the struggle began to appear in newspapers. 1942, Lin Biao went to Chongqing. The negotiations between Lin Biao and Chiang Kai-shek were fruitless. 1July, 943, Lin Biao and I left Chongqing for an extension.

1944 In May, General Stilwell decided to send an American military observation team and a press delegation to Yan 'an, where I welcomed them. Hurley 1 1 month was postponed and five agreements were reached. The general contents were to defeat the Japanese, establish a new China, agree to establish a Coalition government including people from all parties, unify the army, reform politics and give people freedom. This was signed by Chairman Mao and Hurley, but the specific content was never made public.

The difference between Stilwell and Hurley's policies is that Stilwell advocates equal assistance to all anti-Japanese troops, and he implements Roosevelt's policy. Hurley's idea is to help through Chiang Kai-shek. He is also in favor of the Coalition government, but the aid to the * * * army must go through the Coalition government. Despite Hurley's claim, Chiang Kai-shek still disagreed. As a result, Hurley gave up his idea of a coalition government and openly sided with Chiang Kai-shek against * * *, so Hurley's imperialist face was exposed.

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